front 1 Afghanistan War | back 1 War betwteen Afghanistan and the United States from 2001-2014 started by the attack on the twin towers.
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front 2 Apartheid | back 2 A policy of segregation in South Africa in the late 20th century. Sanctioned racial segregation and political and economic discrimination of nonwhite inhabitants.
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front 3 Appeasement | back 3 diplomatic tactic of offering concession to aggressor nations or countries in an attempt to avoid or delay war.
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front 4 Armistice | back 4 an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time. Not the end of the war but may constitute an end to hostilities while negotiation takes place.
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front 5 Ams Race | back 5 Competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons, especially in times of war.
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front 6 Baby Boom | back 6 a temporary marked increase in birth rate, especially following World War II. Primarily resulted from the economic prosperity in the 1920's, increase in marriage rate, and counterculture movement.
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front 7 Bay of Pigs | back 7 A bay on the southwestern coast of Cuba. An attempted invasion of Cuba by the United States Cubans to overthrow the government.
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front 8 Berlin Airlift | back 8 Operation by the United States and Great Britain to airlift food and supplies to Berlin in 1948-49 while Russains blockaded the city to te4rminate the alliance between the allies military government of the city.
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front 9 Berlin Wall | back 9 A heavily guarded wall was built to separate East and West Berlin during communist efforts.
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front 10 Black Panthers | back 10 A highly militant Black Power organization who formed the Black Panther for Self Defense. Engaged in socialist and communist ideals believing that violent revolution was the way to achieve the liberation of African Americans. Created armed organization citizen patrols of US cities.
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front 11 Bourgeoisie | back 11 A social order dominated by the middle class. Plays a large role in revolutionizing industry and modernizing society.
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front 12 Boycott | back 12 withdraw from commericial or social relations with a certain group as a protest. Used instead of physical fights.
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front 13 Civil Rights Movement | back 13 Heavily on the rise during the Cold War initiated by President Truman when creating a civil rights agenda.
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front 14 Cold War vs Hot War | back 14 cold war is the political hostility between different countries that is short of open warfare but creates the heavy threat of it. Hot war is when the hostilities lead to actual warfare and cause a full war with numerous casualties.
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front 15 Communism | back 15 An ideology created by Karl Marx where all property is publicly owned and all people are paid according to their abilities and needs.
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front 16 Containment | back 16 a foreign policy to ensure that the Soviet Union is not becoming too powerful and taking territories. Offered aid to Greece and Turkey to limit the expansionist efforts of Russia.
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front 17 Corporation | back 17 A company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law.
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front 18 Coup d'etat | back 18 a sudden and decisive change of government illegally or by force by a small group of people who already have some political or military authority. (SWtroke of State).
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front 19 Cuban Missile Crisis | back 19 JFK discovered there were missiles in Cuba belonging to Russia (Cuba is located closely to the US) and demanded the removal of the weapons. The US created a naval blockade around Cuba until Russia acceded a week later.
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front 20 Dentente | back 20 easing of hostilities between two countries (relaxing of tensions). Period of decreasing hostilities and increasing communication. Most popular for the Cold War in 1960-70's
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front 21 Domino Theory | back 21 The idea that if one country falls to Communism, other countries will fall suit due to an aggressor or coup d'etat from internal or external sources.
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front 22 Embargo | back 22 a government order to restrict commerce and trade with a specific country, or in general. Usually used to impose punishments or prevent certain actions.
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front 23 Glasnost | back 23 Soviet Union policy of open discussion of political and social issues. Liften restrictions on information and debate that had previously been in place.
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front 24 Great Leap Forward | back 24 A Five-year economic plan executed by Mao and the Chinese Communist Party. The goal was to modernize agricultural sectors using communist ideologies.
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front 25 Henry Kissinger | back 25 Secretary of State for the United States. Was responsible for many negotiations and military plans.
