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Anatomy Block III- Intro to the Upper Limb, Brachial Plexus

front 1

what are teh bones of the upper limb

back 1

pectoral girdle: clavicle and scapula
humerus
ulna
radius

front 2

what does the pectoral girdle do

back 2

attaches bones of upper limb to axial skeleton

front 3

what skeleton are the clavicle and scapula part of

back 3

appendicular

front 4

what is the only part of the upper limb that articulates with the axial skeleton

back 4

clavicle

front 5

what is the shoulder blade

back 5

scapula

front 6

what is the large long bone of the upper arm

back 6

humerus

front 7

what is the fixed bone of the forearm

back 7

ulna, always associated with pinky finger

front 8

what bone follows the thumb when pronating/supinating forearm

back 8

radius

front 9

back 9

a. brachial artery
b. axillary artery
c. subclavian artery
d. brachiocephalic trunk

front 10

what does the right side have in arterial supply that the left side does not

back 10

brachiocephalic trunk that splits into right common carotid and subclavian

front 11

what supplies blood to the upper extremity

back 11

subclavian artery

front 12

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery

back 12

first rib

front 13

back 13

a. axillary artery
b. first rib

front 14

back 14

a. teres major
b. brachial artery

front 15

when does the axillary artery become the brachial artery

back 15

teres MAJOR

front 16

what is the path of the brachial artery and what does it give off

back 16

down humerus and crosses elbow, gives off radial and ulnar arteries

front 17

back 17

a. deep palmar arch
b. radial artery
c. brachial artery
d. ulnar artery
e. superficial palmar arch

front 18

what is the medial branch of the brachial artery

back 18

ulnar artery

front 19

what is the lateral branch of the brachial artery

back 19

radial artery

front 20

where do the radial and ulnar arteries anastomose

back 20

palm of hand, forming superficial and deep palmar arch

front 21

what do the superficiel and deep palmar arches give off

back 21

digital arteries to supply fingers

front 22

what takes care of the deep venous drainage of the upper extremity

back 22

ulnar, radial, brachial, axillary veins

front 23

which veins in the hand are often paired

back 23

radial, ulnar, brachial

front 24

where are the superficial veins located

back 24

superficial fascia

front 25

what side of the arm is the cephalic vein

back 25

preaxial

front 26

where does the cephalic vein pass through in the axillary region

back 26

between deltoid and pec major (deltopectoral groove)

front 27

when does the basilic vein run into the axillary ven

back 27

when it joins with the brachial vein

front 28

what does the median cubital vein join

back 28

cephalic and basilic veins

front 29

what does the median cubital vein sit on top of

back 29

biceps brachii tendon

front 30

what does the brachial plexus provide in general

back 30

motor and sensory

front 31

where are the anterior rami of the brachial plexus from

back 31

C5-T1

front 32

what is interesting about the makeup of the brachial plexus

back 32

converge and diverge multiple times to form many segments

front 33

what is a prefixed brachial plexus

back 33

anterior ramus of C4 contributes to brachial plexus

front 34

what is a postfixed brachial plexus

back 34

anterior ramus of T2 contributes, may or may not have C5 involved

front 35

back 35

a. middle scalene
b. brachial plexus
c. anterior scalene

front 36

back 36

a. dorsal scapular nerve
b. long thoracic nerve
c. subclavian nerve
d. suprascapular nerve
e. medial pectoral nerve
f. upper subscapular nerve
g. lateral pectoral nerve
h. thoracodorsal nerve
i. lower subscapular nerve
j. medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
k. medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
l. ulnar nerve
m. radial nerve (axillary comes off farther back)
n. median nerve
o. musculocutaneous nerve

front 37

where does the brachial plexus leave from? what does it go between

back 37

posterior triangel in neck between anterir and middle scalelen, follow near subclavian artery

