front 1 Variables | back 1 the characteristics of the individuals within the population |
front 2 Key Point | back 2 Variables vary |
front 3 Qualitative or Categorical variables | back 3 allow for classification of individuals based on some attribute or characteristic |
front 4 Quantitative variables | back 4 provide numerical measures of individuals |
front 5 Discrete variable | back 5 has either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values |
front 6 continuous variable | back 6 has an infinite number of possible values that are not countable |
front 7 data | back 7 a list of observations a variable assumes |
front 8 cofounding variable | back 8 occurs when two or more variables are not separated |
front 9 lurking sample | back 9 an explanatory variable that is not considered/left out in the study |
front 10 sampling error | back 10 results in an estimate for the population |
front 11 nonsampling error | back 11 result from bias in human conducted surveys |
front 12 cross-sectional study | back 12 collect information over periods of time and compares |
front 13 Case-control study | back 13 are retrospective and cause you to look back in time |
front 14 cohort study | back 14 are prospective to look forward in time |
front 15 data-entry error | back 15 leads to results that are not representative of the population |
front 16 census | back 16 list of total population count |
front 17 response bias | back 17 when you lie about data after recording a survey |
front 18 webscraping or data mining | back 18 when you extract data from the inner web |
front 19 nonresponse bias | back 19 when people do not reply to a survey but have an opinion |
front 20 cluster sample | back 20 people are separated by characteristics and picked by random |
front 21 convience sample | back 21 only members of a population who are easy to reach are selected |
front 22 sampling bias | back 22 a favor in play when surveyed |
front 23 undercoverage | back 23 Results in sampling bias. Occurs when the proportion of one segment of the population is lower in a sample than it is in the population. |