front 1 A postpartum patient who has had a vaginal birth asks the nurse I was wondering of my cervix will return to its previous shape before I had the baby | back 1 The cervix will now have a slit-like shape |
front 2 A patient who is 6 months pregnant has sought medical attention saying she fell down the stairs which scenario would cause an emergency department nurse to suspect that the woman has been battered | back 2 The woman has injuries on various parts of her body that are in different stages of healing |
front 3 The nurse is reviewing the principles of family centered care with primiparous patient which patient statement | back 3 Because childbirth is normal after my baby's birth our family dynamics will not change |
front 4 The nurse in labor and birth is caring for a Muslim patient during the active phase of labor the nurse notes that the patient quickly draws away when touched which intervention should the nurse implement | back 4 Limit touching to a minimum because physical contact may not be acceptable in her culture |
front 5 The clinic nurse is reviewing breastfeeding with a pregnant patient which hormone will the nurse explain is responsible for milk production after the birth of the placenta | back 5 Prolactin |
front 6 A patient tells the nurse at a prenatal interview that she has quit smoking and only has one glass of wine with dinner which response by the nurse will be most helpful in promoting a lifestyle change | back 6 You have made some good progress toward having s healthy baby lets talk about the changes you have made |
front 7 A 35 year old patient has an amniocentesis performed to identify whether her baby has a chromosomal defect which statement indicates that the patient understands the situation | back 7 “When all the lab results come back, my husband and I will make a decision about the pregnancy.” |
front 8 The patient indicates to the clinic nurse that she is trying to become pregnant the clinic nurse reviews the patient's chart and notes the following laboratory values: Blood type 0- RPR nonreactive, rubella non-immune HCT 35% which laboratory value is most concerning to the nurse | back 8 Rubella non-immune |
front 9 One of the assessments performed in the birth room is checking the umbilical cord for blood vessels which finding is considered to be within normal limits | back 9 Two arteries and one vein |
front 10 The nurse is conducting a staff in-service on multifetal pregnancy which statement regarding dizygotic twin development should the nurse include in the teaching session | back 10 Dizygotic twins arise from two fertilized ova and may be the same sex or different sexes. |
front 11 The nurse is explaining the function of the placenta to a pregnant patient which statement indicates to the nurse that further clarification is necessary | back 11 The placenta helps maintain a stable temperature for my baby |
front 12 An expectant mother says to the nurse, “When my sister’s baby was born, it was covered in a cheese-like coating. What is the purpose of this coating?” The correct response by the nurse is to explain that the purpose of vernix caseosa is to | back 12 Protect the fetal skin from the amniotic fluid |
front 13 A pregnant patient asks the nurse how her baby gets oxygen to breathe. What is the nurse’s best response? | back 13 Oxygen-rich blood is delivered through the umbilical vein to the baby.” |
front 14 During vital sign assessment of a pregnant patient in her third trimester, the patient complains of feeling faint, dizzy, and agitated. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? | back 14 Have the patient turn to her left side and recheck her blood pressure in 5 minutes. |
front 15 A pregnant woman notices that she is beginning to develop dark skin patches on her face. She denies using any different types of facial products as a cleansing solution or makeup. What would the priority nursing intervention be in response to this situation? | back 15 Let the patient know that this is a common finding that occurs during pregnancy. |
front 16 While providing education to a primiparous patient regarding the normal changes of pregnancy, what is an important information for the nurse to share regarding Braxton Hicks contractions? | back 16 These occur throughout pregnancy, but you may not feel them until the third trimester. |
front 17 Physiologic anemia often occurs during pregnancy due to | back 17 dilution of hemoglobin concentration |
front 18 Which comment made by a patient in her first trimester indicates ambivalent feelings? | back 18 “I wanted to become pregnant, but I’m scared about being a mother.” |
front 19 An expectant patient in her third trimester reports that she developed a strong tie to her baby from the beginning and now is really in tune to her baby’s temperament. The nurse interprets this as the development of which maternal task of pregnancy? | back 19 Developing attachment with the baby |
