Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

76 notecards = 19 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Structure and Function of the Muscular, Nervous, and Skeletal Systems

front 1

The activation of a muscle to generate force.

back 1

muscle contraction

front 2

The type of muscle that attaches to bones, causing then to move around joints.

back 2

skeletal muscle

front 3

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle.

back 3

epimysium

front 4

A bundle of muscle fibers.

back 4

fascilulus

front 5

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds each fascilulus.

back 5

perimysium

front 6

The layer of connective tissue that separates adjacent muscle fibers within a fascilulus.

back 6

endomysium

front 7

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.

back 7

sarcolemma

front 8

Electrical impulses conducted by the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber.

back 8

action potentials

front 9

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber.

back 9

sarcoplasm

front 10

The only direct source of energy for muscle actions.

back 10

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

front 11

The site of aerobic ATP production within the muscle cell.

back 11

mitochondria

front 12

The site of calcium storage and release within the muscle cell.

back 12

sarcoplasmic reticulum

front 13

Protein structures that run parallel to the length of the muscle fiber.

back 13

myofibrils

front 14

Bundles of proteins comprising each myofibril.

back 14

myofilaments

front 15

The two contractile proteins that primarily comprise myofilaments.

back 15

myosin (thick) and actin (thin)

front 16

The protein that maintains the position of the myosin filament relative to actin.

back 16

titin

front 17

The two regulatory proteins that mediate interactions between myosin and actin.

back 17

tropomysin and troponin

front 18

The protein that ensures the actin filaments are the correct length.

back 18

nebulin

front 19

The basic contractile unit of muscle.

back 19

sarcomere

front 20

The line to which actin filaments are anchored, representing the boundaries of each sarcomere.

back 20

Z-line

front 21

The band determined by the width of the myosin filament, providing the "dark" striation of skeletal muscle.

back 21

A-band

front 22

The zone within area of the A-band that contains myosin, but not actin.

back 22

H-zone

front 23

The dark line in the middle of the H-zone which helps align adjacent myosin filaments.

back 23

M-line

front 24

The band that spans the distance between myosin filaments of two adjacent sarcomeres, providing the "light" striation of skeletal muscle.

back 24

I-band

front 25

The specialized interface between the nervous and muscle systems.

back 25

neuromuscular junction

front 26

The region of the muscle cell membrane adjacent to the axon terminal.

back 26

motor endplate

front 27

The space between the axon terminal and motor endplate.

back 27

synaptic cleft

front 28

The most widely accepted theory of muscle action, which postulates that muscles shorten and lengthen due to changes in the amount of overlap of actin and myosin filament.

back 28

sliding filament theory

front 29

The excitatory neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular juntion.

back 29

acetylcholine (ACh)

front 30

Structures within the axon terminal which store ACh when the neuron is at rest.

back 30

synaptic vesicles

front 31

The ion that binds to troponin, causing a shift in tropomysin that exposes the binding sites on actin.

back 31

calcium

front 32

The attachment formed between the binding sites on actin and the myosin head.

back 32

crossbridge

front 33

The enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of the phosphate bond in ATP to form ADP and Pi.

back 33

adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)

front 34

The muscle action that results when the force generated by a muscle is greater than the external resistance.

back 34

concentric muscle action

front 35

The muscle action that results when the force generated by a muscle is less than the external resistance.

back 35

eccentric muscle action

front 36

The muscle action that results when the force generated by a muscle is equal to the external resistance.

back 36

isometric muscle action

front 37

Muscle pain occurring 24 to 48 hours following exercise most likely caused by tissue damage and inflammation.

back 37

delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

front 38

The ability of a muscle fiber to produce ATP aerobically.

back 38

oxidative capacity

front 39

The protein that delivers oxygen from the muscle cell membrane to the mitochondria.

back 39

myoglobin

front 40

The amount of force that a muscle fiber can produce relative to it's size.

back 40

specific tension

front 41

Muscle fibers with high oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance.

