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BIO 202 EXAM 3

front 1

Plasma is closest in composition to

A) urine B) isotonic saline solution. C) sterile water .D) CSF. E) interstitial fluid.

back 1

E) interstitial fluid.

front 2

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

A) viscosity. B) specific gravity. C) packed volume. D) hematocrit. E) differential cell count.

back 2

D) hematocrit

front 3

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

A) Blood contains buffers that control pH .B) The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0. C) Blood is more viscous than water. D) Blood is about 55 percent plasma .E) Cells in blood comprise the formed elements.

back 3

B) The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.

front 4

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

A) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. B) viscosity about the same as water. C) pH of 7.4. D) built-in system for clotting. E) red color from hemoglobin.

back 4

B) viscosity about the same as water.

front 5

The most abundant component of plasma is

A) ions.B) proteins.C) water.D) gases.E) nutrients.

back 5

C) water

front 6

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?

A) RBCsB) plateletsC) antibodiesD) lymphocytesE) basophils

back 6

C) antibodies

front 7

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

A) metalloproteinB) steroid-bindingC) hormone-bindingD) apolipoproteinE) transport albumin

back 7

C) hormone-binding

front 8

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

A) metalloproteinB) steroid-binding proteinC) hormone-binding proteinD) apolipoproteinE) transport albumin

back 8

A) metalloprotein

front 9

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

A) apolipoproteinB) steroid-binding proteinC) hormone-binding proteinD) albuminE) gamma globulin

back 9

D) albumin

front 10

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

A) pancreasB) heartC) kidneyD) brainE) liver

back 10

E) liver

front 11

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

A) globulins.B) transport proteins.C) albumins.D) lipoproteins.E) fibrinogens.

back 11

.C) albumins.

front 12

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

A) albumins.B) fibrinogens.C) immunoglobulins.D) metalloproteins.E) lipoproteins.

back 12

C) immunoglobulins

front 13

A plasma protein essential for blood clotting is

A) albumin alpha.B) fibrinogen.C) immunoglobulin A.D) metalloprotein D.E) lipoprotein C.

back 13

.B) fibrinogen

front 14

All of the following are functions of blood except

A) regulating pH.B) transporting gases and hormones.C) generating action potentials.D) defending against pathogens.E) regulating ion concentration.

back 14

C) generating action potentials.

front 15

In what way does blood assist in immune function?

A) Platelets allow clotting.B) Red blood cells transport gases.C) White blood cells defend against pathogens.D) Albumins transport hormones.E) Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens.

back 15

E) Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens.

front 16

You have spent 24 hours traveling from the U.S to New Zealand, on quite a few airplanes with many stops. Because of the stress, changes in time zones, and short blocks of time between planes, you find yourself tired with a headache when you arrive. You are severely dehydrated. A hematocrit value of your blood would be ________ than normal because ________.

A) lower; more red blood cells are being made by the bone marrowB) higher; you have less blood plasma volumeC) lower; the bone marrow is making fewer red blood cells due to the latitude of the airplanesD) higher; more plasma proteins are made by the liverE) lower; you have less blood plasma volume

back 16

B) higher; you have less blood plasma volume

front 17

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

A) heart.B) thymus.C) spleen.D) red bone marrow.E) lymph tissue.

back 17

D) red bone marrow

front 18

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

A) thymosin.B) angiotensin.C) erythropoietin.D) thymopoietin.E) renin.

back 18

C) erythropoietin

front 19

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would result in

A) pernicious anemia.B) renal anemia.C) increased erythropoiesis.D) decreased erythropoiesis.E) increased sensitivity to vitamin K.

back 19

C) increased erythropoiesis

front 20

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

A) anemia.B) high altitude.C) as a consequence of hemorrhage.D) periods of fasting.E) when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted.

back 20

E) when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted.

front 21

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

A) aplastic anemiaB) iron-deficiency anemiaC) sickle cell anemiaD) vitamin K deficiencyE) vitamin B6 deficiency

back 21

B) iron-deficiency anemia

front 22

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

A) globin chains of hemoglobin.B) heme molecules plus iron.C) heme molecules lacking iron.D) iron found in hemoglobin molecules.E) abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

back 22

C) heme molecules lacking iron

front 23

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

A) excreted by the kidneys.B) excreted by the liver.C) excreted by the intestines.D) recycled to the red bone marrow.E) stored in yellow bone marrow.