front 20 The patient has just learned that she is pregnant and overhears the gynecologist saying that she has a positive Chadwick’s sign. When the patient asks the nurse what this means, how would the nurse respond? | back 20 This sign occurs normally in pregnancy, when estrogen causes increased blood flow in the area of the cervix.” |
front 21 An expected change during pregnancy is a darkly pigmented vertical mid abdominal line the nurse recognizes this alteration as | back 21 linea nigra. |
front 22 Which finding is a positive sign of pregnancy? | back 22 Visualization of fetus by ultrasound |
front 23 Which advice to the patient is one of the most effective methods for preventing venous stasis? | back 23 Rest often with the feet elevated. |
front 24 A gravida 1 patient at 32 weeks of gestation reports that she has severe lower back pain. What should the nurse’s assessment include | back 24 Observation of posture and body mechanics |
front 25 When documenting a patient encounter, which term will the nurse use to describe the woman who is in the 28th week of her first pregnancy? | back 25 Primigravida |
front 26 Determine the obstetric history of a patient in her fifth pregnancy who has had two spontaneous abortions in the first trimester, one gestation, and one infant at 38 weeks’ gestation. | back 26 G5 T1 P1 A2 L2 |
front 27 The nurse is scheduling the next appointment for a healthy primigravida currently at 28 weeks gestation. When will the nurse schedule the next prenatal visit? | back 27 2 weeks |
front 28 Which type of cutaneous stimulation involves massage of the abdomen | back 28 Effleurage |
front 29 Which patient would require additional calories and nutrients? | back 29 A 20-year-old female who had a vaginal birth 5 months ago and is breastfeeding |
front 30 Which effect is a common response to both smoking and cocaine use in the pregnant patient? | back 30 vasoconstriction |
front 31 What does a birth plan help the parents accomplish? | back 31 Taking an active part in planning the birth experience |
front 32 When explaining the recommended weight gain to your patient, the nurse’s teaching should include which statement? | back 32 “Weight gain in pregnancy is based on the patient’s prepregnant body mass index.” |
front 33 Uncontrolled maternal hyperventilation during labor results in | back 33 respiratory alkalosis. |
front 34 A pregnant patient asks the nurse if she can double her prenatal vitamin dose because she does not like to eat vegetables. What is the nurse’s response regarding the danger of taking excessive vitamins? | back 34 Has toxic effects on the fetus |
front 35 Which technique would provide the best pain relief for a pregnant woman with an occiput posterior position? | back 35 Sacral pressure |
front 36 Which fetal position may cause the laboring patient increased back discomfort? | back 36 Left occiput posterior |
front 37 Which physiologic event is the key indicator of the commencement of true labor? | back 37 Cervical dilation and effacement |
front 38 To improve placental blood flow immediately after the injection of an epidural anesthetic, the nurse should | back 38 place a wedge under the woman’s right hip. |
front 39 The clinic nurse is reviewing charts on prenatal patients. Which patient histories indicate that a referral to a genetic counselor is warranted? (SATA) | back 39 A family history of unexplained stillbirths A patient with a family history of birth defects A patient who is a carrier of an X-linked disorder |
front 40 A nurse is conducting prenatal education classes for a group of expectant parents. Which information should the nurse include in her discussion of the purpose of amniotic fluid?(SATA) | back 40 Cushions the fetus Allows for buoyancy for fetal movement Maintains a stable temperature for the fetus |
front 41 Which clinical finding should the nurse expect to assess in the third stage of labor that indicates the placenta has separated from the uterine wall?(SATA) | back 41 A gush of blood appears. The uterus rises upward in the abdomen. The cord descends further from the vagina. |
front 42 The United States ranks poorly in terms of worldwide infant mortality rates. Which factor has the greatest impact on decreasing the mortality rate of infants? | back 42 Ensuring early and adequate prenatal care |
front 43 Which patient will most likely seek prenatal care? | back 43 A 20-year-old who is in her first pregnancy and has access to a free prenatal clinic |
front 44 With regard to an obstetric litigation case, a nurse working in labor and birth is found to be negligent. Which intervention performed by the nurse indicates that a breach of duty has occurred? | back 44 The nurse did not document fetal heart tones (FHR) during the second stage of labor. |
