front 1 What is Mullerian mimicry? | back 1 Two species share similar anti-predator characteristics and co-mimic each other |
front 2 What is Batesian mimicry? | back 2 A behavior in which preys look like or behaves like a distasteful or poisonous species |
front 3 What is a Population? | back 3 Groups of individuals of the same species living in the same area |
front 4 What is a species range? | back 4 The area where a particular species can be found during its lifetime |
front 5 What is a demography? | back 5 Quantitative study of changes in the characteristics of populations |
front 6 What is population size? | back 6 Number of individuals in the population |
front 7 What is abundance? | back 7 The number of individuals in the population |
front 8 What is complete enumeration? | back 8 Count every individual in the population |
front 9 What is population sampling? | back 9 Count individuals in many small portions of the area then calculate density |
front 10 What is mark recapture? | back 10 Recapturing individuals within a restricted period soon after marking |
front 11 What is radio telemetry? | back 11 Spatial patterns and movements and activity pattern (temporal) |
front 12 What is population density? | back 12 Number of individuals in a given area or volume |
front 13 What is dispersion? | back 13 Pattern of spacing among individuals in the population |
front 14 What is a clumped dispersion? | back 14 Individuals aggregate in patches; influenced by resource availability and behavior |
front 15 What is a uniform dispersion? | back 15 Individuals are evenly distributed; influenced by social interactions |
front 16 What is a random dispersion? | back 16 Position of each individual is independent of other individuals |
front 17 What is age structure? | back 17 Number of individuals at different ages |
front 18 What is age distribution? | back 18 Proportion of individuals at different ages |
front 19 What is sex ratio? | back 19 Proportion of individuals of each sex |
front 20 What is population variability? | back 20 Differences among individuals in the population |
front 21 What is sexual dimorphism? | back 21 Sexes differ greatly in appearance |
front 22 What is metamorphosis? | back 22 Dramatic transformation as they age |
front 23 What is immigration? | back 23 Simply to movement of an organism to an area |
front 24 What is emigration? | back 24 The movement of something away from a location |
front 25 What is a J shaped curve? | back 25 Curve shape that reflects exponential growth |
front 26 What is an exponential curve? | back 26 Initial lots of offspring then levels out |
front 27 What is a S shaped curve? | back 27 Cure shape that reflects limiting factors/ limits resources to population growth |
front 28 What is a logistic curve? | back 28 Lots of offspring |
front 29 What is carrying capacity? | back 29 Maximum of number of individuals habitats can sustain |
front 30 What are limiting resources? | back 30 Food, water, light, nesting sites, refugia, dens |
front 31 What is a r strategy? | back 31 Many, small young. Little or no parental care. Low survival |
front 32 What is a K strategy? | back 32 Few, large young. Parental care. High survival |
front 33 What is a density dependent factor? | back 33 Intensify as the size of population increases. Correlated with crowding |
front 34 What is a density independent factor? | back 34 Factor limiting populations that are independent of the size of those populations (winter temperatures) |
front 35 What is predation? | back 35 Density dependent fact, predator increase and prey decrease |
front 36 What is competition? | back 36 Density dependent factor. Competition for critical resources |
front 37 What is interspecific competition? | back 37 Competition between RCW and other non-RCW cavity using species |
front 38 What is intraspecific competition? | back 38 Competition between RCW and RCW |
front 39 What is resource partitioning? | back 39 A way to reduce competition |
front 40 What is territoriality? | back 40 Area from which individuals of the same species are excluded especially the same sex |
front 41 What is migration? | back 41 Moving to another habitat for food, better conditions, or reproductive needs |
front 42 What is a metapopulation? | back 42 Two or more unique, discontinuous population linked by immigration and emigration |
front 43 What is life history? | back 43 Series of events from birth through timing of reproduction to death of an organism |
front 44 What is iteroparity? | back 44 Fewer offspring per reproductive episode and many reproductive episodes over lifetime |
front 45 What is semelparity? | back 45 One large reproductive effort with many young during lifetime |
front 46 What is altricial? | back 46 Stays with parent for weeks on |
front 47 What is precocial? | back 47 Leave immediately after being born |
front 48 What is a life table? | back 48 Age specific summary of the survival pattern of a population |
front 49 What is a cohort? | back 49 Group of organisms born at the same time |
front 50 What is mortality rate? | back 50 The ratio of the total number of deaths to the total population |
front 51 What is survivorship? | back 51 Probability of newborn individuals of a cohort surviving to a particular age |
front 52 What is a survivorship curve? | back 52 Graph or plot of survival/ time using data from a life table |
front 53 What is a Type I curve? | back 53 Convex high early survival, high late adulthood mortality |