back 23

D) recycled to the red bone marrow.

front 24

A person's blood type is determined by the

A) size of the RBCs.B) volume of the RBCs.C) chemical composition of the hemoglobin.D) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.E) shape of the RBCs.

back 24

D) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

front 25

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

A) their blood cells lack A and B antigens.B) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.C) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins.D) they usually have very strong immune systems.E) they are usually Rh negative.

back 25

B) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins

front 26

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of

A) all individuals with type AB blood.B) Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.C) all Rh positive individuals.D) Rh positive individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.E) all Rh negative individuals.

back 26

B) Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.

front 27

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A) mother Rh positive, baby Rh negativeB) mother Rh negative, baby Rh negativeC) mother Rh negative, baby Rh positiveD) mother type A+, baby type O+E) mother Rh positive, baby Rh positive

back 27

C) mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

front 28

You have type B positive blood. What are all the types of packed RBCs you can receive?

A) A positive and A negativeB) B positive and B negativeC) A positive and B positiveD) B positive, B negative, O positive, O negativeE) O positive and O negative

back 28

D) B positive, B negative, O positive, O negative

front 29

The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the

A) spleen.B) kidneys.C) lymph nodes.D) red bone marrow.E) thymus.

back 29

D) red bone marrow

front 30

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

A) neutrophils.B) eosinophils.C) basophils.D) lymphocytes.E) monocytes.

back 30

A) neutrophils

front 31

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

A) neutrophils.B) eosinophils.C) basophils.D) lymphocytes.E) monocytes.

back 31

C) basophils

front 32

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

A) adheres to collagen beneath endotheliumB) helper cells are one typeC) hormone that regulates white blood cell formationD) kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxideE) often elevated in allergic individuals

back 32

C) hormone that regulates white blood cell formation

front 33

A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is

A) M-CSF.B) G-CSF.C) GM-CSF.D) multi-CSF.E) thymosin.

back 33

C) GM-CSF

front 34

The process of fibrinolysis

A) activates fibrinogen.B) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together.C) dissolves clots.D) forms emboli.E) forms thrombi.

back 34

C) dissolves clots.

front 35

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

A) cardiac tamponade.B) mitral valve prolapse.C) pleural effusion.D) cardiomyopathy.E) pericarditis.

back 35

A) cardiac tamponade

front 36

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the

A) foramen ovale.B) interatrial septum.C) coronary sinus.D) fossa ovalis.E) ligamentum arteriosus.

back 36

A) foramen ovale

front 37

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

A) aortic valve.B) pulmonary valve.C) mitral valve.D) tricuspid valve.E) bicuspid valve.

back 37

B) pulmonary valve

front 38

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

A) pleural space.B) pericardial space.C) mediastinum.D) cardiac notch.E) ventral cavity.

back 38

C) mediastinum

front 39

Contractions of the papillary muscles

A) close the atrioventricular valves.B) close the semilunar valves.C) eject blood from the ventricles.D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.E) eject blood from the atria into the ventricles.

back 39

D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria

front 40

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following structures except the

A) coronary sinus.B) superior vena cava.C) inferior vena cava.D) systemic circuit.E) pulmonary veins.

back 40

E) pulmonary veins.

front 41

When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n)

A) coronary spasm.B) myocardial infarction.C) coronary thrombosis.D) angina pectoris.E) pulmonary embolism.

back 41

C) coronary thrombosis.

front 42

Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show all of the following except

A) a switch to anaerobic metabolism.B) release of enzymes into the circulation.C) release of troponin T and I into the circulation.D) release of CK-MB into the circulation.E) an increase in metabolic activity.

back 42

E) an increase in metabolic activity.

front 43

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in

A) pulmonary valve regurgitation.B) mitral valve prolapse.C) tricuspid regurgitation.D) tricuspid prolapse.E) aortic valve prolapse.

back 43

B) mitral valve prolapse

front 44

Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the

A) brachiocephalic artery.B) right coronary artery.C) left coronary artery.D) phrenic arteries.E) pulmonary arteries.

