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32 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Critical Thinking

front 1

1/ Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the availability heuristic?

  1. A) A voter bases their decision primarily on a candidate's political party affiliation.
  2. B) A person estimates the divorce rate is over 50% after seeing divorces discussed frequently on social media posts.
  3. C) A manager anchors on an employee's first performance review when deciding on a promotion.
  4. D) A doctor makes a diagnosis based on recent patients with similar symptoms.

back 1

B

front 2

2/ When we reason, we use our knowledge about one or more related statements that we can reasonably believe are true to determine if another statement is true. What is this process called?

  1. A) Inference
  2. B) Conclusion
  3. C) Critical thinking
  4. D) Premises

back 2

A

front 3

3/ How can the representativeness heuristic lead to errors in judgment?

  1. A) By neglecting base rate information
  2. B) Through reliance on anchoring
  3. C) Because of framing effects
  4. D) Due to confirmation bias

back 3

A

front 4

4/ Anchoring and adjustment often impacts decisions because:

  1. A) People anchor on irrelevant information
  2. B) The anchor point is treated as the only outcome
  3. C) Adjustment from the anchor is typically insufficient
  4. D) People only adjust down, not up, from the anchor

back 4

C

front 5

5/ Which of these can help mitigate decision biases?

  1. A) Using positive framing on options
  2. B) Consulting objective data sources
  3. C) Relying on confirmation from others
  4. D) Focusing on examples that come to mind

back 5

B

front 6

6/ Which professionals are vulnerable to biases like overconfidence?

  1. A) Investors
  2. B) Engineers
  3. C) Doctors
  4. D) All of the above

back 6

A

front 7

7/ The _______ heuristic could be described as the ability to update an initial impression based off of new information:

  1. Representativeness
  2. Anchoring and Adjusting
  3. Availability
  4. Fallacy

back 7

B

front 8

8/ Fallacy could be described as the mental shortcuts our brains take to operate on new information:

  1. True
  2. False

back 8

B

front 9

9/ Characteristics of the Information Age:

  1. A massive increase in advertising over the span of 30 years
  2. An overabundance of Information
  3. Information is always accurate
  4. Past information is always stagnant and never changes
  5. A & B

back 9

E

front 10

10/ Megan believes that taking vitamin C supplements prevents colds because whenever she takes them she seems to avoid getting sick. This best illustrates:

  1. A) The bias of imaginability
  2. B) The illusion of correlation
  3. C) Confirmation bias
  4. D) Anchoring bias

back 10

B

front 11

11/ Which of these methods would best combat the illusion of correlation?

  1. A) Consulting personal experiences
  2. B) Thinking of memorable examples
  3. C) Gathering statistical data
  4. D) Considering a single recent event

back 11

C

front 12

12/ System 1 thinking can be influenced by the subconscious and Things we would otherwise be unaware of.

  1. True
  2. False

back 12

A

front 13

13/ A False Dilemma involves oversimplifying an issue and presenting a choice between two or more limited options without the recognition of other objects

  1. True
  2. False

back 13

A

front 14

14/ System 2 thinking is more natural, requiring less thought and more reflex:

  1. True
  2. False

back 14

B

front 15

15/ System 1 relies on more complex, well thought out and thorough solutions to solve a problem:

  1. True
  2. False

back 15

B

front 16

  • Which of the following is correct about fallacies?
    1. Something that looks appealing but really isn’t
    2. Something that appeals to emotion
    3. Something that uses persuasion through emotional manipulation to support a conclusion
    4. All of the above

back 16

D

front 17

  • What is the process of inference?
    1. Believing every statement is true
    2. Relying on other people's beliefs
    3. Taking one or more statements that we believe are true to confirm another statement is true
    4. None of the above

back 17

C

front 18

  • When you walk into your first day of class, you decide in your head who to sit by. What heuristic would you subconsciously use to determine this?
    1. Availability
    2. Representativeness
    3. Anchoring
    4. Adjusting

back 18

B

front 19

  • After watching a television show about a plane crash, you become more scared of planes. What heuristic would this represent?
    1. Representativeness
    2. Availability
    3. Anchoring
    4. Adjusting

back 19

B

front 20

  • After a winning football season, it comes to the final game. Luke is going to the final game because he believes they will win after not losing all season. What bias does this represent?
    1. Base rate neglect
    2. Familiarity of information
    3. Bias of imaginability
    4. All of the above

back 20

A

front 21

What is a heuristic?

back 21

a mental shortcut

front 22

Cubs or Cardinals?

back 22

Cardinals

front 23

When we jump to a conclusion about what a person driving a Tesla looks like, we are using what heuristic?

back 23

Representative Heuristic

front 24

What is it called when it seems like you can only pick between option A or B but there are actually other choices?

back 24

False Dilemma fallacy

front 25

What are the two brain systems?

back 25

System 1 is automatic and System 2 is voluntary

front 26

What is a bias?

back 26

When a heuristic is wrong

front 27

How many advertisements do we see a day?

back 27

Up to 10,000

front 28

What is inference?

back 28

Using what we know to determine if another statement is true

front 29

What is critical thinking?

back 29

Using skills or strategies to increase the probability of an outcome

front 30

What bias are you using when you imagine yourself winning the lottery?

back 30

Bias of imaginability

front 31

Watching the Movie "Jaws" and going to the beach, you think a shark attack is going to happen. This is an example of:

A) Representative Heuristic

B) Avaliblity Heurstic

C) Causation

D) The Cubs being shit.

back 31

B

front 32

You hear rumors that the stock market is going down so you choose not to buy stocks because you think it's about to go down. This is an example of the Availability Heuristic.

True or False

back 32

True