front 45 A nurse is working in the area of labor and birth. Her assignment is to take care of a gravida 1 para 0 woman who presents in early labor at term. Vaginal exam reflects the following: 2 cm, cervix posterior, –1 station, and vertex with membranes intact. The patient asks the nurse if she can break her water so that her labor can go faster. The nurse’s response, based on the ethical principle of nonmaleficence, is which of the following? | back 45 Instruct the patient that only a physician or certified midwife can perform this procedure |
front 46 A pregnant client tells the nurse that she is worried about the blotchy,brownish coloring over her cheeks,nose and forehead the nurse can reassure the client that is normal condition related to hormonal change, commonly called the mask of pregnancy or significantly known as | back 46 Chloasma (melasma) |
front 47 A pregnant patient is admitted to the hospital for hyperemesis the provider orders intravenous fluid hydration with 1 L of lactated ringers every eight hours with a 250 mL bolus over 30 minutes the nurse should infuse the first 250 mL at how many drops per minute using a 10gtt/mL drop factor | back 47 83 gtt/min |
front 48 The nurse encourages this patient more of which food in order to increase calcium intake | back 48 Canned sardines |
front 49 The nurse is providing care for the laboring woman should understand that the fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations can be caused by (SATA) | back 49 Altered fetal cerebral blood flow Umbilical cord compression Uteroplacental insufficiency |
front 50 The diagnosis of pregnancy is based on which positive signs of pregnancy (SATA) | back 50 Identification of fetal heartbeat Visualization of the fetus Verification of fetal movement |
front 51 A patient just moved to the United States from Central America she is 3 months pregnant and has arrived for her first prenatal visit during the assessment interview the nurse discovers that she has not had any immunizations which immunizations should she receive at this stage (SATA) | back 51 Tetanus Diptheria Hepatitis B |
front 52 Signs that precede labor include (SATA) | back 52 Lightening bloody show rupture of membranes |
front 53 A pregnant patient is seen in the prenatal clinic and has the following obstetrical history one was born at 39 weeks of gestation twins were born at 34 weeks of gestation and another child was born at 35 weeks of gestation and all alive and well one miscarriage at 18 weeks what is gravidity and parity using the GTPAL | back 53 4-1-2-1-4 |
front 54 When teaching a patient about structure and function of the placenta which information should the nurse include | back 54 As one of its early functions the placenta acts as an endocrine gland |
front 55 A pregnant patient at 18 weeks of gestation calls the clinic to report experiencing occasional backaches of mild to moderate intensity the nurse recommends which action | back 55 Pelvic rock exercises |
front 56 Assessment of a pregnant patients nutritional status includes a diet history medication regimen physical examination and relevant laboratory tests what should a maternity nurse performing such an assessment consider | back 56 Illnesses that have created nutritional deficits such as phenylketonuria may require nutritional care before conception |
front 57 When working with pregnant clients of various cultures, a nurse practitioner has observed various practices that seem strange or unusual and has learned that cultural rituals and practices during pregnancy seem to have one purpose in common. Which statement best describes that purpose? | back 57 To promote healthy habits during pregnancy |
front 58 What are the components of the umbilical cord? | back 58 Two arteries one vein Wharton's jelly |
front 59 The doctor writes an order for vancomycin 1 g to be given over 120 minutes. The pharmacy sends up vancomycin 250 mL. What rate should be infusion pump be set at? | back 59 125 |
front 60 Determine the infusion time for 1500 mL of D5W at a rate of 10 mL/hr. | back 60 150 |
front 61 A pregnant client is admitted to the hospital for dehydration. The physician orders 1000 mL D5 1/2 NS to run over six hours via a micro drip infusion set tubing. Calculate the flow rate in gtt/min. | back 61 167 |
front 62 The physician orders Solu-Medrol 125 mg IM to be given at 10am. The nursery constitutes 250 mg with 5 mL bacteriostatic water. How many mL should be drawn up and administered? | back 62 2.5 |
front 63 A client arrives at the clinic for a pregnancy test. The last menstrual period was December 2016 when is the expected date of birth? ** | back 63 September 28 2017 |
front 64 How does the client's family most impact the maternity nurse? | back 64 Family culture and structure will influence nursing care decisions |
front 65 ____ use/abuse during pregnancy causes vasoconstriction and
decreased | back 65 Tobacco |
front 66 Sexual assault is best described by which phrase? | back 66 Act of force in which an unwanted and uncomfortable sexual act occurs |
front 67 A nurse should be aware that a partner's main role in pregnancy is which action? | back 67 Support and nurture the pregnant woman |
front 68 Identify the term that describes maternity nursing care that is based
on | back 68 Evidence-based practices |
front 69 .What is an unexpected negative occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury? | back 69 A sentinel event |
front 70 The nurse who provides preconception care implements which concept? | back 70 Could include interventions to reduce substance use and abuse |
front 71 A first time mother at 18 weeks of gestation is in for a regularly
scheduled | back 71 This type of contraction is painless |
front 72 The nurse should include which in the patient's teaching regarding weight gain during pregnancy? | back 72 Pregnant patients with inadequate weight gain have an increased risk
of |
front 73 .A nurse is assessing a client during her first prenatal visit to the clinic. The nurse takes the client's temperature: 100.2°F. Which of the following actions on the part of the nurse is appropriate? | back 73 Obtain an order for antibiotics |
front 74 Which are positive signs of pregnancy? | back 74 Determined by ultrasound |
front 75 .A pregnant patient is at 22 weeks of gestation. The nurse expects to palpate the fundus at which level? | back 75 Slightly above the umbilicus |
front 76 A woman in week 34 of pregnancy reports that she is very
uncomfortable | back 76 Eat five small meals a day |
front 77 The nurse has received a report about a woman in labor the woman's last vaginal examination was recorded as 3cm 50% and -2 the nurse's interpretation is that | back 77 The cervix is 3 cm dilated, it is effaced 50%, and the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spine |
front 78 A woman in labor has just received an epidural block. The most important nursing Intervention is to: | back 78 Monitor the maternal blood pressure for possible hypotension |
front 79 .A woman can expect to experience what change with pregnancy? | back 79 Will have increased lordosis |
front 80 During the first trimester a woman can expect which change in sexual desire? | back 80 Decrease, because of nausea and fatigue |
front 81 .Which statement about pregnancy is accurate? | back 81 A normal pregnancy lasts about 10 lunar months |
front 82 Identify the term that describes when the fetus begins to descend and drop into the pelvis. | back 82 Lightening |
front 83 The nurse is collecting data from a client who is 32 weeks gestation. The nurse measures the fundal height in centimeters and expects the findings to be which height? | back 83 32 cm |
front 84 .A pregnant client calls the nurse at the providers office and reports that she has noticed a thin, colorless, vaginal drainage. Which information would be best for the nurse to provide to the client | back 84 The vaginal discharge may be bothersome but it is a normal occurrence |
front 85 The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurses instructions if she states that a presumptive sign of pregnancy is: | back 85 Fetal movement palpated by the nurse midwife |
front 86 .Due to the musculoskeletal system adaptation to the changes that occur during pregnancy, which is the highest risk potential? | back 86 Falls |
front 87 A woman's obstetric history states that she is currently pregnant. She also states she has a 5-year-old twins at home was born at 38 weeks of gestation, one baby was born at 36 weeks gestation, and another child was born at 30 weeks gestation. She also had 1 miscarriage at 19 weeks. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system? Page 170 A.G3-T1-P1-A1-L3 | back 87 G5-T1-P2-A1-L4 |
front 88 The same female states he last menstrual period (LMP) began on October 8, 2017. Using her (LMP) what is her estimated date of delivery (EDD)? | back 88 July 15, 2018 |
front 89 A patient is 26 weeks pregnant. She needs NS to start @ 12 midnight. The doctor order is 1000ml NS to run for 8 hours. The nurse uses a drop factor of 60 gtt/minute. How many gtt/minute would she receive? Round off to the nearest whole number. | back 89 125 gtt/min |
front 90 Which blood pressure (BP) finding during the second trimester indicates a risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension? | back 90 Baseline BP 108/72, current BP 139 /88 |
front 91 A pregnant multigravida female states that her grandmother told her that the round shape of her abdomen indicates that she will be having a male child. Although the nurse may not be able to confirm this information, at what gestation age may a sonogram identity external genitalia? | back 91 16 weeks gestation |
front 92 A 21-year-old female states that she might be 16 weeks pregnant. The nurse knows that there are the presumptive, probable and positive signs of pregnancy. Which of the following is the presumptive sign of pregnancy? | back 92 "I can't keep any food down especially in the morning" |
front 93 Nurse intervention and implementation (such as skin-to-skin with baby and mother after birth improves thermoregulation) that has been research and validated is considered which of the following? | back 93 Evidence Based Practice |