back 44

C) left coronary artery

front 45

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

A) right atrium.B) left atrium.C) right ventricle.D) left ventricle.E) interatrial septum.

back 45

E) interatrial septum.

front 46

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of

A) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.B) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.C) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions.D) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions.E) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions.

back 46

A) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.

front 47

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to

A) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane.B) calcium channels remaining open.C) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion.D) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane.E) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.

back 47

B) calcium channels remaining open.

front 48

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing

.A) P waveB) T waveC) QRS complexD) P-R intervalE) R-T interval

back 48

C) QRS complex

front 49

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked

,A) the ventricles will beat faster.B) the ventricles will beat more slowly.C) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged.D) cardiac output will increase.E) the atria will contract more forcefully.

back 49

B) the ventricles will beat more slowly.

front 50

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

A) the SA node.B) depolarization of the AV node.C) depolarization of the atria.D) repolarization of the atria.E) depolarization of the ventricles.

back 50

C) depolarization of the atria

front 51

Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following except

A) heart rate.B) stroke volume.C) the condition of the conducting system.D) the effects of drugs and poisons.E) the duration of the ventricular action potential.

back 51

B) stroke volume

front 52

________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate

.A) Tachycardia; bradycardiaB) Bradycardia; cardiomyopathyC) Bradycardia; tachycardiaD) Cardiac tamponade; bradycardiaE) Angina; infarction

back 52

C) Bradycardia; tachycardia

front 53

Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle?

A) Its main source of ATP production is glycogen.B) The actin and myosin myofilaments are not arranged in sarcomeres.C) Cardiac muscle preferentially metabolizes anaerobically.D) There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles.E) Cardiac muscle goes into sustained contractions faster than skeletal muscle.

back 53

.D) There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles

front 54

The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with

A) atrial systole.B) closing of the atrioventricular valves.C) opening of the atrioventricular valves.D) closing of the semilunar valves.E) opening of the semilunar valves.

back 54

B) closing of the atrioventricular valves

front 55

During ventricular systole, the

A) atria are contracting.B) blood is entering the ventricles.C) AV valves are closed.D) pressure in the ventricles remains constant.E) pressure in the aorta remains constant.

back 55

C) AV valves are closed.

front 56

An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to

A) increase heart rate.B) decrease heart rate.C) decrease blood pressure.D) both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure.E) both increase heart rate and increase pressure.

back 56

D) both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure

front 57

Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except increased

A) venous return.B) parasympathetic stimulation.C) sympathetic stimulation.D) heart rate.E) force of contraction.

back 57

B) parasympathetic stimulation

front 58

Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the

A) pons.B) thalamus C) medulla oblonga.D) hypothalamus.E) higher centers.

back 58

C) medulla oblonga

front 59

If the force of ventricular contraction increases, what will happen to the end-systolic volume?

A) increaseB) fluctuate rapidlyC) remain the sameD) decreaseE) reduced to zero

back 59

D) decrease

front 60

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica

interna.

intima.

adventitia.

media.

externa.

back 60

media.

front 61

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

sinusoidal capillaries.

continuous capillaries.

sinusoids.

vasa vasorum.

fenestrated capillaries.

back 61

continuous capillaries.

front 62

Anti-angiogenic drugs are being used to decrease tumor growth. These drugs work by decreasing

vascular flow.

new blood vessel formation.

cell communication.

focal calcification.

cell division.

back 62

new blood vessel formation.

front 63

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because

This statement is false; BCOP actually increases in starving children.

starvation increases the permeability of capillaries causing a decrease in BCOP.

starvation prevents the liver from producing enough protein to maintain BCOP.

malnourished children do not exercise, which results in a decrease in BCOP.

starvation increases blood pressure which, in turn, decreases BCOP.

back 63

starvation prevents the liver from producing enough protein to maintain BCOP.

front 64

During hemorrhaging, the drop in capillary hydrostatic pressure will ________ NFP, thus ________ reabsorption.

increase; increasing

stabilize; reducing

increase; reducing

decrease; increasing

decrease; reducing

back 64

decrease; increasing

front 65

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, all of the following reactions will occur except

venous return is decreased.

cardiac output will decrease.

the carotid baroreceptors become less active.

heart rate is reflexively elevated.

reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.

back 65

cardiac output will decrease.

