front 1 what are teh layers of the thoracic wall from superficial to deep | back 1 skin
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front 2 what is the bony architecthre of teh thorax | back 2 thoracic vertebrae
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front 3 what is the sternal angle | back 3 junction of manubrium and body forms prominent horizontal ridge that may be easily palpated: costal cartilage of 2nd rib attaches here |
front 4 what are the muscles of the upper limb | back 4 pectoralis major
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front 5 how many intercostal spaces are there | back 5 11 |
front 6 what is the fiber direction of the external intercostals | back 6 inferomedially (down and in) |
front 7 ![]() | back 7 ![]() |
front 8 what is the outermost intercostal muscle layer | back 8 external intercostals |
front 9 where are the external intercostals present | back 9 everywhere but the front 1/2 |
front 10 where is the external intercostal membrane | back 10 front 1/2 near sternum |
front 11 what direction do the external intercostals go | back 11 inferomedially
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front 12 what takes over where there is no external intercostal muscles | back 12 anterior/external intercostal membrane |
front 13 where are the internal intercostals present | back 13 sternum to angles |
front 14 what direction do fibers run of the internal intercostals | back 14 inferolaterally |
front 15 what is present where there is not internal intercostals | back 15 posterior/internal intercostal membrane |
front 16 where are teh innermost intercostals | back 16 from sides of body to back |
front 17 where is the transversus thoracis | back 17 just in front near the sternum, maybe half of where the external intercostal membrane is |
front 18 what is present where the transversus thoracis and innermost intercostal isn't | back 18 common membrane of innermost intercostal and transversus thoracis |
front 19 what direction do the fibers of the innermost intercostals run | back 19 inferolaterally |
front 20 what innervates the thoracic wall | back 20 anterior rami of T1 to T11, called intercostal nerves |
front 21 where do the main branches of intercostal nerves run | back 21 costal groove of rib just below the said rib |
front 22 where do the collateral branches of the intercostal nerves run | back 22 just above the rib, no groove |
front 23 what is the order of the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve in teh costal groove | back 23 superior to inferior VAN |
front 24 whta are the blood vessels in intercostal spaces called | back 24 intercostal vessels
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front 25 where do the main branches of intercostal vessels run | back 25 with nerve in costal groove |
front 26 what is the internal thoracic artery a branch of | back 26 subclavian artery |
front 27 what are teh branches of the internal thoracic artery | back 27 first6 anterior intercostal arteries
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front 28 what is a continuation of the internal thoracic artery | back 28 superior epigastric artery |
front 29 what will the musculophrenic artery give off | back 29 branches 7-9 of anterior intercostal arteries |
front 30 what large arteries supply the posterior intercostal area | back 30 supreme intercostal artery
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front 31 which posterior intercostal arteries are supplied by the supreme intercostal artery | back 31 1 and 2 |
front 32 which posterior intercostal arteries are supplied by the descending aorta | back 32 3-11 |
front 33 when removing fluid/pus from thoracic cavity, where would you stick needle: just superior to rib or just inferior? | back 33 just superior to avoid intercostal nerve that lies below every rib |
front 34 what is the breast drainage system like | back 34 axillary and parasternal lymph nodes |
front 35 what are the axillary lymph nodes | back 35 pectoral
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front 36 what are the main points of interest on the thoracic diaphragm | back 36 central tendon
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front 37 where is the aortic opening | back 37 T12 |
front 38 where is the esophageal opening | back 38 T10 |
front 39 where is the caval opening | back 39 T8 |
front 40 what innervates the diaphragm | back 40 C3, C4, C5 |
front 41 what four structures form the diaphram embryologically | back 41 septum transversum
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front 42 what is the septum transversum | back 42 transverse sheet of mesoderm that separates the pericardial (heart) cavity from the peritoneal cavity |
front 43 what are the pleuroperitoneal membranes/folds | back 43 membranes taht are forming as the lungs develop |
front 44 what is the dorsal mesentery of the esophagus | back 44 mesentery of peritoneum holding the esophagus in place |
front 45 what are the lateral body walls | back 45 muscular components |
front 46 how is the septum transversum originally oriented | back 46 lies at C3-C5 somite levels (hence its innervation) |
front 47 why does the dorsal part of the diaphragm migrate from C5 to L1? | back 47 due to rapid growth of the dorsal part of the body during weeks 5-7 |
front 48 what is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia | back 48 result of one of the pleuroperitoneal membranes failing to completely form/fuse with the other diaphragm components, usually on the left side |