front 1 Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following? | back 1 It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread. |
front 2 After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will | back 2 kill rapidly dividing cells. |
front 3 Cancer grading is based on | back 3 cell differentiation. |
front 4 Proto-oncogenes | back 4 are normal cellular genes that promote growth. |
front 5 Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene | back 5 occurs at an earlier age. |
front 6 Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring? | back 6 Mutant tumor-suppressor gene |
front 7 The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is | back 7 P53. |
front 8 Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including | back 8 Burkitt lymphoma. |
front 9 The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the | back 9 DNA. |
front 10 The primary effect of aging on all body systems is | back 10 decreased functional reserve. |
front 11 Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is | back 11 calcium. |
front 12 Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is | back 12 deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types. |
front 13 After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor | back 13 is malignant. |
front 14 Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as | back 14 carcinomas |
front 15 Carbon monoxide injures cells by | back 15 reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin. |
front 16 The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of | back 16 tumor necrosis factor. |
front 17 A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct? | back 17 “Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate.” |
front 18 Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis. | back 18 liquefactive |
front 19 The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is | back 19 intracellular accumulations. |
front 20 Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day for the last 40 years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is | back 20 cigarette smoking. |
front 21 The effects of excessive cortisol production include | back 21 immune suppression. |
front 22 An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of | back 22 secondary prevention. |
front 23 Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except | back 23 decreased blood viscosity. |
front 24 A disease that is native to a particular region is called | back 24 endemic. |
front 25 C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is | back 25 streptococcal infection. |
front 26 An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed | back 26 hypertrophy. |
front 27 Reperfusion injury to cells | back 27 involves formation of free radicals. |
front 28 When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic | back 28 True. |
front 29 After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of | back 29 tertiary prevention. |
front 30 Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except | back 30 allostasis. |
front 31 Somatic death refers to death | back 31 of the entire organism. |
front 32 The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is | back 32 energy and repair. |
front 33 The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as | back 33 subclinical. |
front 34 Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in | back 34 permanent damage and death. |
front 35 A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of | back 35 primary prevention. |
front 36 A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage. | back 36 latent. |
front 37 The effect of stress on the immune system | back 37 may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system. |
front 38 Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except | back 38 pupil constriction. |
front 39 A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of | back 39 secondary prevention. |
front 40 Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? | back 40 Insulin. |