front 1 Pelvic inflammatory disease is life threatening, it is also associated with | back 1 PID systemic sepsis |
front 2 PID could also present as a number of serious problems including | back 2 Ovarian torsion, rupture of cyst (adnexae), appendicitis, and complex renal tract infections |
front 3 ectopic pregnancy survillence symptoms to look for | back 3 abdominal rebound and shoulder pain (phenric nerve C3-C5) |
front 4 acute pelvic pain is variable. what is classed as acute pelvic pain | back 4 <3months |
front 5 Acute Pelvic pain - Gynaecology issues | back 5 Ovarian torsion, ovarian cyst, pregnancy related - ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage variant, gynae infection, myoma generation |
front 6 Acute pelvic pain - urological | back 6 Stone related, Lower urinary tract infection |
front 7 Acute pelvic pain - gastroenterological | back 7 appendicitis, Other GI infections - diverticulitis, abscess, IBS, Hernia |
front 8 History of acute pelvic pain assessment | back 8 duration, onset, location and radiation of pain, menstrual history, sexual health history. |
front 9 What can occur when PID is not addressed properly | back 9 Life threatening issues if becomes a systemic infection + progression of local infection to tubo-ovarian abscess or generalised peritonitis. |
front 10 Describing presenting
symptoms | back 10 Pain with menses |
front 11 dysuria is associated with? | back 11 Urinary tract infection (usually confirmed by leukocytes and nitrates in urine) |
front 12 dysuria and dyspareunia without UTI | back 12 explore diagnoses of potential - urethral diverticulum (pockets or sacs form around urethra) or urethral pain syndrome (urethral irritation) |
front 13 a women in shock may present with? | back 13 hypotension and tachycardia - dont ignore the signs |
front 14 severe infections may cause metabolic acidosis. what is metabolic acidosis | back 14 build up of acid in the body due to kidney disease or renal failure. Resp system compensates by increasing RR to exhale more C02 to increase pH |
front 15 what is metabolic alkalosis? | back 15 resp system compensates by reducing RR to increase C02 and reduce pH |
front 16 Bicarbonate equation | back 16 C02 + H20 <> H2C03 <> HC03- + H+ (carbon dioxide + water <> carbonic acid <> bicarbonate +hydrogen ion) shift to the left increased pH |
front 17 is the presentation of a women with bradycardia, sweating and feeling faint an urgent transfer to the operating theatre? | back 17 No, a speculum examination would be best in order to be able to remove any products that may be retained around the cervix |
front 18 does the presentation of a women with tachycardia, compensated respiratory rate, tachypnoea require emergency management? | back 18 Yes, volume expansion will be required. |
front 19 what are the adnexal area to examine? | back 19 ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus + ligaments |
front 20 What should be included in a pelvic examination | back 20 swabs for PID, speculum examination to look for discharge or bleeding through the cervix |
front 21 what does PUL stand for | back 21 Pregnancy of unknown location where a pregnancy is not confirmed intrauterine or extrauterine and monitored until located |
front 22 how does a miscarriage present | back 22 usually with abnormal vaginal bleeding and or pain in the presence of a positive beta HCG test |
front 23 threatened miscarriage | back 23 examination = cervix is closed, there is a viable pregnancy by transvaginal sonography |
front 24 imminent miscarriage | back 24 examination = cervix is open, products are being expelled from the uterus, imaging shows live pregnancy, cervix is open = miscarriage will result |
front 25 incomplete miscarriage | back 25 symptoms = cramping and discomfort, expelled some products, intervention may not be required but complete miscarriage is common |
front 26 complete miscarriage | back 26 passed all products of conception, no further intervention required |
front 27 silent miscarriage | back 27 missed or delayed. transvaginal sonography shows no viable/live pregnancy or non-progressive pregnancy (foetus has died). Intervention may be surgical or medical. |
front 28 guidelines to consider with ovarian cysts as a cause of acute pelvic pain | back 28 1. association with ovarian torsion (adnexal) |
front 29 ovarian cysts can be physiological. Do these require surgical intervention | back 29 no, the occurrence of follicular cysts and corpora luteal cysts is normal. |
front 30 reproductive physiology of follicular development | back 30 FSH will recruit follicles within the ovarian cortex to increase in size before cystic rupture of ovulation occurs. Rupture occurs and remaining structure fills with blood to become the corpus luteum. |