front 1 The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is | back 1 intravenous therapy. |
front 2 The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are characteristic of | back 2 interstitial cystitis. |
front 3 A patient diagnosed with a micropenis must be evaluated for | back 3 endocrine disorders |
front 4 In addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include | back 4 hematuria. |
front 5 Which group is at the highest risk for urinary tract infection? | back 5 Sexually active women |
front 6 Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test. | back 6 Papanicolaou |
front 7 Hypotension is both a cause of chronic kidney disease and a result of chronic kidney disease. | back 7 False |
front 8 Pelvic floor muscle training is appropriate for | back 8 urge incontinence. |
front 9 It is true that fibrocystic breast disease | back 9 may be exacerbated by methylxanthines. |
front 10 A patient has ureteral colic. The manifestation that requires immediate notification of the physician is | back 10 chills and fever. |
front 11 The most common types of uterine tumors are known as | back 11 leiomyomas. |
front 12 Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with | back 12 recurrent cystitis. |
front 13 The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is | back 13 hematuria. |
front 14 The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage? | back 14 Stage II |
front 15 Erection requires the release of nitrous oxide into the corpus cavernosum during sexual stimulation. | back 15 True |
front 16 The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence | back 16 is caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with the detrusor muscle. |
front 17 The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is | back 17 Escherichia coli. |
front 18 Infection can lead to bladder stone formation. | back 18 True |
front 19 Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called | back 19 overflow incontinence. |
front 20 The disorder characterized by a neurologic lesion that affects bladder control is | back 20 neurogenic bladder. |
front 21 The most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is | back 21 contrast media. |
front 22 Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease? | back 22 ACE inhibitors |
front 23 One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is | back 23 pelvic tumor. |
front 24 In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is | back 24 urinary retention and reflux. |
front 25 Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include | back 25 proteinuria. |
front 26 The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is | back 26 sepsis. |
front 27 The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is | back 27 An immune complex reaction. |
front 28 The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the | back 28 man who has chronic urinary tract infections. |
front 29 One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is | back 29 ischemic conditions. |
front 30 Renal insufficiency occurs when _____ of the nephrons are not functional. | back 30 75% to 90% |
front 31 Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because | back 31 they are deficient in active vitamin D. |
front 32 The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is | back 32 insufficient erythropoietin. |
front 33 The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury. | back 33 tubular |
front 34 A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is | back 34 Dehydration. |
front 35 Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by | back 35 bilateral kidney stones. |
front 36 The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is | back 36 hyperkalemia |
front 37 The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is | back 37 infection by E. coli. |
front 38 Which condition is caused by a genetic defect? | back 38 Polycystic kidney disease |
front 39 Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because | back 39 hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids. |
front 40 Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as | back 40 hyperemesis gravidarum. |
front 41 A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing | back 41 dysmenorrhea. |
front 42 A ureterocele is | back 42 a cystic dilation of a ureter. |
front 43 A patient injured severely in a motor vehicle accident is hospitalized with acute kidney injury as well as multiple broken bones and lacerations. When family members ask what is meant by the term ‘prerenal,’ the nurse responds | back 43 “Your husband’s kidney injury did not start in the kidney itself, but rather in the blood flow to the kidney.” |
front 44 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by | back 44 absent or diminished levels of progesterone. |
front 45 A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of | back 45 prostatic enlargement. |
front 46 A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes | back 46 early menarche and late first pregnancy. |
front 47 Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the | back 47 cardinal ligaments. |
front 48 The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is | back 48 smoking. |
front 49 Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis. | back 49 Candida albicans |
front 50 Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by | back 50 Severe hypotension. |
front 51 Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by | back 51 hypercalciuria. |
front 52 The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is | back 52 acute glomerulonephritis. |
front 53 The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease is | back 53 insufficient metabolic acid excretion resulting from nephron loss. |
front 54 The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is | back 54 pain. |
front 55 When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, “What causes my urine to be so full of protein,” the nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that | back 55 the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. |
front 56 The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is | back 56 throat infection. |
front 57 The major cause of glomerulonephritis is | back 57 immune system damage to the glomeruli. |
front 58 The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of ________ kidney stones. | back 58 struvite |
front 59 Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine. | back 59 protein |
front 60 The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is | back 60 hydronephrosis. |
front 61 A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, “Why is my urine the color of coffee?”, the nurse responds | back 61 “Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored.” |
front 62 A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience | back 62 fever. |
front 63 Absence of menstruation is called | back 63 amenorrhea. |
front 64 A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn’t get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is | back 64 functional. |
front 65 Detrusor muscle overactivity can be improved by administration of | back 65 botulinum toxin. |
front 66 The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age | back 66 9 |
front 67 Sexual impotence is rarely because of | back 67 primary causes. |
front 68 A 52-year-old female had a surgical procedure in which the breast, lymphatics, and underlying muscle were removed. The procedure performed was a | back 68 radical mastectomy. |
front 69 What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease? | back 69 Uremia |
front 70 The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is | back 70 crescentic glomerulonephritis. |
front 71 A common component of renal calculi is | back 71 calcium. |
front 72 Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing | back 72 acute tubular necrosis. |
front 73 One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is | back 73 hypertension. |
front 74 If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience | back 74 polyuria and sodium wasting. |
front 75 The risk for contrast media–induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in | back 75 a 70-year-old patient with heart failure. |
front 76 The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is | back 76 renal colic. |
front 77 The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is | back 77 serum creatinine. |
front 78 The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called | back 78 nephralgia. |
front 79 Phimosis is a disorder of the penis characterized by | back 79 inability to retract the foreskin. |
front 80 The prognosis of penile carcinoma depends upon the stage of the disease. | back 80 True |
front 81 The condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsal aspect of the penis is known as | back 81 epispadias. |
front 82 The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is | back 82 oliguria. |
front 83 Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve the insertion of a(n) ________ to hold the uterus in place. | back 83 pessary. |
front 84 The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as basal cell carcinoma. | back 84 False |
front 85 What reproductive tract disorder is most likely to be associated with urinary stress incontinence? | back 85 Cystocele |
front 86 The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is | back 86 less than 100 mL |
front 87 Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause | back 87 bladder contraction. |
front 88 The best intervention for acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevention. | back 88 True |
front 89 Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause | back 89 hematuria. |
front 90 Glomerular disorders include | back 90 nephrotic syndrome. |
front 91 Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of | back 91 hyperparathyroidism. |
front 92 A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be | back 92 uric acid crystals. |
front 93 The direct cause of stress incontinence is | back 93 pelvic muscle weakness. |
front 94 In patients with polycystic kidney disease, renal failure is expected to progress over time as the cystic process destroys more nephrons. At what point will a patient reach end-stage renal disease? | back 94 Greater than 90% nephron loss |
front 95 The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is | back 95 Escherichia coli. |
front 96 A change occurring in a pregnant woman that is indicative of a potential disorder is | back 96 increased urinary protein. |
front 97 Cryptorchidism is | back 97 associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer. |
front 98 Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include | back 98 hematuria. |
front 99 It is true that polycystic kidney disease is | back 99 genetically transmitted. |