front 54 What is a Type II curve? | back 54 Straight survival and mortality constant throughout life |
front 55 What is a Type III curve? | back 55 Concave low early survival, low late adulthood mortality |
front 56 What is a Community? | back 56 All population of different species interacting with one another in the same environment |
front 57 What is scale? | back 57 Size of a community |
front 58 What is spatial structure? | back 58 Distribution of species relative to each other |
front 59 What is temporal structure? | back 59 The timing of the appearance and activity of species |
front 60 What is species richness? | back 60 The number of species in a community |
front 61 What is species diversity? | back 61 The relative abundance of different species |
front 62 What is a dominant species? | back 62 Most successful and competitive and the highest abundance or biomass a community |
front 63 What is a keystone predator? | back 63 A predator that controls the population of a dominant species |
front 64 What is a fundamental niche? | back 64 Set of resources and habitats an organism could theoretically use under ideal conditions |
front 65 What is a realized niche? | back 65 Set of resources and habitats an organism actually uses |
front 66 What is the competitive exclusion principle? | back 66 When two species compete for the same limiting resource, one will survive and the other will be driven to extinction |
front 67 What is neutralism? | back 67 Any interactions that do occur are indirect or incidental |
front 68 What is amensalism? | back 68 One species suffers and the other interacting species experiences no effect |
front 69 What is commensalism? | back 69 One species benefit and the other is unaffected |
front 70 What is mutualism? | back 70 Benefits both members; grow, survive, and reproduce at a higher rate together |
front 71 What is optimal foraging theory? | back 71 Optimal pattern of foraging |
front 72 What is the hierarchical model of habitat selection? | back 72 Physical/ geographical range, home range of individual or social group, usage of habitat within home range, microhabitat/ specific food resources |
front 73 What factors influence habitat selection? | back 73 Breeding, nesting/cover/hibernacula/refugia, foraging/feeding areas |
front 74 What is habitat fragmentation? | back 74 Break up of habitats into smaller patches |
front 75 What is ecotone? | back 75 Different species of plant will occur on the different soil types |
front 76 What is primary succession? Give some examples. | back 76 Begins in a virtually lifeless area where soil has not yet been established (Glaciers, Volcanic eruptions, Sand dunes,) |
front 77 What is secondary succession? Give some examples. | back 77 Occurs after disturbance that leaves the soil intact (floods, fires, increasing salinity of Great Salt Lake) |
front 78 What is a pioneer species? | back 78 Early colonizers that carry out life processes and begin to modify habitat |
front 79 What is a climax community? | back 79 More or less permanent and final stage of a particular succession, often characteristic of a restricted area |
front 80 What species dominate a climax community? | back 80 Trees |
front 81 What is biogeography? | back 81 The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems |
front 82 What is relative abundance? | back 82 The number of individuals of each species and some combinations of these two factors |
front 83 What do we see in latitudinal species richness gradients? | back 83 Fewer species at the pole and more at the equator |
front 84 What do we see in species area relationships? | back 84 The larger the geographic are, the greater the number of species |
front 85 How does the number of species influence immigration and extinction? | back 85 Immigration decreases; extinction increase |
front 86 How does island size influence immigration and extinction rates? | back 86 Immigration increase, extinction decrease |
front 87 How does distance from the mainland influence immigration and extinction rates? | back 87 Immigration increase, extinction decrease |
front 88 What is the greatest limiting factor for RCW populations? | back 88 Lack of cavity trees |
front 89 What is unique about the pine trees in which RCWs nest, compared to those in which other woodpecker species nest? | back 89 Heartwood decay helps birds to excavate cavities into pine heartwood |
front 90 What is the best measure of RCW population size (how would you determine the population size)? | back 90 Population size and trend is determined by the number of breeding groups rather than the annual reproduction and survival (new young born into the population and surviving to adulthood) |
front 91 What is an Ecosystem? | back 91 A community and its physical environment |
front 92 What is the biosphere? | back 92 The zone of life on earth, all ecosystems on the planet |
front 93 What are biomes? | back 93 Major ecosystems on earth characterized by flora, fauna, climatic conditions, physical features, geography |
front 94 Which biome has the least rainfall? | back 94 Desert |
front 95 Which biome has the greatest number grazing mammals? | back 95 Temperate Grasslands |
front 96 What is the local ecosystem in Escambia, Co., AL? | back 96 Pine forest |
front 97 The ultimate goal of conservation biology is ________ in the wild instead of _________ of species in museums and zoos (see last slide of PPT). | back 97 conversation, preservation |