front 38

what are teh divisions of motor neurons of the brachial plexus

back 38

anterior and posterir divisions

front 39

what does the anterior part of the brachial plexus supply

back 39

flexors

front 40

what does the posterior part of the brachial plexus supply

back 40

extensors

front 41

where are the sympathetics of the brachial plexus from

back 41

T2-T6

front 42

what are teh sympathetic brachial plexus functions

back 42

vasomotor
arrector pilli muscles
sweat gland fucntion in skin

front 43

what makes up the roots of the brachial plexus

back 43

anterior rami of C5-T1

front 44

what major nerves come off the roots of the brachial plexus

back 44

dorsal scapular nerve
long thoracic nerve

front 45

what does the dorsal scapular nerve supply

back 45

rhomboid major and minor and levator scapulae

front 46

what does the long thoracic nerve supply

back 46

serratus anterior

front 47

where are the trunks of the brachial plexus from

back 47

posterior triangle of neck

front 48

what levels is the superior trunk of the BP from

back 48

C5 and C6

front 49

what levels is the middle trunk of the brachial plexus from

back 49

C7

front 50

what levels is the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus from

back 50

C8 and T1

front 51

what are teh major nerves that come off of the superior trunk of BP

back 51

subclavian nerve
suprascapular nerve

front 52

what does the subclavian nerve supply

back 52

subclavius

front 53

what does the suprascapular nerve supply

back 53

supraspinatus and infraspinatus (rotator cuff muscles)

front 54

where are the divisions of the BP

back 54

behind the clavicle

front 55

what are teh divisions of the BP

back 55

anterior and posterior

front 56

what muscles do the atnerior divisions supply

back 56

flexors

front 57

what muscles do the posterior divisions supply

back 57

extensors

front 58

where are teh cords of the BP

back 58

around the axillary artery

front 59

what are the cords named for

back 59

in relation to the axillary artery

front 60

what BP parts form the lateral cord of the BP

back 60

anterior division of superior and middle trunks

front 61

what nerve comes off lateral cord of BP

back 61

lateral pectoral N.

front 62

what does the lateral pectoral nerve supply

back 62

pectoralis major

front 63

what BP parts form the medial cord of the BP

back 63

anterior division of inferior trunk

front 64

what nerves come off the medial cord of the BP

back 64

medial pectorsal n
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

front 65

what does the medial pectoral nerve innervate

back 65

pec minor and part of pec major

front 66

what does the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm innervate

back 66

cutaneous arm

front 67

what BP parts form the posterior cord of the BP

back 67

posterior division of ant, middle, and inferior trunks

front 68

what nerves come off the posterior cord of the BP

back 68

upper subscapular n
thoracodorsal n
lower subscapular n

front 69

what does the upper subscapular nerve innervate

back 69

superior subscapularis

front 70

what does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate

back 70

latissimus dorsi

front 71

what does the lower subscapular nerve innervate

back 71

teres major and lower subscapularis muscle

front 72

what are the terminal nerves of the BP called in general

back 72

branches

front 73

what part of the BP do the branches come from

back 73

cords

front 74

what are the anterior branches

back 74

musculocutaneous branch
medial branch
ulnar branch

front 75

what are teh posterior branches

back 75

axillary
radial

front 76

where does the musculocutaneous nerve come from

back 76

C5-C7

front 77

what cord does the musculoctaneous branch of BP come from

back 77

lateral cord

front 78

what does the musculocutaneous branch of BP innervate

back 78

arm flexors, skin on lateral forearm

front 79

what levesl does the median nerve come from

back 79

C5-T1

front 80

what cords does the median nerve come from

back 80

lateral and medial cord

front 81

what does the median nerve innervate

back 81

forearm flexors and skin on part of hand

front 82

what levels does the ulnar branch of BP come from

back 82

C8-T1

front 83

what cord does the ulnar branch of BP come from

back 83

medial cord

front 84

what does the ulnar branch of BP innervate

back 84

most of hand and skin on part of hand

front 85

what levels does the axillary barnch of BP come from

back 85

C5, C6

front 86

what cord does the axillary branch of BP come from

back 86

posterior cord

front 87

what does the axillary barnch of BP inervate

back 87

deltoid, teres minor, skin on proximal aprt of arm

front 88

what levels does the radial barnch of BP come from

back 88

C5-T1

front 89

what cord is the radial branch of BP come from

back 89

posterior cord

front 90

what does the radial branch of BP innervate

back 90

extensors of arm and forearm,parts of skin of arm, forearm, and hand

front 91

how would one get a stinger/burner

back 91

force head flexion away from shoulder depression

front 92

what happens in a stinger/burner

back 92

stretches brachial plexus, initiating repair response that can take function away temporarily

