front 1 Functional unit of heredity | back 1 Gene |
front 2 Multiple forms of a gene | back 2 Allele |
front 3 Location on chromosome where genes are found | back 3 Locus |
front 4 Complete set of genetic instructions for an organism. RNA or DNA | back 4 Genome |
front 5 Study of chemical nature of gene and how genetic information is replicated and expressed | back 5 Molecular Genetics |
front 6 Frequency of certain traits from one generation to the next | back 6 Transmission Genetics |
front 7 Population of traits; analyzing between populations | back 7 Population Genetics |
front 8 What is the order of cell reproduction? | back 8 1) copy genetic information 2) separate copies 3) division of cell |
front 9 DNA to RNA is the process of _______ | back 9 transcription |
front 10 RNA to protein is the process of _______ | back 10 translation |
front 11 How many chromosomes do humans have? | back 11 46 |
front 12 What protein molecule wraps around in which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin? | back 12 Histone |
front 13 DNA + protein = ? | back 13 Chromatin |
front 14 Structures in a cell that group genes together and composed of chromatin & visible during mitosis | back 14 Chromosome |
front 15 2 sets of genetic information | back 15 Diploid |
front 16 1 set of genetic information | back 16 Haploid |
front 17 Duplicated chromosome | back 17 Sister chromatid |
front 18 Where do spindles attach? | back 18 Kinetochore |
front 19 Where do sister chromatids attach? | back 19 Centromere |
front 20 Homologous pairs do NOT align; random arrangement | back 20 Mitosis |
front 21 Homologous pairs align | back 21 Meiosis |
front 22 Change in sequence; favorable or unfavorable | back 22 Mutation |
front 23 Importance of genes: | back 23
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front 24 Is the coding system for genetic information the same in all living organisms? | back 24 Yes |
front 25 Organisms with characteristics that make them useful for genetic analysis | back 25 Model genetic organisms |
front 26 What are the common characteristics of model organisms? | back 26
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front 27 Unicellular, no membrane-bound organelles | back 27 Prokaryote |
front 28 Unicellular and multicellular with membrane-bound organelles | back 28 Eukaryote |
front 29 Neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic, not a self-sufficient living organism | back 29 Virus |
front 30 Fertilized egg is an example of a _____ | back 30 Zygote |
front 31 Diploid cells have | back 31 Two sets of chromosomes |
front 32 Constricted region of the chromosome where the kinetochores form and spindle microtubules attach | back 32 Centromere |
front 33 Tip of linear chromosome; stable ends of chromosome | back 33 Telomere |
front 34 Where DNA replication begins | back 34 Origins of replication |
front 35 Attachment close to the middle | back 35 Submetacentric |
front 36 Attached at the middle | back 36 Metacentric |
front 37 Attached at the end | back 37 Telocentric |
front 38 Attached near the end | back 38 Acrocentric |
front 39 An extended period between cell divisions, DNA synthesis, and chromosome replication phase | back 39 Interphase |
front 40 Key transition points | back 40 Phase checkpoints |
front 41 Consists of G1, S, G2 and chromosome is NOT visible | back 41 Interphase |
front 42 Separation of cytoplasm | back 42 Cytokinesis |
front 43 What is the order of mitosis? | back 43 PMAT |
front 44 Which phase is the stable, non-dividing period of variable length? | back 44 G0 phase |
front 45 Which phase is the G1/S checkpoint, the growth and development of the cell? | back 45 G1 phase |
front 46 Which phase is the synthesis of DNA? | back 46 S phase |
front 47 Which phase prepares for division and the location of G2/M checkpoint? | back 47 G2 phase |
front 48 Chromosome condense and mitotic spindle forms | back 48 Prophase |
front 49 Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate; spindle-assembly checkpoint | back 49 Metaphase |
front 50 Sister chromatids separate and migrate toward spindle poles | back 50 Anaphase |
front 51 Chromosomes arrive at spindle poles, nuclear envelopment re-forms, and the condensed chromosomes relax. | back 51 Telophase |
front 52 The production of haploid gametes | back 52 Meisosis |
front 53 The fusion of haploid gametes | back 53 Fertilization |
front 54 What is the consequence of meiosis? | back 54 Genetic variation |
front 55 Which meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half (separation of homologous chromosome pairs)? | back 55 Meiosis I |
front 56 Which meiosis has equal division (separation of sister chromatids)? | back 56 Meiosis II |
front 57 Closely associated four-sister chromatids of 2 homologous chromosomes | back 57 Tetrad |
front 58 Close pairing of homologous chromosomes | back 58 Synapsis |
front 59 The exchange of genetic information | back 59 Crossing-over |
front 60 How many cells are produced from each original cell? | back 60 4 |
front 61 Which of the following events takes place in meiosis II but not in meiosis I? | back 61 Separation of chromatids |
front 62 In Meiosis I, what is the phase called where no DNA synthesis takes place? | back 62 Interkinesis |
front 63 Where does crossing over occur? | back 63 Prophase I |
front 64 All mature sperms and eggs are haploid | back 64 True |
front 65 Newly formed cells from meiosis are genetically different from one another and from _____ | back 65 parental cell |
front 66 Does crossing over take place in mitosis? | back 66 No |
front 67 The likelihood of the occurrence of a particular event | back 67 Probability |
front 68 Term "and" is used for this type of probability | back 68 Multiplication Rule |
front 69 Terms "either" "or" for this type of probability | back 69 Addition Rule |
front 70 How are the principles of segregation and independent assortment related, and how are they different? | back 70 Genes encoding different characteristics separate and assort independently of one another when they are not located close together on the same chromosome. Two alleles of the same gene encoding one characteristic still have to be segregated from each other during the formation of gametes |
front 71 What is X? | back 71 Female |
front 72 What is XY? | back 72 Male |
front 73 All cells are diploid, except ______ | back 73 sperm and egg (haploid) |
front 74 Both sexes in the same organism | back 74 Hermaphroditism |
front 75 Both male and female reproductive structures in the same organism | back 75 Monoecious |
front 76 What sex determination mechanism do humans have? | back 76 Dioecious |
front 77 How does the heterogametic sex differ from the homogametic sex? | back 77 Gametes of the heterogametic sex have different sex chromosomes; homogametic sex have the same sex chromosomes |
front 78 Are there sex chromosomes or sex-determining genes? | back 78 Sex-determining genes |
front 79 What are the environmental sex determining factors? | back 79 Position in the stack (Limpets) Temperature in turtles |
front 80 In limpets, the larvae settles on an unoccupied substrate and develop into a _____, which produces chemicals that attract other larvae. | back 80 Female |
front 81 What makes limpets male? | back 81
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front 82 In flies, what is XO? | back 82 Male |
front 83 In flies, what is XXY? | back 83 Female |
front 84 In humans, what is XO? | back 84 Turner's Syndrome |
front 85 In humans, what is XXY? | back 85 Klinefelter Syndrome |
front 86 The _____ gene on the Y chromosome determines maleness | back 86 SRY |
front 87 Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disease in humans. A woman with hemophilia mates with a man who exhibits normal blood clotting. What is the probability that their child will have hemophilia? | back 87 1/2 |