front 1 The study and science of mapmaking | back 1 Cartography |
front 2 A set of maps that show features of the physical and human-made environment. | back 2 Reference maps |
front 3 A map that shows the names and boundaries of political geographic unties. Such as states and countries. | back 3 Political map |
front 4 a map that uses shading to show the major landforms (natural features) of a region, country, or world. | back 4 Physical map |
front 5 A map that shows coastlines, cities, and rivers that use contour lines to show elevation differences. | back 5 Topographic map |
front 6 Satellite Map | back 6 A map that shows images from data recorded by satellite sensors and transmitted to earth. |
front 7 Thematic map | back 7 A set of maps that show spatial distribution or patterns over Earth’s surface. |
front 8 A map that uses color shading to represent quantities or values. | back 8 Choropleth map |
front 9 A map that places individual points on a map to show frequency or concentration of a measured criteria. | back 9 Dot-Density Map |
front 10 A map that uses symbols of different sizes placed within an area to show the value or quantity associated with it. | back 10 Graduated Proportional shape map |
front 11 A map that distorts the size and shape of map areas to show a specified data set. | back 11 Cartogram map |
front 12 Map projection | back 12 The scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map. |
front 13 GPS (Global Positioning system) | back 13 GPS receivers on the Earth's surface use the locations of multiple satellites to determine and record a receiver’s exact location. |
front 14 The use of cameras or other sensors mounted on an aircraft or satellites to collect digital images of the earth’s surface. | back 14 Remote Sensing |
front 15 GIS (Geographic Information Systems) | back 15 Computer systems that can store, analyze, and display information from multiple digital maps or geospatial data sets. |
front 16 Online Mapping | back 16 Websites that provide graphical information in the form of maps and databases. |
front 17 Scale of Analysis | back 17 The spatial extant of a variable across the Earth’s surface. |
front 18 Interactions occurring at the scale of the world, in a global setting. | back 18 Global Scale |
front 19 National Scale | back 19 Interactions occurring at the scale of a nation or country, in a national setting. |
front 20 Interactions occurring within a region, in a regional setting. | back 20 Regional Scale |
front 21 A spatial scale that is essentially equivalent to a community. | back 21 Local scale |
front 22 Refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the Earth’s surface. | back 22 Map scale |
front 23 Representative Fraction (RF) | back 23 A ratio or fraction that shows the distances on a map and Earth's surface. |
front 24 Written scale | back 24 A scale that describes the relationship between the map and Earth's distances in words. |
front 25 A scale with a bar line marked to show distances on Earth's surface. | back 25 Graphic Scale |
front 26 Regions united by one or more characteristics. | back 26 Formal Regions |
front 27 Functional (Nodal) Regions | back 27 Regions organized around a focal point (node)and are defined by an activity across the region. |
front 28 Perceptual (vernacular) regions | back 28 Regions defined by an informal sense of place and often relate to one’s cultural identity. |
front 29 The spreading of information, ideas, behaviors, and other aspects of cultural over wide areas. | back 29 Diffusion |
front 30 Relocation Diffusion | back 30 When characteristics or ideas physically move from one place to another. |
front 31 Hierarchical Diffusion | back 31 When characteristics or ideas move from persons or places of power to other persons or places. |
front 32 Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion | back 32 When characteristics or traits diffuse from lower class to higher class. |
front 33 Contagious Diffusion | back 33 When a characteristic or ideas spread continuously from its hearth through contact among people |
front 34 Stimulus Diffusion | back 34 When a characteristics or ideas spreads but changes as some element of it is rejected by the culture adopting it |
front 35 Spatial Interaction | back 35 Refers to the contact, movement, and flow of things between locations |
front 36 Friction of Distance | back 36 Indicates that when things are farther apart, they tend to be less well connected |
front 37 Distance Decay | back 37 A theory that states that as distance between two things increases, the level of connection between them decreases |
front 38 Tobler's First Law of Geography | back 38 States that all things are connected, but nearer things are connected, but nearer things are more connected than distant things |
front 39 Gravity Model | back 39 Argues that the laws of gravity are applicable in describing the attractive force that exists between two areas (cities). Large cities have greater drawing power for people than small cities. |
front 40 Space-Time Compression | back 40 The shrinking of "time distance" between locations because of improved methods of transportation and communication systems |
front 41 Globalization | back 41 The process of intensified interaction among people, governments, and companies of different countries around the globe |
front 42 Environmental Determinism | back 42 The belief that the physical environment is solely responsible for shaping human actions and behaviors |
front 43 possibilism | back 43 The belief that peoples, not the environment, are the dynamic forces that shape human behavior |
front 44 Quantitative Data | back 44 Information that can be measured and recorded by numbers |
front 45 Qualitative Data | back 45 Information collected by interviews, descriptions, and visual observations; not usually in measured in numbers |
front 46 spatial perspective | back 46 A perspective that considers the arrangement of phenomena being studied across the surface of earth |
front 47 Density | back 47 The frequency with which something occurs within a given unit of area |
front 48 Concentration | back 48 The spread of something over a given area |
front 49 pattern | back 49 The spatial arrangement or distribution over a given space |
front 50 Absolute Location | back 50 The precise location of a place |
front 51 Relative Location | back 51 The location of a place in relation to somewhere else |
front 52 Place | back 52 Refers to the specific human and physical characteristics of a location |
front 53 Site | back 53 Describes the physical characteristics of a location |
front 54 Situation | back 54 The location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places |
front 55 Toponyms | back 55 Names given to a place that provide insights into the physical geography, history, or culture of a location |
front 56 Sustainability | back 56 The concept of using earth's natural resources efficiently; providing resources for people today without jeopardizing the needs of future generations |
front 57 Movement | back 57 Refers to the transfer for people, goods, and information |
front 58 Landscape Analysis | back 58 The task of defining and describing land that often involves observation, analysis, and interpretation |
front 59 Built Environment | back 59 Refers to the physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape |
front 60 Cultural Landscape | back 60 Refers to anything built by humans that reflects the culture on the local area |
front 61 Field observations | back 61 The study of geography by visiting places and observing the people that live there and how they react with the changes there |
front 62 Census Data | back 62 An official count of individuals in a population; occurs every 10 years in the United States |