front 1 Alimentation | back 1 the process of providing nutrition for the body |
front 2 Ingestion | back 2 the oral intake of substances into the body (in humans) |
front 3 Digestion | back 3 the mechanical and chemical conversion of food into substances that can be eventually absorbed by cells |
front 4 Absorption | back 4 the process in which digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries |
front 5 Elimination | back 5 removal of undigested food particles |
front 6 Defecation | back 6 elimination of wastes through the anus in the form of feces |
front 7 Lactase | back 7 enzyme that breaks down lactose |
front 8 Glucose | back 8 a simple sugar that is the major source of energy for the body |
front 9 Amylase | back 9 enzyme that breaks down starch |
front 10 Protease or Proteinase | back 10 effective enzyme that breaks down protein |
front 11 Lipase | back 11 effective enzyme that breaks down a lipid (fat) |
front 12 Gastrointestinal | back 12 refers to the stomach and intestines |
front 13 Oral surgeon | back 13 one who specializes in the surgery of the mouth |
front 14 Gingival | back 14 pertaining to the gum |
front 15 hypoglossal | back 15 under the tongue |
front 16 sublingual | back 16 a type of medication that is placed under the tongue, where the medicine dissolves |
front 17 dental | back 17 pertaining to teeth |
front 18 pedodontics | back 18 deals with the teeth and mouth conditions of children |
front 19 orthodontics | back 19 the branch of dentistry concerned with tooth alignment and associated with facial problems |
front 20 Orthodontist | back 20 a specialist in orthodontics |
front 21 periodontium | back 21 tissue that supports the teeth and keeps them firmly anchored |
front 22 Periodontal | back 22 pertaining to the periodontium |
front 23 Gastric lavage | back 23 washing out of the stomach |
front 24 gastralgia & gastrodynia | back 24 pain of the stomach |
front 25 gasteroentrology | back 25 the study of the stomach, intestines, and associated structures |
front 26 gasteroenterologist | back 26 a physician who specializes in gasteroenterology |
front 27 Ileocecal valve | back 27 a group of muscles that are located between the ileum & the cecum |
front 28 Sigmoid colon | back 28 the latter part of the colon that is S-shaped |
front 29 protcologist | back 29 a physician who specializes in diseases of the anus and rectum as well as disorders of the colon |
front 30 Bile | back 30 produced by the liver to break down fats before absorption by the small intestine |
front 31 biliary | back 31 pertaining to bile |
front 32 cholecystic | back 32 pertaining to the gallbladder |
front 33 choledochal | back 33 pertaining to the common bile duct |
front 34 insulin | back 34 a hormone that regulates the blood sugar level |
front 35 esophagram or esophagogram | back 35 an x-ray image of the esophagus while the patient swallows a liquid barium suspension |
front 36 barium meal | back 36 ingested in the upper GI series and the radiographic examination is made as the barium passes through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
front 37 barium enema | back 37 lower intestinal tract is studied with a rectal infusion of barium sulfate |
front 38 biliary tract | back 38 the pathway for bile to flow from the liver to the bile duct and into the duodenum |
front 39 biliary calculus | back 39 gallstone; a stone that is formed in the biliary tract varying in size from very small to very large |
front 40 cholelithiasis | back 40 the presence of stones in the gallbladder |
front 41 choledocholithiasis | back 41 stones that become lodged in the common bile duct |
front 42 pancreatolithiasis | back 42 the presence of a pancreatic stone |
front 43 sialography | back 43 studying the salivary glands by injecting radiopaque substances into the duct |
front 44 esophagoscopy | back 44 if the focus of an upper garstrointestinal endoscopy is the esophagus |
front 45 gastroscopy | back 45 f the focus of an upper garstrointestinal endoscopy is the stomach |
front 46 colonoscopy | back 46 the endoscopic examination of the lining of the colon with a colonoscope |
front 47 sigmoidscopy | back 47 inspection of the rectum and sigmoid with an endoscope |
front 48 proctoscopy | back 48 endoscopic examination of the rectum with a proctoscope |
front 49 Diabetes mellitus (DM) | back 49 a result or resistance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion by the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas |
front 50 hyperglycemia | back 50 increased glucose level in the blood |
front 51 polyphagia | back 51 excessive hunger & uncontrollable eating |
front 52 polyuria | back 52 excessive urination |
front 53 polydipsia | back 53 excessive thirst |
front 54 glycosuria | back 54 urine that contains glucose |
front 55 Gestational diabetes mellitus | back 55 first recognized during pregnancy usually caused by a deficiency of insulin |
front 56 hypoglycemia | back 56 the pancreas produces too much insulin and the blood contains less than the normal amount of sugar |
front 57 hyperlipemia | back 57 cholesterol is elevated
|
front 58 obesity | back 58 abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells in the body |
front 59 emesis | back 59 vomiting |
front 60 dehydration | back 60 the output of body fluid exceeds the fluid intake |
front 61 emaciation | back 61 excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition |
front 62 anorexia | back 62 loss of appetite for food |
front 63 anorexia nervosa | back 63 associated with psychological stress or conflict, characterized by prolonged refusal to eat that results in emaciation |
front 64 bulimia | back 64 characterized by episodes of binge eating that often terminate in sells induced vomiting |
front 65 malnutrition | back 65 depletion of nutrients for body cells |
front 66 malabsorption syndrom | back 66 complex of symptoms that include anorexia, weight loss, flatulence, muscle contractions, and bone pain |
front 67 flatulence | back 67 excessive gas in the stomach and intestinal tract that leads to bloating |
front 68 appendicitis | back 68 inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
front 69 hepatitis | back 69 inflammation of the liver |
front 70 hepatomegaly | back 70 enlargement of the liver |
front 71 hepatic | back 71 pertaining to the liver |
