To avoid the progression of cutaneous lesions, a patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) should

avoid sun exposure.

Pain in fibromyalgia involves

changes in pain transmission in the spinal cord.

In contrast to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with

systemic aching in the musculoskeletal system.

Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by

inflammation, stiffness, and fusion of spinal joints.

The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called

tophaceous gout.

Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor. The priority action to take is to

initiate action to have the cast split or removed.

Pain that waxes and wanes and is exacerbated by physical exertion is likely related toGroup of answer choices

fibromyalgia syndrome.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatic disease attributed to

autoimmune mechanisms.

Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manageGroup of answer choices

myasthenia gravis.

A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is

positive antinuclear antibodies.

The pain of nonarticular rheumatism (“growing pain”) is worse

during the night.

The most common type of osteomyelitis is

hematogenous.

The most common source of osteomyelitis is

an infection that migrates via the bloodstream.

The most common presenting sign/symptom with rheumatic fever is

polyarthritis.

Gouty arthritis is a complication of

inadequate renal excretion of uric acid.

“Please explain the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis to me,” says another nurse. “Is it just wear and tear so that the cartilage wears out?” Your best response is

“No; cells in bone, cartilage, and the synovial membrane all get activated and secrete inflammatory mediators that destroy cartilage and damage bone.”

Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include

acute hypertension.

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out.

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed

generalized.

The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure isGroup of answer choices

cerebral vasodilation.

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of

noncontractile tissue injury.

________ occurs when a brainstem impaired patient exhibits a persistent rhythmic or jerky movement in one or both eyes.

Nystagmus

Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include

left-sided muscle weakness and neglect.

Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are

genetically transmitted.

Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries in which

focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles.

Which treatment is helpful in neuropathic pain but not used for acute pain?

Anticonvulsants

Parkinson disease is associated with

a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra.

A college student living in a dormitory reports a stiff neck and headache and is found to have a fever of 102°F. This information is most consistent with

meningitis.

Secondary injury after head trauma refers to

brain injury resulting from the body’s response to tissue damage.

Pain is thought of as

a subjective experience that is difficult to measure objectively.

It is useful to conceptualize pain physiology according to the four stages because each stage provides an opportunity for

intervention.

It is true that epidural bleeding is

characterized by a lucid interval immediately after injury.

Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of

Guillain-Barré syndrome.

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include

rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity.

Modulation of pain signals is thought to be mediated by the release of

endorphins.

Most sensory afferent pain fibers enter the spinal cord by way of the ________ nerve roots.

posterior

Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called

malunion.

A patient presenting with a severe, pounding headache accompanied by nausea and photophobia is likely experiencing a ________ headache.

migraine

Ankylosing spondylitis causes

intervertebral joint fusion.

The earliest manifestation of scleroderma is

Raynaud phenomenon.

One of the most common causes of acute pain is

headache.

A risk factor for osteoporosis is

early menopause.

A unique characteristic feature of fibromyalgia is the presence of

tender point pain.

A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is

broken and protruding through the skin

Individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk for developing numerous complications of various organs because of

immune injury to basement membranes.

The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves

inadequate mineralization in the osteoid.

Most muscle strains are caused by

abnormal muscle contraction.

What type of fracture generally occurs in children?

Greenstick

The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves

immune cells accumulating in pannus and destroying articular cartilage.

The chief pathologic features of osteoarthritis are

degeneration of articular cartilage, destruction of the bone under the cartilage, and thickening of the synovium.

Leakage of CSF from the nose or ears is commonly associated with

basilar skull fracture.

A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

The first indication of brain compression from increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) may be

sluggish pupil response to light.

Which neurologic disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Intracranial pressure normally ranges from ______ mm Hg.

0 to 15

In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily because of

estrogen deficiency.

The stroke etiology with the highest morbidity and mortality is

intracranial hemorrhage.

The gate control theory of pain transmission predicts that activity in touch receptors will

decrease pain signal transmission in the spinal cord.

The physiologic mechanisms involved in the pain phenomenon are termed

nociception.

Referred pain may be perceived at some distance from the area of tissue injury, but generally felt

within the same dermatome.

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

An example of inappropriate treatment for head trauma would be

hypoventilation.

The ________ is the level of painful stimulation required to be perceived.Group of answer choices

threshold

A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage.

3

Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of

vitamin D.

The disorders characterized by softening and then enlargement of bones is referred to as

Paget disease.

“Tell me again the name of that chemical that makes crystals when my gout flares up,” asks the client. The nurse’s best response is

uric acid.

The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is

bone pain.

Prosthetic joint infection is most often because of

hematogenous transfer.

A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)

osteosarcoma.

The most common site affected in Paget’s disease is the

lower spine.

Inflammation of the sacs that overlie bony prominences is called

bursitis.

Systemic disorders include

rheumatoid arthritis.

The disease that is similar to osteomalacia and occurs in growing children is

rickets.

Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by

hypertension and bradycardia.

Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of

Parkinson disease.

Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning?

Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response

The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including

deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain.

Cerebral aneurysm is most frequently the result of

subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, because

demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms.