Which of the following explains why a country with a high physiological density (e.g., Japan, Egypt, or the Netherlands) risks exceeding its carrying capacity?

The population places a large amount of pressure on the arable land to produce enough food without risking severe environmental degradation.

The increasing percentage of urban dwellers in more-developed countries is best explained by

greater access to job opportunities, resources, and facilities

Which of the following best describes a country with a rate of natural increase of 0.4 ?

Slow population growth

In many less developed countries, only a small percentage of school-aged youth attend school regularly. In some cases, fewer females than males are enrolled in schools. Which of the following patterns is a concern in less developed countries with low school enrollment?

A lack of qualified males and females to develop a workforce that will improve economic growth

Which of the following types of countries are most likely challenged with the problems associated with a large youth-dependent population, such as providing public primary education for all children?

Less developed countries

The low birth and death rates for a country in stage 4 of the demographic transition model are best explained by

the level of urbanization and technological advancement of a more developed country

Which of the following explains the pattern of growth in City B relative to City A?

City B is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City A is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration.

Based on the graph, predicted population growth in which of the following regions is explained by a high total fertility rate?

Africa

Based on the data shown, which of the following describes the most likely population context for the countries listed?

Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates

Which of the following countries is best described as being at Stage 3 of the demographic transition model?

Bolivia: birth rate = 24 , death rate = 7

Which of the following describes the most likely cause of death for a citizen of a country in stages 4 and 5 of the demographic transition model?

Degenerative diseases due to old age and lifestyle

Which of the following best explains why, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Thomas Malthus proposed his population theory?

Malthus theorized that, if left unchecked by regular cycles of famine and misery, population would increase beyond the ability to feed itself.

In the early part of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, Thomas Malthus developed a theory that population increases exponentially, while food production can increase only arithmetically. Which of the following statements best explains how the Industrial Revolution reduced the threats forecast by Malthus?

The resulting rural-to-urban migration for jobs in factories led to a decline in birth rates and lowered population growth rates below what Malthus predicted.

In which of the following contexts could a neo-Malthusian perspective most successfully explain population characteristics?

A country with a high rate of natural population increase, where food supplies are at risk

Based on the data provided, which of the following best describes how changing roles for women influence patterns of social values?

Higher birth rates in African countries suggest that women in African countries have less access to education and employment than European women.

The data in the table can be used to describe a high level of female empowerment for which of the following countries?

France

Which of the following describes the spatial pattern shown in the map of total fertility rates?

The lowest total fertility rates are shown in Europe, Russia, East Asia, Australia, and Canada.

Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of China’s antinatalist one-child policy?

A projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost of living for older people.

Which of the following country demographics would be used to explain the need for the pronatalist policies shown?

A country with a birth rate of 11, a death rate of 13, and a rate of natural increase of −0.2 , legislates tax credits for working parents

X has a high youth-dependency ratio. Country Z has fears of running out of agricultural resources. Which of the following explains why Countries X and Z would implement anti-natalist policies?

Antinatalist policies promote family planning and education of women to reduce fertility rates.

Which of the following describes a concern for a country with an aging population?

As the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs that provide services to the older population.

Country A is a more developed country with a low birth rate, a low total fertility rate, a high life expectancy, and a high percentage of urban population. Based on this information, which of the following outcomes is most likely to occur in Country A?

Pressures on pension and social security programs are at critical levels as the number of elderly increases.

Which of the following would be most likely to increase life expectancy in a less developed country, resulting in an aging population in that country?

Improvements in access to health care and sanitation