front 66

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ions.

increased blood pressure.

increased body stores of sodium ions.

polycythemia.

decreased blood volume.

back 66

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ions.

front 67

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

increased sympathetic activity

hypertension

circulatory shock

vasospasm of the renal arteries

renal artery thrombus

back 67

hypertension

front 68

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

bone.

cardiac muscle.

skeletal muscles.

skin.

the pituitary gland.

back 68

the pituitary gland.

front 69

What structure do RBCs move through single-file?

capillary

vein

venule

artery

arteriole

back 69

capillary

front 70

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

venules

capillaries

arteries

veins

arterioles

back 70

arteries

front 71

Arteriosclerosis can lead to all of the following except

coronary artery disease.

stroke.

diabetes.

hypertension.

myocardial infarction.

back 71

diabetes.

front 72

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

capillaries

pulmonary arteries

systemic arterioles

arteries

veins

back 72

veins

front 73

What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta?

1. venules

2. arterioles

3. capillaries

4. elastic arteries

5. medium veins

6. large veins

7. muscular arteries

7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6

6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4

5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

back 73

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

front 74

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

capillaries.

arteries.

arterioles.

venules.

veins.

back 74

arterioles.

front 75

What is the difference between elastic arteries and muscular arteries?

Elastic arteries have more smooth muscle than muscular arteries.

Elastic arteries have elastic fibers throughout the tunica media whereas muscular arteries have few elastic fibers in the tunica media.

Elastic arteries have a larger tunica intima and tunica media compared to muscular arteries.

Elastic arteries are closest to the arterioles and muscular arteries are farther away.

Muscular arteries have larger lumens than elastic arteries.

back 75

Elastic arteries have elastic fibers throughout the tunica media whereas muscular arteries have few elastic fibers in the tunica media.

front 76

What is the primary reason cardiovascular disease affects older women and not younger women?

Older women are less likely to see a doctor.

Older women lack estrogen.

Older women lack growth hormone.

Older women are less likely to smoke.

Older women are more likely to have osteoporosis.

back 76

Older women lack estrogen.

front 77

In the bone marrow, new blood cells must enter the circulation through

fenestrated capillaries.

arterioles.

continuous capillaries.

venules.

sinusoidal capillaries.

back 77

sinusoidal capillaries.

front 78

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases.

arterioles constrict.

arterioles dilate.

level of oxygen at the tissue increases.

veins constrict.

back 78

arterioles dilate.

front 79

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.

much higher than

somewhat lower than

much lower than

somewhat higher than

equal to

back 79

equal to

front 80

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

1/4 as much.

unchanged.

halved.

doubled.

four times greater.

back 80

doubled.

front 81

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

elevated levels of epinephrine.

elevated hematocrit.

irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques.

increased sympathetic stimulation.

vasodilation.

back 81

vasodilation.

front 82

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

93

210

90

105

100

back 82

100

front 83

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.

The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.

Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary.

Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.

back 83

The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

front 84

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has

a greater resistance to blood flow.

a higher blood pressure.

a greater blood flow.

less resistance to blood flow.

the same amount of pressure as resistance.

back 84

a greater resistance to blood flow.

front 85

Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)?

F = R/P

P = (F × R) × 4

F = P - R

F = P + R

F = P/R

back 85

F = P/R

front 86

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries

increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries.

decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

increases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

back 86

increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

front 87

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?

vascular resistance

turbulence

viscosity of blood

venous pressure

vessel length

back 87

vascular resistance

front 88

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure.

systolic; diastolic

blood; interstitial

plasma; extracellular

colloid osmotic; hydrostatic

hydrostatic; colloid osmotic

back 88

hydrostatic; colloid osmotic

front 89

Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if filtration or reabsorption occurs.

NFP = ________ and results in a fluid ________.

-15 mm Hg; filtration

15 mm Hg; filtration

15 mm Hg; reabsorption

65 mm Hg; reabsorption

65 mm Hg; filtration

back 89

15 mm Hg; filtration

front 90

Edema may occur when

the plasma concentration of protein is reduced.

the plasma concentration of protein is reduced and capillary endothelium permeability goes up.

the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.

capillary endothelium permeability goes up.

capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.

back 90

the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.