front 1 adaptation | back 1 a trait that is found in most members of a species |
front 2 allele | back 2 a different form of a gene |
front 3 amino acid | back 3 a molecule that is the building block of proteins |
front 4 antibody | back 4 a substance that the immune system produces to destroy pathogens |
front 5 antigen | back 5 a protein on the surface of a pathogen |
front 6 bacteria | back 6 a one-celled organism that has DNA |
front 7 calorie | back 7 a measurement of energy |
front 8 carrying capacity | back 8 the maximum population an ecosystem can support without losing resources |
front 9 cell | back 9 the basic unit of life |
front 10 cell cycle | back 10 the process of division of a cell into new identical cells |
front 11 chemical reaction | back 11 a process in which the atoms of one or more substances rearrange and change |
front 12 chromosome | back 12 a structure in a cell that contains DNA |
front 13 codon | back 13 a combination of three bases |
front 14 commensalism | back 14 a relationship that benefits one organism, while the other is neither harmed nor helped |
front 15 common ancestor | back 15 an individual in a species history to which all individuals in that species can be traced |
front 16 consumer | back 16 an organism that must eat other organisms to obtain energy |
front 17 decomposer | back 17 an organism that feeds off the dead bodies of a once-living organism |
front 18 DNA | back 18 a double-stranded substance that contains the genetic "blueprint" of an individual |
front 19 dominant | back 19 an allele for which the phenotype will always be present |
front 20 ecosystem | back 20 a community of living organisms and nonliving things that work together to make a balanced system |
front 21 energy pyramid | back 21 a model of the energy flow through an ecosystem |
front 22 enzyme | back 22 a large molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction |
front 23 epigenome | back 23 chemical tag covering the genome |
front 24 fermentation | back 24 the process of producing energy when there is not enough oxygen to break down sugar |
front 25 food chain | back 25 a linear path within a food web |
front 26 food web | back 26 a model of the feeding connections among species |
front 27 gene | back 27 a segment of a chromosome that has codes for a particular trait |
front 28 genome | back 28 an organism's entire set of DNA |
front 29 genotype | back 29 the genetic makeup of an organism |
front 30 homeostasis | back 30 the tendency of a system to achieve a relatively stable equilibrium |
front 31 hormone | back 31 a chemical produced by the body that serves a regulatory role |
front 32 host | back 32 an organism on which a parasite lives |
front 33 immunization | back 33 a process in which the body receives a vaccine |
front 34 infection | back 34 the presence of a pathogen in the body |
front 35 invasive species | back 35 a plant or animal that is not native to an area and has a negative effect on that area |
front 36 limiting factors | back 36 a factor that limits the size of a population |
front 37 meiosis | back 37 a form of cell division by which a single cell divides into four daughter cells |
front 38 metabolism | back 38 the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in an organism to maintain life |
front 39 minerals | back 39 inorganic substances needed in trace amounts for growth and health |
front 40 mitosis | back 40 a form of cell division by which a single cell divides into two identical cells |
front 41 mutation | back 41 a change in DNA |
front 42 mutualism | back 42 a relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit |
front 43 natural selection | back 43 the process in which the individuals with beneficial traits survive |
front 44 negative feedback | back 44 a reaction to change in a way that brings it back to its original state |
front 45 organ | back 45 a substance in the body that is made of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
front 46 organelle | back 46 smaller structure found within a cell |
front 47 parasitism | back 47 a relationship that helps one organism while causing harm to the other |
front 48 pathogen | back 48 an organism that can cause a disease in a living thing |
front 49 phenotype | back 49 a form of a trait that is visible in an organism |
front 50 photosynthesis | back 50 a process in plants that converts light energy to chemical energy |
front 51 producer | back 51 an organism that capture the sun's energy and make their own food |
front 52 protein | back 52 a long molecule used to build body tissues and send signals |
front 53 Punnett Square | back 53 a diagram that shows the possible combinations of genotypes two parent organisms can produce |
front 54 recessive | back 54 an allele for which the phenotype will be present only if the genotype is solely that allele |
front 55 RNA | back 55 a single-stranded substance that carries cellular information |
front 56 speciation | back 56 the process through which a group becomes two or more different species |
front 57 symbiosis | back 57 any relationship between two organisms |
front 58 system | back 58 a combination of organs and tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
front 59 tissue | back 59 substance made of similar cells that work together to perform a specific activity |
front 60 toxin | back 60 poison |
front 61 transcription | back 61 the process of making an RNA copy of a DNA segment |
front 62 translation | back 62 the process in which cells make proteins |
front 63 trophic structure | back 63 the feeding relationship between organisms in an ecosystem |
front 64 vaccine | back 64 a dead or inactive pathogen |
front 65 variation | back 65 differences within individuals of a species |
front 66 virus | back 66 a pathogen that can only reproduce inside the cell of a living thing |
front 67 vitamin | back 67 organic substances needed in trace amounts for growth and health |