front 72 cirrhosis | back 72 chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells |
front 73 hepatotoxic | back 73 toxic or destructive to the liver |
front 74 cholangitis | back 74 inflammation of the bile ducts |
front 75 cholangiography | back 75 x-ray examination of the bile ducts, usually a contrast agent |
front 76 cholecystitis | back 76 inflammation of the gallbladder |
front 77 pancreatolith | back 77 pancreatic stone |
front 78 sialolithiasis | back 78 presence of a salivary stone |
front 79 eupepsia | back 79 good or normal digestion |
front 80 dyspepsia | back 80 bad, poor, or abnormal digestion |
front 81 visceral | back 81 pertaining to the large internal organs in the abdominal cavity |
front 82 peritoneum | back 82 membrane that surrounds the viscera and lines the abdominal cavity |
front 83 peritonitis | back 83 inflammation of the peritoneum |
front 84 hernia | back 84 protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening in the muscle wall of the cavity |
front 85 canker sores | back 85 ulcers of the mouth & lips |
front 86 cheilitis | back 86 inflammation of the lips |
front 87 gingivitis | back 87 inflammation of the gums |
front 88 glossitis | back 88 inflammation of the tongue |
front 89 stomatitis | back 89 inflammation of the mouth |
front 90 dysphagia | back 90 inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing |
front 91 esophageal varices | back 91 a complex of enlarged & swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus that are susceptible to hemorrhage |
front 92 esophagitis | back 92 inflammation of the esophagus |
front 93 gastresophageal reflux disease (GERD) | back 93 condition resulting from the back flow of the stomach contents into the esophagus |
front 94 gastritis | back 94 inflammation of the stomach |
front 95 gastrocele | back 95 herniation of the stomach |
front 96 gastroenteritis | back 96 inflammation of the stomach and intestinal tract |
front 97 hyperacidity | back 97 excessive amount of acid in the stomach |
front 98 ulcer | back 98 lesion of mucus membrane accompanied by shedding of dead tissue |
front 99 upper gastrointestinal bleeding | back 99 bleeding of the upper digestive structures, sometimes evidence of blood in the vomit |
front 100 appendicitis | back 100 inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
front 101 colitis | back 101 inflammation of the colon |
front 102 diverticulitis | back 102 inflammation of a diverticulum in the intestinal tract, especially in the colon, causing stagnation of feces and pain |
front 103 diverticulum | back 103 a small sac or pouch in the wall of an organ |
front 104 diverticulosis | back 104 the presence of diverticula without inflammation |
front 105 duodenal ulcer | back 105 an ulcer of the duodenum |
front 106 duodenitis | back 106 inflammation of the duodenum |
front 107 enterostasis | back 107 stoppage or delay in the passage of food through the intestine |
front 108 hemorrhoids | back 108 masses of veins in the anal canal that are unnaturally distended and lie just inside or outside the rectum |
front 109 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | back 109 abnormally increased motility of large and small intestines of unknown origin |
front 110 lower gastrointestinal bleeding | back 110 bleeding of the lower digestive structures |
front 111 cholecystitis | back 111 inflammation of the gallbladder |
front 112 cholelithiasis | back 112 formation or presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct |
front 113 cholestasis | back 113 stoppage of bile excretion |
front 114 cirrhosis | back 114 chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells |
front 115 hepatitis | back 115 inflammation of the liver |
front 116 hepatomegaly | back 116 enlargement of the liver |
front 117 diabetes | back 117 general term for diseases characterized by excessive urination |
front 118 hypoglycemia | back 118 condition in which the blood glucose level is abnormally low |
front 119 pancreatitis | back 119 inflammation of the pancreas |
front 120 esophagostomy | back 120 a tube is inserted through a new opening made in the esophagus |
front 121 gastrostomy | back 121 a tube is inserted through a new opening made in the stomach |
front 122 Jejunostomy | back 122 a tube is inserted through a new opening made in the jejunum |
front 123 anorexiant | back 123 an appetite-supressing drug |
front 124 gastroplasty
| back 124 surgical approaches for treating extreme obesity, generally used when conservative methods have failed, limit food intake or absorption |
front 125 antidiarrheals | back 125 used to treat diarrhea |
front 126 antiemetics | back 126 relieve or prevent vomiting |
front 127 laxatives | back 127 evacuation of the bowel and may be prescribed to correct constipation |
front 128 purgatives
| back 128 strong medications used to promote full evacuation of the bowel, as in preparation for diagnostic studies or surgery of the digestive tract |
front 129 appendectomy | back 129 removal of the vermiform appendix |
front 130 cholecystectomy | back 130 surgical removal of the gallbladder |
front 131 colostomy | back 131 creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall by incising the colon and drawing it out to the surface |
front 132 gastrectomy | back 132 surgical removal of all or part of the stomach |
front 133 gastroduodenostomy | back 133 when the remaining part of a gastrectomy is joined to the duodenum |
front 134 anastomosis | back 134 the joining of two organs, vessels, or ducts that are normally separate |
front 135 gastrostomy | back 135 surgical creation of a new opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall |
front 136 hemorrhoidectomy | back 136 removal of hemorrhoids by any of several means, including surgery |
front 137 ileostomy | back 137 creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum |
front 138 laparoscopy | back 138 examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall |
front 139 liver biopsy | back 139 removal of tissue from the liver for pathologic examination |
front 140 percutaneous liver biopsy | back 140 removal of liver tissue by using a needle to puncture the skin overlying the liver |
front 141 pancreatolithectomy | back 141 excision of a pancreatic stone |
front 142 vagotomy | back 142 resection of portions of the vagus nerve near the stomach |