front 1 Babies naturally know how to crawl. They do it without practice as soon as you put them down on the floor. (True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 1 False |
front 2 Babies cannot hear in utero.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 2 False |
front 3 Newborns can differentiate sweet, sour, bitter, and salty tastes.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 3 True |
front 4 A normative sequence of motor development is grasping, sitting, crawling, walking, and standing.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 4 True |
front 5 A child's threshold for arousal which could be evidenced at the psychological, emotion, or motor level is called reactive-regulation. (True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 5 False, responsiveness |
front 6 A child's self-regulator capacities, or behavioral inhibition, may range from bold to brazen to inhibited and cautious. (True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 6 True |
front 7 Children react differently in a variety of situations, thus revealing that child temperament is a complex picture of the interaction of child and environment characteristics. (True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 7 True |
front 8 The ability to crawl has no relevance to the development of attachment. (True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 8 False |
front 9 Stranger anxiety is considered to be a normal development behavior that demonstrates a child's growing preference for the object of attachment.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 9 True |
front 10 Once an attachment has been formed, children become less and less comfortable about separating from the object of attachment.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 10 False, they become more confident in separating |
front 11 In the United States, about two-thirds of the mother-infant dyads who have been evaluated in the Strange Situation show evidence of an anxious-avoidant attachment.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 11 False, secure attachment |
front 12 The exploratory behavior of babies who show an anxious-resistant attachment is noticeably disrupted by the caregiver's departure.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 12 True |
front 13 The kinds of quality of relationships in the first six months of life have no relevance in the formation of attachments.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 13 False |
front 14 Cross-cultured research on infant attachment supports that there is little variation in parent-child interactions across racial and ethnic groups.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 14 False |
front 15 According to Piaget, reflexes are the built-in, genetic origins of intelligence.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 15 True |
front 16 Categorization requires the ability to name objects.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 16 False, information processing (grouping colors or shapes) |
front 17 According to Piaget, sensorimotor adaptation is the chief mechanism governing the growth of intelligence during infancy.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 17 True |
front 18 Adults have measurable emotional reactions to infant crying including changes in heart rate and breathing which indicate that the cry serves as a stressor. (True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 18 True |
front 19 In the first 2 years of life, infants have states of arousal but no true expression of emotions. (True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 19 False |
front 20 Emotions provide a way for adults to assess an infants inner state.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 20 True |
front 21 Infant reflexes, such as the startle response provide a biological basis for mistrust.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 21 True |
front 22 One way newborns reduce the intensity of distress is by turning their heads away.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 22 True |
front 23 In normal mother-infant dyads, communication becomes increasingly mismatched as the baby matures.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 23 False |
front 24 In the intervention study that focused on distressed mother-infant dyads at risk for attachment disturbances, it was found that it was not possible to repair these attachment relationships.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 24 False |
front 25 Fathers tend to view their infants as less cognitively and socially competent than mothers do.(True or False-if False correct answer is given) | back 25 True |
front 26 Strategies for dealing with intense emotions | back 26 Emotional regulation |
front 27 Rhythmic, well-times, appropriately responsive interactions | back 27 Synchrony |
front 28 A time of maximum sensitivity to or readiness for the development of a particular skill or behavior pattern | back 28 Critical period |
front 29 A strong, affectionate bond that develops between infants and their caregivers | back 29 Social attachment |
front 30 The ability of two people to meet each other's needs and share each other's concerns and feelings | back 30 Mutuality |
front 31 Feelings of fear or sadness associated with the departure of the attachment figure | back 31 Separation anxiety |
front 32 An emotional sense that the environment is capable of meeting one's basic needs and that one is worthy of the love of others | back 32 Trust |
front 33 Relatively stable characteristics of response to environment stimuli, largely under genetic control | back 33 Temperament |
front 34 The ability of two or more people to know what one other is experiencing | back 34 Intersubjectivity |
front 35 A sense of unpredictability in the environment and suspicion about one's own worth or doubt that one's needs will be met | back 35 Mistrust |
front 36 A scheme acquired during the sensorimotor stage of development in which infants become aware that an object continues to exist when it is hidden or moved from place to place | back 36 Object permanence |
front 37 In Piaget's theory of development , the first stage of cognitive growth during which schema are established on the basis of sensory and motor experiences | back 37 Sensoryimotor intelligence |
front 38 Sensory experiences can strengthen certain neural pathways in the infant brain while less used pathways may disappear. This is called________. | back 38 Habituation |
front 39 Which of the following sensory/motor systems is LEAST well developed in newborns?
| back 39 Voluntary motor activity |
front 40 Which of the following motor skills is NOT acquired during the first year of life?
| back 40 Running |
front 41 Infants who are inactive and have mild, low-key reactions to new environmental stimuli, are generally negative in mood, and have a hard time adjusting to new situations. They are considered to fall within which temperament category?
| back 41 Difficult |
front 42 During the second half of the first year, two signs of a child's growing attachment to a specific other person are__________. | back 42 Stranger anxiety and separation anxiety |
front 43 One year old Ben often returns to his father repeatedly for a hug when playing with his trucks on the family room floor. Returning to his father shows that Ben is using his father as a_______. | back 43 Secure base |
front 44 An example of a formed attachment is_______. | back 44 An infant tries to maintain physical contact with the object of attachment |
front 45 Corey actively explores the living room at his aunt's house while his mother is sitting on the couch. When she leaves to get a drink in the kitchen, Corey fusses, but he calms down quickly as soon as she returns. Corey may be best described as having a(n)________attachment. | back 45 Secure |
front 46 According to Piaget's theory, what is the primary mechanism underlying the growth of intelligence during infancy? | back 46 Sensorimotor adaptation |
front 47 The first phase in the development of casual schemes in the phase of______. | back 47 Circular reactions |
front 48 An example of sensorimotor intelligence is____. | back 48 Sucking differently from a bottle and from a breast |
front 49 6 month old Ricky discovers that if he lets his spoon drop it will fall to the floor and make a noise. He repeats this for delight. This behavior is________. | back 49 Sensorimotor causality |
front 50 __________ is among the earliest emotions expressed in infancy before 6 months of age. | back 50 Pleasure |
front 51 _____________ illustrates how members of a cultural group build a shared view of reality during infancy. | back 51 Intersubjectivity |
front 52 In infancy trust refers to the infant's sense that he or she is ________. | back 52 Valued |
front 53 Mistrust may develop if a caregiver is unusably harsh while meeting an infant's needs or if_____________. | back 53 the caregiver cannot identify the child's needs and respond appropriately to them. |
front 54 ________ is a central process for resolving the psychosocial crisis of infancy | back 54 Mutuality with the caregiver |
front 55 A critical period refers to____________. | back 55 a time of maximal readiness for the development of some behavior. |
front 56 Within the process of communication the pattern of coordination, mismatch, and repair builds a sense of ________ between the infant and caregiver. | back 56 mutuality |
front 57 In their parental roles, mothers in the United States tend to emphasize ________ while fathers tend to emphasize ________. | back 57 the process of development; product |