front 93

what are symptoms of stigner

back 93

tingling, numbness, weakenss to afected side

front 94

what can the inflammatory response of a stinger/burner lead to

back 94

narrowing of IV foramen

front 95

what will happen with an upper brachial plexus injury

back 95

Erb's palsy

front 96

what levels does Erb's palsy affect

back 96

C5-C6 superior trunk

front 97

what happens in Erb's palsy

back 97

severe stretching or rupture of roots

front 98

what is the characteristic limb position of Erb's palsy

back 98

waiter's tip palsy with an extended arm, hand turned backwards

front 99

what happens with an upper brachial plexus injury with anasthesia

back 99

anasthesia of lateral arm and forearm

front 100

what will happen in anasthesia with a lower brachial plexus injury

back 100

anasthesia of medial forearm and hand

front 101

what levels does Klumpke's palsy affect

back 101

C8-T1 inferior trunk

front 102

what happens with Klumpke's palsy to cause the injury

back 102

upper limb is pulled superiorly

front 103

what is a claw hand deformity

back 103

loss of fine motor movement of hand due to overriding flexor muscles

front 104

what type of injury may result in Horner's syndrome

back 104

lower brachial plexus injury

front 105

what happens in a lower BP injury that involves Horner's syndrome

back 105

cervical sympathetic chain may also be damaged

front 106

what is a winged scapula the result of

back 106

injury to long thoracic nerve; leads to serratus anterior paratlyssi

front 107

what is the role of serratus anterior usually

back 107

keeps scapula close to thoracic cage so when injured the scapula wings outward

front 108

what is another naem for crutch palsy

back 108

saturday night or drunkards paralysis

front 109

what is crutch palsy from

back 109

compression of BP in axillary region, particularly posterior cord radial nerve

front 110

what type of anasthesia results from crutch palsy

back 110

lateral and posterior part of arm and posterior forearm

front 111

what can crutch palsy lead to

back 111

hand drop

front 112

what can axillary nerve injury be from

back 112

damage or injury to proximal humerus
dislocation

front 113

where is anasthesia in an axillary nerve injury

back 113

inferior part of deltoid

front 114

if axillary nerve injury is too severe, what can it lead to

back 114

deltoid atrophy, thereofre loss of ability to abduct arm

front 115

what is thoracic outlet syndrome

back 115

compression of vessels/nerves, variable afffected

front 116

who are more prone to thoracic outlet syndrome

back 116

people with cervical ribs

front 117

what is the typical compressing bones of thoracic outlet syndrome

back 117

clavicle and ribs

front 118

what happens vascularly with thoracic outlet syndrome

back 118

subclavian artery is compressed and there is a reduction in distal pulses such as radial and brachial

front 119

what happens nuerologocally with thoracic outlet syndrome

back 119

tingling, numbness, weakness of upper extremity

front 120

what is adson's test

back 120

arm hyperextended/hyperadducted and head toward it; tries to minimize effects of BP injury

front 121

what is allen's test

back 121

arm hyperextended/hyperadducted and head away from it; tries to minimize effects of BP injury

front 122

do adsons or allens' test assess bilaterally

back 122

yes, if you have thoracic outlet syndrom it is on one side usually

front 123

what is the roos test

back 123

horizontal position, fully externally rotated upper extremity for 30 seconds to one minute, flex hands like pumping motion to see if symptoms come up

front 124

back 124

Adson's test

front 125

back 125

Roos Test

front 126

back 126

Allen's Test