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Vocabulary - Lymphatic System

front 1 Lymphatic System	back 1 The lymphatic System consists of three parts: 1.a meandering network of lymphatic vessels 2.lymph, the fluid contained in those vessels 3.lymph nodes that cleanse the lymph as it passes through them.
front 2 Lymphatic vessels (Lymphatics)	back 2 Lymphatic vessels (Lymphatics) an elaborate system of drainage vessels that collect the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.
front 3 Lymphatic Capillaries	back 3 Lymphatic Capillaries The lymphatic transport system begins in microscopic blind-ended
front 4 Lacteals	back 4 Lacteals Highly specialized lymphatic capillaries are present in the fingerlike villi of the intestinal mucosa.

front 5 Lymphatic Collecting Vessels	back 5 Lymphatic Collecting Vessels Have the same three tunics as veins, but the collecting vessels are thinner walled, have more internal valves, and anastomose more.
front 6 Lymphatic Trunks	back 6 Lymphatic Trunks Formed by the union of the largest collecting vessels, and drain fairly large areas of the body. Paired lumbar trunks bronchomediastinal trunks subclavian trunks jugular trunks Single intestinal trunk
front 7 Right Lymphatic Duct	back 7 Right Lymphatic Duct Drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax
front 8 Thoracic Duct	back 8 Thoracic Duct Receives lymph from most of the body except the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax

front 9 Lymphedema	back 9 Lymphedema Short-term severe localized edema
front 10 Lymphoid (lymphatic) Tissue	back 10 Lymphoid (lymphatic) Tissue Important component of the immune system • houses and provides a proliferation site for lymphocytes • furnishes an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages.
front 11 Lymphocytes	back 11 Lymphocytes The main warriors of the immune system, mature into one of the two main varieties of immunocompetent cells that protect the body against antigens
front 12 T cells	back 12 T cells T lymphocytes Manage the immune response, and some of them directly attack and destroy infected cells.

front 13 B cells	back 13 B cells B lymphocytes Protect the body by producing plasma cells, daughter cells that secrete antibodies into the blood
front 14 Antigens	back 14 Antigens Anything the body perceives as foreign, such as bacteria and their toxins, viruses, mismatched RBCs, or cancer cells.
front 15 Antibodies	back 15 Antibodies Mark antigens for destruction by phagocytes or other means.
front 16 Lymphoid Macrophages	back 16 Lymphoid Macrophages Play a crucial role in body protection and in the immune response by phagocytizing foreign substances and by helping to activate T cells.

front 17 Dendritic Cells	back 17 Dendritic Cells Capture antigens and bring them back to the lymph nodes.
front 18 Stroma	back 18 Network that supports the other cell types in the lymphoid organs and tissues
front 19 Reticular Cells	back 19 Reticular Cells Fibroblast-like cells that produce the reticular fiber stroma
front 20 Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue	back 20 Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue Consisting of a few scattered reticular tissue elements, is found in virtually every body organ, but larger collections appear in the lamina propria of mucous membranes and in lymphoid organs.

front 21 Lymphoid Follicles (nodules)	back 21 Lymphoid Follicles (nodules) They lack a capsule, but follicles are solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed reticular elements and cells.
front 22 Germinal Centers	back 22 Germinal Centers Lighter staining center of lymphoid follicles where proliferating B cells predominate
front 23 Lymph Nodes	back 23 Lymph Nodes The principal lymphoid organs in the body, act as lymph “filters” and help activate the immune system.
front 24 Lymph Capsule	back 24 Lymph Capsule Dense fibrous tissue surrounding the lymph node

front 25 Trabeculae	back 25 Trabeculae Connective tissue strands extend inward from the capsule to divide the node into a number of compartments
front 26 Lymph Node Cortex	back 26 Lymph Node Cortex Outer area of node Superficial part of the cortex contains densely packed follicles, many with germinal centers heavy with dividing B cells. Dendritic cells nearly encapsulate the follicles and abut the deeper part of the cortex, which primarily houses T cells in transit. The T cells circulate continuously between the blood, lymph nodes, and lymph, performing their surveillance role.
front 27 Lymph Node Medulla	back 27 Lymph Node Medulla Center area of node
front 28 Medullary Cords	back 28 Medullary Cords Thin inward extensions from the cortical lymphoid tissue, and contain both types of lymphocytes plus plasma cells.

