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Campbell Biology Ch 32 PT MB

front 1

Which characteristic below is shared by the majority of plants, fungi, and animals?
A)They have cell walls.
B)They are multicellular eukaryotes.
C)They are held together by structural proteins.
D)They are autotrophs.
E)They have muscle and nerve cells.

back 1

B)They are multicellular eukaryotes.

front 2

Animals probably evolved from colonial protists. How do animals differ from these protist ancestors?
A)The protists were prokaryotic.
B)Animals have more specialized cells.
C)The protists were heterotrophic.
D)The protists were autotrophic.
E)Animals are able to reproduce.

back 2

B)Animals have more specialized cells.

front 3

During the development of most animals, cleavage leads to _____.
A)the formation of a zygote
B)a multicelled blastula
C)the formation of a gastrula
D)fertilization
E)metamorphosis

back 3

B)a multicelled blastula

front 4

Which trait below is a common feature of all animals?
A)a homeobox-containing family of genes called Hox genes
B)bilateral symmetry
C)true tissues
D)a true coelom
E)only sexual reproduction

back 4

A)a homeobox-containing family of genes called Hox genes

front 5

Many young animals are _____, a sexually immature form that is morphologically distinct from the adult stage. These young animals undergo _____ to become _____, which resemble adults but are not yet sexually mature.
A)larvae; metamorphosis; juveniles
B)larvae; metamorphosis; adults
C)juvenile; metamorphosis; adults
D)juvenile; gastrulation; adults
E)larvae; gastrulation; juveniles

back 5

A)larvae; metamorphosis; juveniles

front 6

Which of the following correctly lists the embryonic stages in the order that they develop?
A)zygote, blastula, gastrula, larva
B)blastula, zygote, gastrula, larva
C)zygote, larva, gastrula, blastula
D)zygote, gastrula, blastula, larva
E)zygote, blastula, larva, gastrula

back 6

A)zygote, blastula, gastrula, larva

front 7

Which example below is a current hypothesis regarding the Cambrian explosion?
A)An increase in atmospheric CO2 led to an explosion of plants and life-forms that fed on plants.
B)Predator-prey relationships decreased diversity through natural selection.
C)A rise in atmospheric nitrogen led to success of large animals with higher metabolic rates.
D)Evolution of the Hox gene complex provided developmental flexibility.
E)all of the above

back 7

D)Evolution of the Hox gene complex provided developmental flexibility.

front 8

Which of the following occurred during the Mesozoic era?
A)Marine reptiles disappeared.
B)Large mammalian herbivores and carnivores arose.
C)Flight evolved in pterosaurs and birds.
D)Fishes emerged as top predators in marine food webs.
E)A great diversity of new body plans emerged among animals.

back 8

C)Flight evolved in pterosaurs and birds.

front 9

Symmetry is one of the most basic characteristics of animals. The group that has a different symmetry from the other four groups listed here is the _____.
A)arthropods
B)chordates
C)molluscs
D)jellies
E)annelids

back 9

D)jellies

front 10

Which of the following is associated with bilateral symmetry?
A)a sessile lifestyle
B)a lack of true tissues
C)sponges
D)no mesoderm
E)cephalization

back 10

E)cephalization

front 11

"Cephalization" refers to having _____.
A)radial symmetry
B)a right and a left side
C)a head
D)a dorsal and a ventral surface
E)ectoderm

back 11

C)a head

front 12

Unlike other animals, sponges _____.
A)are unicellular
B)possess cell walls
C)lack true tissues
D)exhibit bilateral symmetry
E)are prokaryotic

back 12

C)lack true tissues

front 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?
A)triploblastic bodies
B)mesoderm
C)ectoderm and endoderm
D)a lack of true tissues
E)bilateral symmetry

back 13

C)ectoderm and endoderm

front 14

In the embryo of shark, ectoderm gives rise to _____; mesoderm gives rise to _____; endoderm gives rise to _____.
A)muscle; the outer covering of the animal; the central nervous system
B)the lining of the digestive tract; muscle; the outer covering of the animal
C)the central nervous system; the outer covering of the animal; the lining of the digestive tube
D)muscle; the outer covering of the animal; the lining of the digestive tube
E)the central nervous system; muscle; the lining of the digestive tube

back 14

E)the central nervous system; muscle; the lining of the digestive tube

front 15

All animals with bilateral symmetry have _____ germ layer(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

back 15

C)three

front 16

A true coelom is _____.
A)a body cavity lined with tissues derived from the endoderm
B)a body cavity lined with endoderm and mesoderm
C)a body cavity lined with mesoderm
D)a thoracic body cavity
E)an abdominal body cavity

back 16

C)a body cavity lined with mesoderm

front 17

One of the primary developmental/anatomical characteristics distinguishing the major animal phyla is the condition of the body cavity. A pseudocoelomate animal is one in which the body cavity is _____.
A)bounded completely by mesoderm
B)filled by a solid mass of mesoderm
C)bounded completely by endoderm
D)bounded partly by ectoderm
E)formed from mesoderm and endoderm

back 17

E)formed from mesoderm and endoderm

front 18

The presence of a coelom is advantageous because _____.
A)it allows for a third embryonic germ layer
B)it permits the development of an open circulatory system
C)it allows room for the development and movement of internal organs
D)it is necessary for a complete digestive tract
E)all of the above

back 18

C)it allows room for the development and movement of internal organs

front 19

Indeterminate cleavage is a process that produces embryonic cells that _____.
A)retain the capacity to develop into a complete embryo
B)form eggs or sperm
C)engage in photosynthesis
D)form ectoderm but not endoderm or mesoderm
E)form mesoderm but not endoderm or ectoderm

back 19

A)retain the capacity to develop into a complete embryo

front 20

The zygotes of many protostomes undergo _____ cleavage and _____ cleavage.
A)spiral; radial
B)determinate; indeterminate
C)radial; indeterminate
D)radial; determinate
E)determinate; spiral

back 20

E)determinate; spiral

front 21

An animal with a true coelom that has _____ cleavage must be a _____.
A)radial; protostome
B)radial; deuterostome
C)spiral; deuterostome
D)spiral; endostome
E)all of the above

back 21

B)radial; deuterostome

front 22

Which of the following is a trait shared by protostomes and deuterostomes?
A)a body cavity
B)spiral cleavage
C)determinate cleavage
D)radial cleavage
E)indeterminate cleavage

back 22

A)a body cavity

front 23

Which one of the following is characteristic of protostomes?
A)The blastopore forms the anus.
B)Ectoderm forms the muscles.
C)The digestive tract is incomplete.
D)Cell fate is determined early during embryonic development.
E)Mesoderm forms appendages.

back 23

D)Cell fate is determined early during embryonic development.

front 24

The text describes two phylogenetic hypotheses regarding the relationships of the animal phyla. The tree that is based on molecular evidence differs from the tree based on morphological evidence in that it _____.
A)depicts sponges as basal animals
B)depicts cnidarians as basal eumetazoans
C)suggests that the animal clade is polyphyletic
D)divides protostomes into two taxa
E)all of the above

back 24

D)divides protostomes into two taxa

front 25

Which of the following is the defining characteristic of the clade Ecdysozoa for which this group is named?
A)a horseshoe-shaped crown of ciliated tentacles
B)a trochophore larva
C)the secretion of stiff external skeletons that must be shed to permit growth
D)segmented bodies
E)lack of true tissues

back 25

C)the secretion of stiff external skeletons that must be shed to permit growth