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Exercise 38: Anatomy of the Digestive System

front 1

THE GENERAL ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL GIVEN THE LAYER, NAME THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LAYER, AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS.

WALL LAYER: MUCOSA

back 1

SUBDIVISON OF THE LAYER: SURFACE EPITHELIUM, LAMINA PROPRIA, MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: SECRETION, ABSORPTION, AND PROTECTION

front 2

THE GENERAL ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL GIVEN THE LAYER, NAME THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LAYER, AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS.

WALL LAYER: SUBMUCOSA

back 2

SUBDIVISON OF THE LAYER: NONE
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: NUTRITION AND PROTECTION

front 3

THE GENERAL ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL GIVEN THE LAYER, NAME THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LAYER, AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS.

WALL LAYER: MUSCULARIS EXTERNA

back 3

SUBDIVISON OF THE LAYER: SMOOTH MUSCLE LAYERS ARE= INNER LAYER(CIRCULARLY) AND OUTER LAYER(LONGITUDINALLY)
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: REGULATOR OF GI MOTILITY

front 4

THE GENERAL ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL GIVEN THE LAYER, NAME THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LAYER, AND MAJOR FUNCTIONS.

WALL LAYER: SEROSA OR ADVENTITIA

back 4

SUBDIVISON OF THE LAYER: VISCERAL PERITONEUM, MESOTHELIUM, ADVENTITIA (EPITHELIUM AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES)
MAJOR FUNCTIONS: ANCHORS, PROTECTS, AND REDUCES FRICTION

front 5

THE TUBELIKE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CANAL THAT EXTENDS FROM THE MOUTH TO THE ANUS IS KNOWN AS THE __1__ CANAL OR THE __2__ TRACT.

back 5

1. ALIMENTARY
2. DIGESTIVE (GI)

front 6

HOW IS THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA OF THE STOMACH MODIFIED?

back 6

BESIDES CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDINAL LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLES, IT HAS INNERMOST LAYER THAT RUNS OBLIQUELY.

front 7

HOW DOES THIS MODIFICATION RELATE TO THE FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH?

back 7

LETS STOMACH MIX, CHURN AND MOVE FOOD ALONG TRACT (CIRCULAR/LONGITUDINAL) BUT ALSO TO PUMMEL FOOD, BREAK DOWN INTO SMALLER PIECES AND RAM FOOD TO SMALL INTESTINE (OBLIQUE).

front 8

WHAT TRANSITION IN EPITHELIAL TYPE EXISTS AT THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION?

back 8

SQUAMOUS CELLS IN THE ESOPHAGUS TO COLUMNAR CELL IN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA.

front 9

HOW DO THE EPITHELIA OF THESE TWO ORGANS RELATE TO THEIR SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS?

back 9

SIMPLE COLUMNAR (GASTRIC) FOR ABSORPTION AND STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS (ESOPHAGUS) FOR PROTECTION.

front 10

Ok, so you’re using my notecards which is great. I am glad I could help you out cause I wish I had someone to help me out when I took this course. I know Anatomy is super hard.

back 10

I only ask that if you find these notecards helpful, you join Easy Notecards and create at least one notecard set to help others out. It can be for any subject or class. Thanks and don’t forget to rate my helpfulness!

front 11

DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE COLON AND THE LARGE INTESTINE.

back 11

LARGE INTESTINE EXTENDS FROM ILEOCECAL VALVE TO ANUS, BUT COLON IS PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE AND DIVIDED INTO: ASCENDING, DESCENDING AND SIGMOID COLON.

front 12

STRUCTURES THAT SUSPEND THE SMALL INTESTINE FROM THE POSTERIOR BODY WALL

back 12

MESENTERY

front 13

FINGERLIKE EXTENSIONS OF THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA THAT INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA FOR ABSORPTION

back 13

VILLI

front 14

LARGE COLLECTIONS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE FOUND IN THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

back 14

PEYER'S PATCHES

front 15

DEEP FOLDS OF THE MUCOSA AND SUBMUCOSA THAT EXTEND COMPLETELY OR PARTIALLY AROUND THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

