front 1 concentration gradient | back 1 the way molec. are distributed and causes net movement |
front 2 dynamic equillibrium | back 2 net movement stops but movement of molecules in both directions continues |
front 3 homeostasis | back 3 active maintenance of a stable environment w/ in cells |
front 4 passive transport | back 4 occurs when molecules move across membrane by diffusion |
front 5 simple diffusion | back 5 cell does not need to expand any energy to take in or remove substances, only works from high to low concentrations |
front 6 facilitated diffusion | back 6 diffusion across cell membrane through a transport protein, molec. moves through transport protein in cell membrane |
front 7 channel protein | back 7 first type, provides opening between inside and outside of the cell only certain molec. can pass depending on shape and charge |
front 8 carrier protein | back 8 2nd type, binds to and then transports specific molec. across the cell membrane |
front 9 aquaporins | back 9 water channels that allow water to enter or exit the cell by facilitated diffusion |
front 10 active transport | back 10 low to high movements of substances against concentration gradient |
front 11 primary active transport | back 11 cells use ATP directly to move molec. across the cell membrane |
front 12 secondary active transport | back 12 cells use ATP indirectly to move molec. across the cell membrane |
front 13 exocytosis | back 13 process of vesicle fusing w/ cell membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular space |
front 14 endocytosis | back 14 process when vesicle buds off from the cell membrane toward the cell interior, enclosing material from outside the cell and bringing it onto the cell |
front 15 solutes | back 15 dissolved substances |
front 16 solvent | back 16 liquid substances that dissolve solutes |
front 17 molarity(molar concentration) | back 17 concentration of a solute in a solution |
front 18 permeable | back 18 membrane allows water or solutes to diffuse through it |
front 19 impermeable | back 19 blocks diffusion of water and solutes entirely |
front 20 slectively permeable | back 20 allows the movement of some molec. but not others |
front 21 osmosis | back 21 movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane in response to difference in solute concentration |
front 22 water potential | back 22 describes all chemical and physical forces that affect the movement of water (osmosis, pressure, and gravity) |
front 23 osmotic pressure | back 23 tendency of water to move from one solution into another by osmosis |
front 24 hydrostatic presssure | back 24 pressure that gravity exerts on the solution |
front 25 tonicity | back 25 describes osmotic pressure and direction of water movement (how strongly water is pulled into one solution compare to another) |
front 26 hypertonic | back 26 higher solute concentration than another solution |
front 27 hypotonic | back 27 lower concentration than another concetration |
front 28 isotonic | back 28 same concentration as another solution |
front 29 contractile vacuoles | back 29 organelles that take up excess water from inside the cell and by contraction expel it onto external envrionment |
front 30 turgor pressure | back 30 force exerted by water pressing against object |
front 31 water potential | back 31 measure of all factors that influence the movement of water (potential energy of water compared to reference) |
front 32 pressure potential | back 32 effect of pressure on movement of water |
front 33 solute potential | back 33 effect of solutes on movement of water |
front 34 osmoregulation | back 34 regulation of osmotic pressure inside cells and organisms |
front 35 oscomoconformers | back 35 animals that keep internal fluids at the same osmotic pressure as surrounding environment |
front 36 osmoregulators | back 36 expend considerable energy pumping ions across cell membranes to regulate the movement of water into and out of bodies |