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front 26 Hungary 1956 Uprising | back 26 a spontaneous nationwide revolt against the Communist government of Hungary and its Soviet imposed policies. Starte as a student demonstration that clashed with the Soviet Red army and State Security Police.
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front 27 Iran-Contra | back 27 A secret US arms deal that traded missiles and other arms to free some Americans held hostage in Lebanon. The funds from the arms deal helped support the armed conflict in Nicaragua.
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front 28 Iron Curtain | back 28 a political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union and its allies to seal themselves off from open contact with the West and other noncommunist areas after World War II.
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front 29 Joseph Stalin | back 29 dictator of the Union of Soviet socialist Republics (USSR) from 2929 to 1953).
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front 30 Lassiez-faire | back 30 policy of minimum govermental interderence in the economic affairs of individuals and society
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front 31 Liberalism | back 31 a political docterine that takes protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individual to be the central problem of politics. believe government is vital to protect the individual but can also threaten liberty.
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front 32 Korean War | back 32 a war between the democrats and communists of Korea in which the Soviet Union supported Douth Korea and the United Nations supported Noth Korea. Ended with the two conflicting portions to still be divided and negotiations did not help.
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front 33 Mao Zedong | back 33 Chinese Marxist theorist and statesman who helped lead the communist revolution. Communsit revolutionary and founder of the People's Republic of China
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front 34 Margaret Thatcher | back 34 Prime Ministed of the United Kingdom from 1979 until 1990. Resigned due to unpopular policies and power struggles within her own conservative party.
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front 35 The Marshall Plan | back 35 US sponsered program designed to rehabilitate the economics of 17 Westrern and Southern countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive.
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front 36 McCartyism | back 36 Time period in which a series of investigations were used to expose communist inflitration of various areas of the US government.
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front 37 Mikhail Gorbachev | back 37 first president of the Soviet Union and secretary of the Communist Party of the Soveit Union.
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front 38 Nixon Going to China | back 38 a reference to Noxon's visit to China in 1972 to the People's Republic of China and his meeting with Mao Zedong.
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front 39 Nikita Khrushchev | back 39 Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War.
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front 40 Non-alignment Movement | back 40 group of countries that did not align themselves with the United Astates or the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Founded in 1961, included countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
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front 41 Nuremberg Trials | back 41 a series of military tribunals after the end of World War II. Held to prosecute prominent leaders of NAZI Germany for war crimes against peace and crimes against humanity.
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front 42 Perestroika | back 42 a policy of political and economic reform introduced by Soviet leader Gorbashchev in the 1980s. A response to the stagnation and inefficiencies of the Soviet system and was intended to revitalize the country's economy and improve the standard of living for its citizens.
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front 43 Potsdam Conference | back 43 One of the last meetings held during WWII by the allied leaders in Potsdam, Ge3rmany in July-August 1945. Attended by the US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union to establish a post-war order for Europe.
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front 44 Prague Spring | back 44 period of political liberalization and reofrmation in Czech in 1968. In AUgust 1968, Soviet forces invaded Czech and put an end to it, crushing reforms and reimposing Soviet-style authoritarianism on the country.
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front 45 Red Scare | back 45 Period of fear and paranoia in the United States during the early 20th century, marked by the widespread belief that communist and socialist elements were plotting to overthrow the American government. Characterrized by a wave of anti-communist hysteria that led to the persecution of suspected communists and socialists
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front 46 Rapproachement | back 46 reconciliation; period of detente that occured in the 1970's, when the United Sttaes and SOviet Union made efforts to improve their relations and reduce tensions between the two superpowers.
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front 47 Rollback | back 47 strategy of aggressibe containment, involving use of military force to roll back the gains of communist regimes around the world. Based on the belief that the Soviet Union was expansionist and that it was seeking to spread communism around the world.
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front 48 Salvador Allende | back 48 Chilean politician who served as president of Chile from 1970 to 1973. First Marxist in a Latin American country through open elections.