front 94 A 27-year-old pregnant woman had a pre-conceptual body mass index (BMI) of 18.0. The nurse knows that this woman's total recommended weight gain during pregnancy should be at most: | back 94 16 kg (35 Ibs). |
front 95 Prenatal testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is recommended for which pregnant women? | back 95 All women, regardless of risk factors |
front 96 With regard to the initial visit with a patient who is beginning prenatal care, nurses should be aware that: | back 96 Nurses should be alert to the appearance of potential parenting problems such as depression or lack of family support. |
front 97 With regard to the position of the laboring woman, maternity nurses should be able to tell the woman that: | back 97 Frequent changes in position will help relieve her fatigue and increase her comfort |
front 98 In her prenatal care the mother was given azithromycin (Zithromax). The medication was given for a positive Chlamydia result. The MD orders 1000 mg tablet of the medication to be taken once. Each capsule is 250 mg. The nurse knows that the total amount of the tablet/s | back 98 4 |
front 99 The two primary areas of risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are: | back 99 Risky sexual behaviors and inadequate preventive health behaviors. |
front 100 The nurse has received a report about a woman in labor. The woman's last vaginal examination was recorded as 9 cm, 80%, and +3 (9/80/+3). The nurse's interpretation of this assessment is that: | back 100 The cervix is dilated 9 cm, it is effaced 80%, and the presenting part is 3 cm below the ischial spines. |
front 101 A 30-year-old mother is 27 week pregnant. This is her first appointment in the prenatal clinic. This mother is concerned about immunization during pregnancy. Which information provided by the nurse is CORRECT? | back 101 Tetanus vaccine is recommended during pregnancy |
front 102 A 21-year prima gravida mother is in labor. She is in the 2nd stage of labor. The nurse is teaching a new nurse about the stages of labor. The nurse knows that the new nurse needs additional teaching if she states which of the following: | back 102 The 2nd stage of labor start after the placenta is delivered |
front 103 With regard to the structure and function of the placenta, the maternity nurse should be aware that: | back 103 As one of its early functions, the placenta acts as an endocrine gland. |
front 104 A 22-year-old mother is 39 weeks pregnant and is in labor but is having problem with delivery. The anesthesiology speaks to the mother about pain management during labor. What information about general anesthesia is INCORRECT? | back 104 General anesthesia is widely used for vaginal delivery |
front 105 A woman is at 23 weeks of gestation. The nurse would expect to palpate the fundus at which level | back 105 Slightly above the umbilicus |
front 106 A woman in labor has just received an epidural block. The most important nursing intervention is to | back 106 Monitor the maternal blood pressure for possible hypotension |
front 107 With regard to fetal positioning during labor, nurses should be aware that: | back 107 Birth is imminent when the presenting part is at +4 to +5 cm, below the spine |
front 108 In her work with pregnant women of various cultures, a nurse practitioner has observed various practices that seemed strange or unusual. She has learned that cultural rituals and practices during pregnancy seem to have one purpose in common. Which statement best describes that purpose? | back 108 To protect the mother and fetus during pregnancy |
front 109 A patient needs to be started on D5RL post- cesarean surgery. Dr. Mann orders D5RL (Dextrose 5 with Ringer's Lactate) continuous at 125ml/hour. The nurse hangs 1000 ml of the IVF. How long will the 1000 ml last? | back 109 8 |
front 110 A hospital is investigating report of a sentinel event to prevent such situation from occurring. Based on the nurse's knowledge of sentinel event which of the following would be classified as sentinel event? | back 110 A healthy 43 year old female developed DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) after giving birth vaginally to a preterm baby girl at 39 weeks gestation |
front 111 A woman is in her seventh month of pregnancy. She has been complaining of nasal congestion and occasional epistaxis. The nurse suspects that: | back 111 This is a normal respiratory change in pregnancy caused by elevated levels of estrogen. |
front 112 To reassure and educate pregnant patients about the functioning of their kidneys in eliminating waste products, maternity nurses should be aware that: | back 112 Increased bladder sensitivity and then compression of the bladder by the enlarging uterus results in the urge to urinate even if the bladder is almost empty. |
