front 1 Voluntary Response Sample | back 1 a large group of individuals is invited to respond and all people are counted, usually biased |
front 2 Confounding variable | back 2 when the levels of one factor are associated with the levels of another factor in such a way that their effects can't separated |
front 3 Population | back 3 The entire group of individuals whom we hope to learn |
front 4 Sample | back 4 a representative subset of a population |
front 5 Convenience Sample | back 5 consists of all of the individuals who are conveniently available. often fail to be representative |
front 6 Biased Sample | back 6 when members of a population are systematically more likely to be selected in a sample than others |
front 7 simple random sample | back 7 a sample where each set of n elements in the population has an equal chance of selection |
front 8 stratified sampling method | back 8 Dividing a population into smaller groups based on shared characteristics |
front 9 cluster sampling method | back 9 whole population is divided into groups, groups randomly selected, then census is taken from each group |
front 10 undercoverage bias | back 10 when some members of a population aren't properly represented |
front 11 response bias | back 11 tendency of respondent to answer untruthfully or misleadingly |
front 12 nonresponse bias | back 12 tendency of a respondent to be unwilling or unable to respond |
front 13 systematic sample | back 13 a sample technique where the researcher chooses members from a population by selecting a random starting place and picking based on a fixed sampling interval |
front 14 experimental units | back 14 smallest physical entity which a treatment can be applied |
front 15 subjects | back 15 members of the control or treatment group in an experiment |
front 16 treatment | back 16 the item being studied in an experiment |
front 17 factor | back 17 the variable being manipulated by the experimenter |
front 18 level | back 18 different values of the factor |
front 19 placebo effect | back 19 a neutral treatment that isn't supposed to have an effect on the dependent variable of the experiment, but may because the idea of treatment |
front 20 control group | back 20 subjects who didn't receive treatment |
front 21 randomization | back 21 practice of using a chance method to assign subjects to treatments |
front 22 completely randomized experiment | back 22 an experiment design where the treatments are designed completely at random |
front 23 statistically significant | back 23 determination by an analysis that the results of an experiment aren't explainable by chance alone |
front 24 replication | back 24 practice of assigning each treatment to many experimental subjects |
front 25 double-blind experiment | back 25 an experiment that neither the subjects nor the evaluators know who's the treatment group nor who's the control group |
front 26 block design | back 26 the arranging of an experimental unit into groups that are similar to one another |
front 27 match pair design | back 27 a special case of a randomized block design that can be used when the experiment has only two treatment conditions and subjects can be grouped into pairs based on a blocking variable |