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front 49 Scapegoat | back 49 a person or subject that is blamed for a particular event or situation, often unfairly or unjustly. Innocent people are put to blame to cover up for those who are really at fault.
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front 50 Security Council | back 50 a key institution within the United Nations during the Cold War. Established after World War II as a means of maintaining international peace and security, it was given broad powers to take action to prevent or resolve conflicts around the world.
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front 51 Sputnik | back 51 World's first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union
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front 52 Sufffrage | back 52 refers to the right to vote in political elections. Closely linked to the struggle for human rights and democracy.
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front 53 Star Wars | back 53 Nickname for the strategic defense initiative, a proposed missile defense system that was developed by the United States. Designed to protect the US from a potential nuclear attack by intercepting and destroying incoming missiles.
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front 54 Reaganomics | back 54 refers to the economic policies of Reagan. Based on the principles of supply-side economics, which emphasized the importance of reducing taxes, deregulating industries, and cutting government spending in order to stimulate economic growth.
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front 55 Third World Nation | back 55 Implies poor developing nations. Not always stable, weak economics, and often fighting (2nd and 1st world countries often trying to gain alliance or power). They often haven't picked a side during the Cold War.
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front 56 Total War vs Limited War | back 56 The US favored limited warfare while the Soviet Union favored limited warfare. The uS used it to reach specific goals in preventing the spread of communism. The Soviet Union thought total warfare was needed to ensure that they had dominance over others.
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front 57 Trickle-down economics | back 57 economic theory in the 1980's during the Reagan administration. Giving tax breaks and their incentives to businesses and wealthy individuals, the benefits of the economic growth will eventually "trickle-down" to the rest of the population in the form of increased prosperity and job population.
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front 58 Tet Offensive | back 58 A military campaign was launched by the North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong during the Vietnam war in 1968. The offensive was a surprise attack on South Vietnamese and American forces during the Vietnamese new year holiday Tet. |
front 59 Tuman Docterine | back 59 a foreign policy initiative. Response to the perceived threat posed by the expansion of Soviet influence in Europe and the rest of the world.
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front 60 United Nations | back 60 an international organization founded in 1945 after the end of WWII to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations.
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front 61 U2 Spy Plane | back 61 high altitude reconnaissance aircraft developed by the United States. The U2 was designed to fly at extremely highaltitudes and take photographs of enemy territory, providing valuable intelligence to the US military.
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front 62 Vietnam War | back 62 conflict fought between communsit forces in North Vietnam and the government of south Vietnam.
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front 63 Warsaw Pact | back 63 a military alliance of communist states in Eastern Europe that was established in 1955. Formed as a response to NAO, which was seen as a threat to the security of the Soviet Union and allies
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front 64 Watergate Scandal | back 64 a major political scandal in thhe United States involving President Nixon. Nixon is winning the election and a few republicans broke into the democratic office at the Watergate hotel to look at notes to prepare for the debate
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front 65 Yuppies | back 65 refers to the young urban proffessionals who were known for their materialistic values and consumerist lifestyles. Characterized by a conservative political agenda and a focus on individualism and free-market capitalism
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front 66 CIA | back 66 civilain foreign intelligence service for the US federal government tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world.
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front 67 IRA | back 67 Irish Republic army; a paramilitary organization that was formed in 1919 with the goal of achieving Irish independence from British rule.
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front 68 KGB | back 68 Komitet Gosudarstevennoy Bezopasnosti; main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954-1991. Responsible for gathering intelligence on both foreign and domestic targets.
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front 69 MAD | back 69 Mutually assured Destruction; the doctrine that emerged during the Cold War. Both Sides possessed enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other. If one side launched an attack, it would result in total nuclear warfare.
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front 70 NAFTA | back 70 North American Free Trade Agreement. Trilateral trade bloc between the US, Canada, and Mexico. Eliminated most tariffs and other trade barriers
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