front 113 With regard to work and travel during pregnancy, nurses should be aware that: | back 113 While working or traveling in a car or on a plane, women should arrange to walk around at least every hour or so. |
front 114 Which statement about multifetal pregnancy is NOT accurate? | back 114 Twin pregnancies come to term with the same frequency as single pregnancies. |
front 115 Which time-based description of a stage of development in pregnancy is accurate? | back 115 Postdate-pregnancy that extends beyond 42 weeks |
front 116 To help a woman reduce the severity of nausea caused by morning sickness, the nurse might suggest that she: | back 116 Try a tart food or drink such as lemonade or salty foods such as potato chips. |
front 117 The phenomenon of someone other than the mother-to-be experiencing pregnancy-like symptoms such as nausea and weight gain applies to the: | back 117 Expectant father. |
front 118 To assess the health of the mother accurately during labor, the nurse should be aware that: | back 118 The endogenous endorphins released during labor will raise the woman's pain threshold and production |
front 119 The health care facility is training its staff about cultural sensitivity. Which of the following Does NOT promote cultural sensitivity? | back 119 inform the patient mother's that she cannot pray in the delivery room |
front 120 The factors that affect the process of labor and birth, known commonly as the five Ps, include all except: | back 120 Palpation |
front 121 A 20 years old is 30 weeks pregnant as a result of sexual assault. The nurse explains to the patient about sexual assault. Which of the following is INCORRECT about sexual assault | back 121 Patients are always ready to report the perpetrator of sexual assault |
front 122 A 31 year old is 29-week gestation. She complains of difficulty in ambulation. The nurse knows that because of the shift in musculoskeletal system, the nurse should include which of the following in the care plan? | back 122 High Risk for fall |
front 123 During the first trimester a woman can expect which of the following changes in her sexual desire? | back 123 A decrease, because of nausea and fatigue |
front 124 100.9 degree Fahrenheit. The order Acetaminophen 650 mg orally every 4 hours as needed for temperature over 100.4 degree Fahrenheit. The medication is available in 325mg tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? | back 124 2 |
front 125 A pregnant woman at 25 weeks of gestation tells the nurse that she dropped a pan last week and her baby jumped at the noise. Which response by the nurse is most accurate? | back 125 "Babies respond to sound starting at about 24 weeks of gestation. |
front 126 . A pregnant woman's diet history indicates that she likes the following list of foods. The nurse would encourage this woman to consume more of which food to increase her calcium intake? | back 126 Kale |
front 127 . With regard to medications, herbs, shots, and other substances normally encountered, the maternity nurse should be aware that: | back 127 Both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs that otherwise are harmless can be made hazardous by metabolic deficiencies of the fetus. |
front 128 What represents a typical progression through the phases of a woman's establishing a relationship with the fetus? | back 128 I am pregnant." -"I am going to have a baby."-"I am going to be a mother. |
front 129 A 25-year-old female tells the nurse that she has difficult with getting pregnancy so she wants to know what she can do. After the interview, the necessary lab tests were taken and physical examination was, the nurse begins her preconception teaching. Which of the following should be included in the teaching? | back 129 It is important to take folic acid to reduce neural tube deficit Avoid alcohol and "recreational" drug abuse Avoid behaviors that that will put her at high risk for Sexual Transmitted Disease(STD) |
front 130 The nurse is teaching a new mother about the function of the placenta. Which of the following are the functions of the placenta. (Choose all that applies) | back 130 It supplies the baby with oxygen It supplies the fetus with nutrient |
front 131 The nurse who is evaluating the woman for potential abuse should be aware that intimate partner violence includes (choose all that apply) | back 131 Physical abuse Sexual abuse Emotional abuse Psychological abuse |
front 132 Some non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief may include which of the following. | back 132 Water therapy Music Therapy Heat and cold application |
front 133 Most women with uncomplicated pregnancies can use the nurse as their primary source for nutritional information. The nurse or midwife should refer a patient to a registered dietitian for in depth nutritional counseling when which of the following exist(s)? (Choose all that apply.) | back 133 Preexisting or gestational illness such as diabetes Ethnic or cultural food patterns Vegetarian diets |