front 29 Lymph Sinuses	back 29 Lymph Sinuses Large lymph capillaries spanned by crisscrossing reticular fibers. Numerous macrophages reside on these reticular fibers and phagocytize foreign matter in the lymph as it flows by in the sinuses.
front 30 Afferent Lymphatic Vessels	back 30 Afferent Lymphatic Vessels Vessels where lymph enters the node on convex side.
front 31 Subcapsular Sinus	back 31 Subcapsular Sinus Large, baglike sinus the lymph moves to after entering the node.
front 32 Hilum	back 32 Hilum The indented region on the concave side

front 33 Efferent Lymphatic Vessels	back 33 Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Vessels where lymph exits the node on concave side.
front 34 Buboes	back 34 Buboes Infected lymph nodes which are inflamed, swollen, and tender to the touch
front 35 Spleen	back 35 Spleen About the size of a fist and is the largest lymphoid organ. The spleen provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response. Important are its blood-cleansing functions.
front 36 White Pulp	back 36 White Pulp Areas of the spleen composed mostly of lymphocytes suspended on reticular fibers , involved with the immune functions

front 37 Red Pulp	back 37 Red Pulp Essentially all remaining splenic tissue, that is, the venous sinuses (blood sinusoids) and the splenic cords, regions of reticular connective tissue exceptionally rich in macrophages. Red pulp is most concerned with disposing of worn-out red blood cells and bloodborne pathogens
front 38 Thymus	back 38 Thymus Important functions primarily during the early years of life. The thymus is where T lymphocytes become able to defend us against specific pathogens in the immune response.
front 39 Thymic (Hassall’s) Corpuscles	back 39 Thymic (Hassall’s) Corpuscles Consisting of concentric whorls of keratinized epithelial cells, they were thought to be sites of T cell destruction. Recent evidence suggests that Hassall’s corpuscles are involved in the development of a class of T lymphocytes called regulatory T cells, which are important for preventing autoimmune responses.
front 40 Tonsils	back 40 The simplest lymphoid organs. They form a ring of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the pharynx (throat), where they appear as swellings of the mucosa. The tonsils gather and remove many of the pathogens entering the pharynx in food or in inhaled air.

front 41 Palatine Tonsils	back 41 Palatine Tonsils Located on either side at the posterior end of the oral cavity. These are the largest of the tonsils and the ones most often infected.
front 42 Lingual Tonsil	back 42 Lingual Tonsil Lumpy collection of lymphoid follicles at the base of the tongue.
front 43 Pharyngeal Tonsil	back 43 Pharyngeal Tonsil (referred to as the adenoids if enlarged) is in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
front 44 Tubal Tonsils	back 44 Tubal Tonsils Surround the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx.

front 45 Peyer’s Patches	back 45 Peyer’s Patches Aggregated lymphoid nodules, are large clusters of lymphoid follicles, structurally similar to the tonsils. They are located in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine • destroy bacteria (which are present in large numbers in the intestine) before these pathogens can breach the intestinal wall • generate many “memory” lymphocytes for longterm immunity.
front 46 MALT	back 46 Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT) Protects passages that are open to the exterior from the never-ending onslaughts of foreign matter entering them. Appendix Tonsils—all located in the digestive tract Lymphoid follicles in the walls of the bronchi (organs of the respiratory tract) Mucosa of genitourinary organs
front 47 Elephantiasis	back 47 Elephantiasis Typically a tropical disease in which the lymphatics (particularly those of the lower limbs and scrotum) become clogged with parasitic roundworms, an infectious condition called filariasis. Swelling (due to edema) reaches enormous proportions.
front 48 Hodgkin’s Disease	back 48 Hodgkin’s Disease A malignancy of lymphoid tissue; symptoms include swollen, nonpainful lymph nodes, fatigue, and often intermittent fever and night sweats. Characterized by presence of giant malignantly transformed B cells called Reed-Sternberg cells. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus and genetic susceptibility appear to be predisposing factors. Treated with chemotherapy and radiation; high cure rate.

front 49 Lymphadenopathy	back 49 Lymphadenopathy Any disease of the lymph nodes.
front 50 Lymphangiography	back 50 Lymphangiography Diagnostic procedure in which the lymphatic vessels are injected with radiopaque dye and then visualized with X rays.
front 51 Lymphoma	back 51 Lymphoma Any neoplasm (tumor) of the lymphoid tissue, whether benign or malignant.