front 1 The specialized area of biology that deals with organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye - microorganisms or microbes - germs, viruses, or agents - "bugs" | back 1 Microbiology |
front 2 Three cellular types of microorganisms | back 2 Bacteria Archaea Eukarya |
front 3 Two types of microorganisms that are not cells at all (acellular) | back 3 Viruses Prions |
front 4 Dependent on host cells for their activity and reproduction | back 4 Viruses |
front 5 Folded proteins that act like infectious particles | back 5 Prions |
front 6 - Branch deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals - Researchers examine factors that make the microbes cause disease and mechanisms for inhibiting them | back 6 Medical Microbiology |
front 7 - Branches monitor and control health and the spread of diseases in communities - USPHS (US Public Heath Service) - CDC (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention) - WHO (World Health Organization) | back 7 Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology |
front 8 - Branch studies complex web of protective substances and cells produced in response to infection - Included diverse areas such as vaccination, blood testing, and allergy - Investigate the role of the immune system in cancer and autoimmune diseases | back 8 Immunology |
front 9 - Branch safeguards our food and water, and also included biotechnology, the use of microbial metabolism to arrive at a desired product, ranging from bread making to gene therapy | back 9 Industrial Microbiology |
front 10 - Branch is concerned with the relationships between microbes and domesticated plants and animals - Plant specialists focus on plant diseases, soil fertility, and nutritional interactions - Animal specialists work with infectious diseases and other associations animals have with microorganisms | back 10 Agricultural Microbiology |
front 11 Study the effect of microbes on the earths diverse habitats | back 11 Environmental Microbiology |
front 12 Bacteria are ________. They are found: - deep in the earth's crust - polar ice caps - oceans - inside the bodies of plants and animals | back 12 Ubiquitous |
front 13 Bacteria invented photosynthesis long before the first plants appeared in this process that did not produce oxygen; later evolved into oxygenic photosynthesis | back 13 Anoxygenic Photosynthesis |
front 14 - breakdown of dead matter and wastes - accomplished by bacteria and fungi | back 14 Decomposition |
front 15 Discovery made through experience, not planned experimentation | back 15 Empirical |
front 16 Manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting | back 16 Biotechnology |
front 17 Area of biotechnology that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) | back 17 Genetic Engineering |
front 18 - Techniques that allow the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another and deliberately alter DNA - Deliberately modifies the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products, microbes, animals, plants, and viruses | back 18 Recombinant DNA Technology |
front 19 - Introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants - Decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes or consortia of microbes | back 19 Bioremediation |
front 20 Any agent such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth that causes disease; nearly 2,000 different microbes can cause disease | back 20 Pathogen |
front 21 - Kills between 700,000 - 1.2 million people every year - Transmitted by mosquitoes - Prevention of infection is thought he use of bed nets, which although inexpensive, are too expensive for poor families | back 21 Malaria |
front 22 - About 10x smaller than eukaryotic cells - Lack organelles - Single-celled | back 22 Bacterial and Archaeal cells |
front 23 - Not microorganisms but are included in the study of infectious disease - They are transmitted similarly to bacterial diseases - The human body responds to them in the same way as it responds to bacterial diseases | back 23 Helminths (worms) |
front 24 - Harbored and nourished by the host - Cause damage and disease in the host | back 24 Parasites |
front 25 First observations of microbes in the 1600s | back 25 Robert Hooke |
front 26 - Made a crude microscope to examine threads in fabrics - Made drawings of what he called "animalcules" in rainwater and scraped from his teeth | back 26 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
front 27 - Found that microbes in the dust and air have high heat resistance | back 27 John Tyndall |
front 28 - Discovered and described bacterial endospores | back 28 Ferdinand Cohn |
front 29 - Linked a specific microorganism with a specific disease - Established a series of proofs that verified the germ theory of disease | back 29 Robert Koch |
front 30 Showed that women became infected in the maternity ward after examinations by physicians who had been working in the autopsy rooms | back 30 Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis |
front 31 - First to utilize hand washing and misting operating rooms with
antiseptic chemicals | back 31 Joseph Lister |
front 32 - Invented pasteurization - Showed that human diseases could arise from infection - Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of living organisms from "vital forces" in the air | back 32 Louis Pasteur |
front 33 Attempts to orderly arrangement of organisms into taxa | back 33 Classification |
front 34 The process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms so
they can be recognized and placed in a | back 34 Identification |