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48 notecards = 12 pages (4 cards per page)

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Anatomy Semester I Block I- Thoracic Wall

front 1

what are teh layers of the thoracic wall from superficial to deep

back 1

skin
superficial fascia
msucles of upper limb, covered by deep fascia: atatched to bones
intercostal muscles: attached to ribs
endothoracic fascia (areolar CT that lines thoracic wall)
parietal pleura (a thin membrane that lines teh cavities that house the lungs)
thoracic cavity

front 2

what is the bony architecthre of teh thorax

back 2

thoracic vertebrae
ribs
sternum: manubrium, body (sternal angle), xiphoid process

front 3

what is the sternal angle

back 3

junction of manubrium and body forms prominent horizontal ridge that may be easily palpated: costal cartilage of 2nd rib attaches here

front 4

what are the muscles of the upper limb

back 4

pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior

front 5

how many intercostal spaces are there

back 5

11

front 6

what is the fiber direction of the external intercostals

back 6

inferomedially (down and in)

front 7

back 7

front 8

what is the outermost intercostal muscle layer

back 8

external intercostals

front 9

where are the external intercostals present

back 9

everywhere but the front 1/2

front 10

where is the external intercostal membrane

back 10

front 1/2 near sternum

front 11

what direction do the external intercostals go

back 11

inferomedially

" hands in pockets"

front 12

what takes over where there is no external intercostal muscles

back 12

anterior/external intercostal membrane

front 13

where are the internal intercostals present

back 13

sternum to angles

front 14

what direction do fibers run of the internal intercostals

back 14

inferolaterally

front 15

what is present where there is not internal intercostals

back 15

posterior/internal intercostal membrane

front 16

where are teh innermost intercostals

back 16

from sides of body to back

front 17

where is the transversus thoracis

back 17

just in front near the sternum, maybe half of where the external intercostal membrane is

front 18

what is present where the transversus thoracis and innermost intercostal isn't

back 18

common membrane of innermost intercostal and transversus thoracis

front 19

what direction do the fibers of the innermost intercostals run

back 19

inferolaterally

front 20

what innervates the thoracic wall

back 20

anterior rami of T1 to T11, called intercostal nerves

front 21

where do the main branches of intercostal nerves run

back 21

costal groove of rib just below the said rib

front 22

where do the collateral branches of the intercostal nerves run

back 22

just above the rib, no groove

front 23

what is the order of the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve in teh costal groove

back 23

superior to inferior VAN

front 24

whta are the blood vessels in intercostal spaces called

back 24

intercostal vessels
- there are anterior and posterior intercostal vessels

front 25

where do the main branches of intercostal vessels run

back 25

with nerve in costal groove

front 26

what is the internal thoracic artery a branch of

back 26

subclavian artery

front 27

what are teh branches of the internal thoracic artery

back 27

first6 anterior intercostal arteries
musculophrenic artery
superior epigastric artery

front 28

what is a continuation of the internal thoracic artery

back 28

superior epigastric artery

front 29

what will the musculophrenic artery give off

back 29

branches 7-9 of anterior intercostal arteries

front 30

what large arteries supply the posterior intercostal area

back 30

supreme intercostal artery
descending aorta

front 31

which posterior intercostal arteries are supplied by the supreme intercostal artery

back 31

1 and 2

front 32

which posterior intercostal arteries are supplied by the descending aorta

back 32

3-11

front 33

when removing fluid/pus from thoracic cavity, where would you stick needle: just superior to rib or just inferior?

back 33

just superior to avoid intercostal nerve that lies below every rib

front 34

what is the breast drainage system like

back 34

axillary and parasternal lymph nodes

front 35

what are the axillary lymph nodes

back 35

pectoral
subscapular
humeral (lateral)
central
apical

front 36

what are the main points of interest on the thoracic diaphragm

back 36

central tendon
aortic opening
esophageal opening
caval opening

front 37

where is the aortic opening

back 37

T12

front 38

where is the esophageal opening

back 38

T10

front 39

where is the caval opening

back 39

T8

front 40

what innervates the diaphragm

back 40

C3, C4, C5

front 41

what four structures form the diaphram embryologically

back 41

septum transversum
2 pleuroperitoneal membranes (folds)
dorsal mesentery of the esophagus
lateral body walls

front 42

what is the septum transversum

back 42

transverse sheet of mesoderm that separates the pericardial (heart) cavity from the peritoneal cavity

front 43

what are the pleuroperitoneal membranes/folds

back 43

membranes taht are forming as the lungs develop

front 44

what is the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus

back 44

mesentery of peritoneum holding the esophagus in place

front 45

what are the lateral body walls

back 45

muscular components

front 46

how is the septum transversum originally oriented

back 46

lies at C3-C5 somite levels (hence its innervation)

front 47

why does the dorsal part of the diaphragm migrate from C5 to L1?

back 47

due to rapid growth of the dorsal part of the body during weeks 5-7

front 48

what is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia

back 48

result of one of the pleuroperitoneal membranes failing to completely form/fuse with the other diaphragm components, usually on the left side