front 1 Osteocyte | back 1 mature bone cell |
front 2 osteoblast | back 2 cells that secrete materials needed to form bone |
front 3 osteoclast | back 3 cells that breakdown or resorb bone tissue |
front 4 ABC's | back 4 Alignment, Bone density, Cartilage, Soft Tissues |
front 5 Osteophyte | back 5 outgrowth of bone near joint margins |
front 6 Bone spur | back 6 osteophyte that is isolated, pointed, and forms at a soft tissue attachment site (i.e. heel spur) |
front 7 subluxation | back 7 a partial dislocation where joint surfaces are no longer aligned |
front 8 on a radiograph how should corticol bone look | back 8 white/bright and appears lighter than cancellous bone because it is more dense |
front 9 what are the four textural abnormalities | back 9 fluffy, smudged, coarsened, lacy |
front 10 fluffy | back 10 random proliferation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity and looks like cotton wool. (i.e. Paget's disease) |
front 11 smudged | back 11 indistinct trabeculae (i.e. osteomalacia) |
front 12 coarsening | back 12 emphasis of trabecular bone due to loss of bone (i.e osteoperosis) |
front 13 lacy | back 13 delicate trabeculae (i.e. thalassemia) |
front 14 what does sclerosis look like on a radiography? | back 14 whiter/brighter due to increase in bone density |
front 15 subchondral bone | back 15 bone beneath articular cartilage layer |
front 16 osteomyelitis | back 16 bone infection |
front 17 osteonecrosis | back 17 bone death (avascular necrosis) |
front 18 can soft tissues be seen on a radiograph? | back 18 no, too difficult to parse out between muscles etc |
front 19 oblique fracture | back 19 angular cut through bone |
front 20 spiral fracture | back 20 twisting/looping fracture |
front 21 what are the consequences of an intraarticular fracture? | back 21 damage to intraarticular cartilage can create joint difficulties later in life |
front 22 stress fracture | back 22 fracture due to normal loading on abnormal bone or repeated and minor trauma on normal bone |
front 23 pathological fracture | back 23 a fracture that occurs due to disease (i.e. tumor on bone) |
front 24 nonunion | back 24 bone healing stops at soft callous phase, fail to unite |
front 25 malunion | back 25 fracture heals in poor alignment (angular or rotation) |
front 26 S | back 26 slipped (type 1) |
front 27 M | back 27 metaphyseal (type 2) |
front 28 A | back 28 articular-epiphyseal (type 3) |
front 29 C | back 29 complete metaphysis and epiphysis (type 4) |
front 30 K | back 30 crushed (type 5) |
front 31 5 P's of compartment syndrome | back 31 pain, pallor (lack of color), paresthesia, paralysis, pulselessness |
front 32 5 stages of fracture healing | back 32 cellular stage, vascular stage, primary callus, bony callus, mature callus |
front 33 avulsion fracture | back 33 fragment of bone pulled away from body due to loading via muscle or ligamentous structure |
front 34 greenstick fracture | back 34 shaft is fractured on the tension side, cortex and periosteum remain intact on compression side |
front 35 torus fracture | back 35 impaction fracture that results in buckling of the cortex |
front 36 plastic bowing | back 36 deformation of bone |