front 1 6 months old typical development | back 1 Begins recognizing faces, likes to play w/ others, responds to emotions, responds to sounds, responds to name, sounds happy/sad |
front 2 6 months old atypical development | back 2 shows no affection, doesn't respond to sounds, doesn't roll over, doesn't make vowel sounds, doesn't laugh |
front 3 12 Months Old Typical Development | back 3 repeats sounds to get attention, plays peek-a-boo games, responds to simple requests, finds hidden things, wave bye-bye, copies gestures |
front 4 12 Months Old Atypical Development | back 4 Does not respond to name, doesn't crawl, can't stand when supported, loses skills, doesn't point to things, doesn't say "mama" "dada" |
front 5 18 months old typical development | back 5 shows affection, simple pretend play, shakes head no, points to one body part, walks alone, drinks from a cup, eats with a spoon |
front 6 18 Months Old Atypical Development | back 6 can't walk, doesn't copy others, doesn't gain new words, loses skills, doesn't notice caregiver leaving |
front 7 3 years Old Typical Development | back 7 copies adults and friends, shows affection for friends, takes turns, shows concern for crying friend, wide range of emotions, names a friend, follows 2-3 step instructions |
front 8 3 Years Old Atypical Development | back 8 falls down, drools, unclear speech, no sentences, no play pretend, doesn't make eye contact, loses skills |
front 9 5 years old Typical Development | back 9 Wants to please friends, likes to sing/dance, speaks clearly, counts 10 things, use toilet on their own |
front 10 5 Years Old Atypical Development | back 10 doesn't show wide variety of emotions, doesn't play variety, doesn't respond to people, loses skills |
front 11 Diagnostic Criteria for ASD | back 11 deficits in social communication and interaction, deficits in nonverbal communication, deficits in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships, restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities |
front 12 Executive Function | back 12 Difficulties with planning, thinking ahead, stopping a response, starting another response |
front 13 mental flexibility | back 13 difficulties with changing from one activity/thought to another or changing a routine |
front 14 weak central coherence | back 14 difficulties with synthesizing details or pieces of information into a concept or "big picture." |
front 15 theory of mind deficits | back 15 difficulties with observing others' behaviors, speech, and body language and making an inference about what they are thinking/feeling. |
front 16 sensory processing differences | back 16 some individuals with autism will exhibit challenging behavior if she/he is hypersensitive to sensory experiences |
front 17 typical development | back 17 progression of physical and cognitive skills along an expected path of an average person |
front 18 atypical development | back 18 progression of physical and cognitive skills along a deviated path of an average person |
front 19 autism spectrum disorder | back 19 a neurological disorder that is associated with structural differences in the brain. These neurological differences result in atypical development/performance of social communication and engagement in repetitive behaviors/restricted interests |
front 20 spectrum of impairments | back 20 a conceptual representation of autism symptoms that indicate a gradient of impairments among those diagnosed with the disability. That is, it manifests in different ways of strengths and deficits among those who share the diagnostic label |
front 21 symbolic play | back 21 use of an object/action/idea/person during paly to represent another object/idea/action/person |
front 22 hidden curriculum | back 22 subtle social rules or guidelines that are not directly taught but are assumed to be known. |
front 23 applied behavior analysis | back 23 science of behavior, principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior |
front 24 The three-term contingency | back 24 a model to analyze behavior that breaks it down into what happens before, during, and after. This is known as the antecedent-behavior-consequence model |
front 25 operational definition | back 25 objective description of the behavior that describes the behavior with specific, observable words. Action verbs that are not interpretable, ensures that data collection is stable across different people |
front 26 the "dead man's test" | back 26 can a dead man do it? def of behavior is objective, measurable, only performable by a living person |
front 27 positive reinforcement | back 27 stimulus change is delivered contingent on behavior, as a result the future probability of the behavior increases. a behavior produces something that benefits a person, and as a result they do it again in the future to get the same benefit. + |
front 28 stimulus | back 28 a thing or event that evokes a specific function reaction |
front 29 contingent | back 29 occurring or existing only if (certain circumstances) are the case; dependent on |
front 30 negative reinforcement | back 30 stimulus change is removed contingent upon a behavior, and as a result the future probability of the behavior increases. A behavior produces the removal of something the person does not like, and as a result the behavior occurs again in the future to remove that stimulus under similar circumstances. + |
front 31 positive punishment | back 31 stimulus change is delivered contingent upon behavior, and as a result the future probability of the behavior decreases. A behavior produces something that makes a persons situation worse, and as a result they do not do it again in the future. -Example: a child hits a child and is spanked by parent, stops hitting. |
front 32 negative punishment | back 32 stimulus is removed contingent upon behavior, behavior decreases in future. - child hits child to get a toy, parent takes away toy, child stops hitting |
front 33 categories of behavioral functions | back 33 Escape, attention, tangible/activity, sensory |
front 34 escape | back 34 gets ride of aversive stimulus or delays it. Falls to floor when asked to perform difficult task |
front 35 attention | back 35 access to another person's attention, eye contact, facial expression |
front 36 tangible/activity | back 36 preferred item to hold, activity. |
front 37 sensory | back 37 smell, tactile feeling, taste, sound, as a product of engaging in behavior. Rubbing lotion on arms/ |
front 38 determinism | back 38 a principle of science that states the universe is a lawful and orderly place |
front 39 antecedent | back 39 stimulus that occur right before the behavior |
front 40 behavior | back 40 anything a person says or does |
front 41 consequence | back 41 a stimulus change that occurs right after the behavior |
front 42 function of behavior | back 42 the purpose that a behavior serves |
front 43 internal stimulation | back 43 sensory |
front 44 functional assessment | back 44 a systematic assessment designed to produce information about what purposes the behavior is serving. 3 types- Functional Analysis (direct), Descriptive analysis (ABC recording), indirect assessment (observation and interview). |
front 45 functional analysis | back 45 direct method of functional assessment that involves systematic manipulation of antecedents and consequences and measurement of a target behavior in order to determine its functions. |
front 46 descriptive assessment | back 46 direct method of functional assessment that involves watching a target behavior and objectively identifying ABC's. |
front 47 indirect assessment | back 47 functional assessment method that does not involve directly watching a person, structured/unstructed interviews. |
front 48 differential reinforcement | back 48 a process by which reinforcement is withheld for a response under certain stimulus condition and delivered for a response under other stimulus conditions |
front 49 discriminative stimulus | back 49 SD a stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement due to a prior history in which a behavior was emitted in its presence and reinforcement was delivered/produced |
front 50 neutral stimulus | back 50 a stimulus change that neither evokes nor elicits a response |
front 51 motivating operation | back 51 stimulus change in the environment that temporarily alters the reinforcing properties of a stimulus; and temporarily alters the probability that a person will engage in behavior that in the past, produced that stimulus |
front 52 establishing operation/setting event | back 52 a stimulus change that temporarily increases the value of a stimulus and evokes all behavior that in the past produced that stimulus |
front 53 abolishing operation | back 53 a stimulus change that temporarily decreases the value of a stimulus and decreases the probability of a behavior occurring in the past produced that stimulus. |