front 1 What is the difference between a hypothesis, theory and law | back 1 A hypothesis is an explanation for an event, and hasn't been tested
or confirmed enough to become a |
front 2 Steps of Scientific Method | back 2 Observation |
front 3 Inductive vs deductive reasoning | back 3 inductive is specific to general and uses related observations to
arrive at a conclusion |
front 4 What does it mean for a hypothesis to be falsifiable, give an example. | back 4 It means that the hypothesis can be proven wrong |
front 5 What is the definition of Evolution | back 5 Change in allele frequency over time |
front 6 Who are the influential scientist who developed the theory of natural selection, what are their contributions. | back 6 Charles Darwin - origin of species / galapagos |
front 7 Three Requirements for Natural Selection to Take Place | back 7 Traits Vary |
front 8 Sexual Selection vs Natural Selection | back 8 Sexual selection is selection for traits other than survival (mating
rituals etc) |
front 9 Selective Pressure? | back 9 Selective Pressure - external factors that impact an organism's
ability to survive/pass on it's genes |
front 10 Give an example of natural selection in action | back 10 (provide an example) |
front 11 What were some of the issues with Darwin's work and how were they resolved by modern science? | back 11 Did not understand mutation (Modern genetics) |
front 12 What is Modern Synthesis | back 12 The blending of natural selection and modern genetics |
front 13 What is population genetics? | back 13 population genetics - study of how selective pressures change allele
frequency over time |
front 14 Besides natural selection, what are some other mechanisms of evolution | back 14 mutation |
front 15 What is the ultimate source of all genetic variation. | back 15 mutatio |
front 16 How can gene flow both cause and prevent speciation | back 16 Gene flow can prevent population isolation, which would inhibit
speciation. |
front 17 What are some of the different causes of genetic drift | back 17 mortality, fertilization events, bottle neck, founder effect |
front 18 Hardy-Weinberg equations and meanings | back 18 p+q=1 (dominant allele frequency + recessive allele frequency = 1 )
|
front 19 What are causes of evolution/violations of hardy weinberg | back 19 Natural Selection |
front 20 Describe the 5 patterns of Selection, provide an example | back 20 Stabilizing (Selecting for the intermediate trait rather than
extremes, normal bellcurve) |
front 21 What are some misconceptions about evolution | back 21 'just a theory' |
front 22 Homologous vs Analogous structures | back 22 Homologous structures look different but come from the same common
source |
front 23 divergent vs convergent evolution | back 23 divergent : related species split or 'diverge' |
front 24 Examples of Evolution (same question twice) | back 24 Provide examples ie: antibiotic resistant bacteria, the finches in the galapagos etc etc |
front 25 what are the main bodies of evidence for evolution | back 25 fossils, anatomy, embryology, molecular biology, biogeography |
front 26 Biological definition of species | back 26 a population that can reproduce with one another |
front 27 two schools of thought on speed of speciation | back 27 graduated (slow, over time) - like dinosaurs to birds |
front 28 Sympatric vs Allopatric speciation | back 28 Sympatric - SAME HOME - something other than geography drove this speciation |
front 29 prezygotic vs postzygotic barriers | back 29 Pre-z: mechanical (genitals), temporal (time of year/day), ecological
(habitat), behavioral (mating rituals), gametic (incompatible sex
cells) |
front 30 Adaptive Radiation | back 30 A single founder species with multiple species branching. island chains and dispersal are a good example (Like birds or lizards) |
front 31 Drivers of sympatric speciation | back 31 disruptive selection, assortive mating |
front 32 drivers of allopatric speciation | back 32 mutation |
front 33 Systemics vs Taxonomy | back 33 Systemics is the study of organisms to determine their relatives |
front 34 What is the most inclusive level of classification, what is the least inclusive? | back 34 DOMAIN > SPECIES |
front 35 Why are shared ancestral traits unhelpful for sorting species?
| back 35 Shared ancestral traits are seen across a large number of organisms
are more generic than they are specific |
front 36 Maximum Parsimony? | back 36 Fewest events = most likely |
front 37 What types of genes would you use to look for differences between domains? Between Genera? | back 37 Domain : Slow evolving as they would be least likely to have changed recently |
front 38 Monophyletic vs Paraphyletic vs Polyphyletic | back 38 (Use the prefix to help you mono =1 para=next to poly=many) |
front 39 Three assumptions of cladistics | back 39 related through a common ancestor |
front 40 How does morphology help to build phylogeny | back 40 determining a shared or absent trait to organize organisms into can help track changes and assess relatedness |
front 41 On a phylogenetic tree, how do you determine relatedness | back 41 things with fewer nodes between them are more closely related, things with more nodes between them are more distantly related |
front 42 How do you write in binomial nomenclature | back 42 All in italics, capitalize 1st word, lowercase 2nd |
front 43 Basis for classification of Domains | back 43 rRNA and structure. Archaea are extremophiles and exist where nothing else can, bacteria do have a nucleus (PROkaryotic) vs Eukaria which DO have a nucleus |