back 41

type I (slow oxidative)

front 42

Muscle fibers with moderate oxidative capacity and anaerobic capacity.

back 42

type IIa (fast oxidative glycolytic)

front 43

Muscle fibers with high anaerobic capacity and contractile force.

back 43

type IIx (fast glycolytic)

front 44

The division of the nervous system comprised of the brain and spinal cord.

back 44

central nervous system

front 45

The division of the nervous system which lies outside of the central nervous system.

back 45

peripheral nervous system

front 46

The division of the peripheral nervous system which relays impulses from the CNS to the periphery.

back 46

motor division

front 47

The division of the peripheral nervous system which relays impulses from the periphery to the CNS.

back 47

sensory division

front 48

The division of the nervous system responsible for activating skeletal muscles.

back 48

somatatic nervous system

front 49

The division of the nervous system responsible for involuntary functions.

back 49

autonomic nervous system

front 50

The basic unit of the nervous system.

back 50

neuron

front 51

Neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to muscles.

back 51

motor (efferent) neurons

front 52

Neurons that conduct impulses from the periphery to the CNS.

back 52

sensory (afferent) neurons

front 53

The site of communication between two neurons, or a neuron and a gland or muscle cell.

back 53

synapse

front 54

Projections from the neuron cell body that recieve signals from other neurons.

back 54

dendrites

front 55

A sensory organ found in skeletal muscles which is sensitive to lengthening force.

back 55

muscle spindle

front 56

The reflex mediated by muscle spindles, which results in muscle fiber contraction in response to rapid changes in lengthening force.

back 56

myotatic (stretch) reflex

front 57

A sensory organ located at the junction of the muscle and tendon which is sensitive to changes in the contractile force.

back 57

Golgi tendon organ

front 58

The reflex mediated by the Golgi tendon organ, which results in muscle fiber relaxation in response to rapid changes in contractile force.

back 58

Golgi tendon (inverse stretch) reflex

front 59

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it innervates.

back 59

motor unit

front 60

An increase in the number of motor units that are activated to generate force.

back 60

motor unit recruitment

front 61

An increase in the firing rate of motor units that are activated to generate force.

back 61

rate coding

front 62

The first motor units recruited are smaller, type I motor units, followed by larger type IIa, then type IIx.

back 62

size principle of motor unit recruitment

front 63

The portion of the skeletal system composed of the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs.

back 63

axial skeleton

front 64

The portion of the skeletal system composed of the bones of the upper and lower limbs.

back 64

appendicular skeleton

front 65

The constant, dynamic breaking down of bone by osteoclasts and building up of bone by osteoblasts.

back 65

bone remodeling

front 66

Hard, dense bone found primarily on the outer layers of the shafts of long bones.

back 66

cortical (compact) bone

front 67

Less dense bone found primarily in the interior of long bones, vertebrae, and the head of the femur.

back 67

cancellous (spongy) bone

front 68

The synthesis of blood cells.

back 68

hematopoisis

front 69

A condition in which the bones become weak and brittle.

back 69

osteoporosis

front 70

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

back 70

tendons

front 71

Connective tissue that attaches bones to other bones.

back 71

ligaments

front 72

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds skeletal muscle?

  1. epimysium
  2. endomysium
  3. perimysium
  4. fascicle

back 72

A. epimysium

front 73

How many neuromuscular junctions does each muscle fiber have?

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4

back 73

A. 1

front 74

Which of the following branches of the nervous system is responsible for activating skeletal muscles?

  1. sensory
  2. autonomic
  3. afferent
  4. somatic

back 74

D. somatic

front 75

Which division of the skeleton contains the skull and vertebral column?

  1. axial skeleton
  2. appendicular skeleton
  3. central skeleton
  4. peripheral skeleton

back 75

A. axial skeleton

front 76

Which of the following connective tissues connects muscle to bone?

  1. ligament
  2. tendon
  3. cartilage
  4. collagen

back 76

B. tendon