front 1 __________ is an herbal constituent which is not an anticoagulant but
rather a venotonic; __________ is a naturally occurring compound which
is a strong anticoagulant; __________ is an anticoagulant drug based
on a naturally occurring compound. | back 1 c. coumarin, dicoumarol, phenprocoumon |
front 2 A transplant patient was receiving anti-rejection therapy with the
immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin, and began taking a botanical
substance. A routine examination later indicated that acute rejection
of the new organ was beginning to take place. Which substance was
implicated in this effect? | back 2 d. St. John’s Wort |
front 3 According to our text, the major source of substances which present a
risk of adverse interactions with drugs is: | back 3 c. compounds found in foods and beverages |
front 4 Amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, and ritonavir are
__________ which should not be taken with __________ because the
latter has been found to disturb plasma levels of the drugs. | back 4 d. antivirals; Hypericum perforatum |
front 5 An herb which __________ an enzyme will tend to enhance the
metabolism and/or clearance of a drug which is processed by that
enzyme; and herb which __________ an enzyme will diminish the
metabolism and/or clearance of a drug which is processed by that
enzyme. | back 5 b. induces, inhibits |
front 6 An inaccurate analysis has stated that compounds in Feverfew have
been shown to inhibit platelet activity, and thus it should not be
taken with anticoagulant herbs. What is wrong with this
statement? | back 6 c. it is impossible to achieve the doses necessary for this effect with oral use |
front 7 Caution must be exercised when prescribing herbs for users of
digoxin, warfarin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and immunosuppressive
(for transplants) or HIV antiviral drugs, because: | back 7 a. drugs have narrow therapeutic windows |
front 8 Concurrent use of __________ and drugs affecting the central nervous
system may be contraindicated or should be carefully monitored because
the herb can potentiate sedative effects or disturb dopamine
metabolism. | back 8 b. Piper methysticum |
front 9 Large doses of __________ should not be taken with digoxin or
digitoxin because: | back 9 c. St. John’s Wort; it induces MDR-1 activity which may result in subtherapeutic concentrations of the drug in the body |
front 10 Long term use of large doses of __________ should be avoided when
using __________ drugs because the herb can disturb the electrolyte
balance of the blood by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system and
can counteract the effects of the drugs. | back 10 b. Licorice; antihypertensive |
front 11 Psyllium, Marshmallow, and Slippery Elm are examples of herbs which
contain __________ and should not be taken simultaneously with various
drugs and nutrients because they __________. | back 11 d. fiber; inhibit absorption of the substances |
front 12 Recent research has found the levels of __________ are correlated
with the intensity of interactions between St. John’s Wort and several
drugs which are metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C19 and/or
P-glycoprotein. | back 12 d. hyperforin |
front 13 St. John’s Wort, Dong Quai, and large doses of Garlic and Ginger are
contraindicated with __________ because they can: | back 13 b. anticoagulants; disrupt the INR |
front 14 Which of the following compounds is NOT considered to be a xenobiotic
in reference to the human system? | back 14 d. glucose |
front 15 Which of the following compounds or classes of compounds is most
commonly involved in herb – drug interactions? | back 15 c. CYP3A4 |