back 15

CIRCULAR FOLDS

front 16

REGIONS THAT BREAK DOWN FOODSTUFFS MECHANICALLY

back 16

ORAL CAVITY, STOMACH

front 17

MOBILE ORGAN THAT MANIPULATES FOOD IN THE MOUTH AND INITIATES SWALLOWING

back 17

TONGUE

front 18

CONDUIT FOR BOTH AIR AND FOOD

back 18

PHARYNX

front 19

THREE STRUCTURES CONTINUOUS WITH AND REPRESENTING MODIFICATIONS OF THE PERITONEUM

back 19

GREATER OMENTUM, MESENTERY, LESSER OMENTUM

front 20

THE "GULLET"; NO DIGESTIVE/ABSORPTION FUNCTION

back 20

ESOPHAGUS

front 21

FOLDS OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA

back 21

RUGAE

front 22

SACCULATIONS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

back 22

HAUSTRA

front 23

PROJECTIONS OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF A MUCOSAL EPITHELIAL CELL

back 23

MICROVILLI

front 24

VALVE AT THE JUNCTION OF THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE

back 24

ILEOCECAL VALVE

front 25

PRIMARY REGION OF FOOD AND WATER ABSORPTION

back 25

SMALL INTESTINE

front 26

MEMBRANE SECURING THE TONGUE TO THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH

back 26

FRENULUM

front 27

ABSORBS WATER AND FORMS FECES

back 27

LARGE INTESTINE

front 28

AREA BETWEEN THE TEETH AND LIPS/CHEEKS

back 28

VESTIBULE

front 29

WORMLIKE SAC THAT OUTPOCKETS FROM THE CECUM

back 29

APPENDIX

front 30

INITIATES PROTEIN DIGESTION

back 30

STOMACH

front 31

STRUCTURES ATTACHED TO THE LESSER CURVATURE OF THE STOMACH

back 31

LESSER OMENTUM

front 32

ORGAN DISTAL TO THE STOMACH

back 32

SMALL INTESTINE

front 33

VALVE CONTROLLING FOOD MOVEMENT FROM THE STOMACH INTO THE DUODENUM

back 33

PYLORIC VALVE

front 34

POSTEROSUPERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE ORAL CAVITY

back 34

SOFT PALATE

front 35

LOCATION OF THE HEPATOPANCREATIC SPHINCTER THROUGH WHICH PANCREATIC SECRETIONS AND BILE PASS

back 35

SMALL INTESTINE

front 36

SEROUS LINING OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY WALL

back 36

PARIETAL PERITONEUM

front 37

PRINCIPAL SITE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN K BY MICROORGANISMS

back 37

LARGE INTESTINE

front 38

REGION CONTAINING TWO SPHINCTERS THROUGH WHICH FECES ARE EXPELLED FROM THE BODY

back 38

ANUS

front 39

BONE-SUPPORTED ANTEROSUPERIOR BOUNDARY OF THE ORAL CAVITY

back 39

HARD PALATE

front 40

VISIBLE PORTION OF THE TOOTH IN SITU

back 40

CLINICAL CROWN

front 41

MATERIAL COVERING THE TOOTH ROOT

back 41

CEMENTUM

front 42

HARDEST SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY

back 42

ENAMEL

front 43

ATTACHES THE TOOTH TO BONE AND SURROUNDING ALVEOLAR STRUCTURES

back 43

PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT

front 44

PORTION OF THE TOOTH EMBEDDED IN BONE

back 44

ROOT

front 45

FORMS THE MAJOR PORTION OF TOOTH STRUCTURE, SIMILAR TO BONE

back 45

DENTIN

front 46

PRODUCES THE DENTIN

back 46

ODONTOBLAST

front 47

SITE OF BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, AND LYMPHATICS

back 47

PULP

front 48

ENTIRE PORTION OF THE TOOTH COVERED WITH ENAMEL

back 48

ANATOMICAL CROWN

front 49

IN THE HUMAN, THE NUMBER OF DECIDUOUS TEETH IS __1__; THE NUMBER OF PERMANENT TEETH IS __2__.

back 49

1. 20
2. 32

front 50

THE DENTAL FORMULA FOR PERMANENT TEETH IS

2,1,2,3
------- x 2
2,1,2,3

EXPLAIN WHAT THIS MEANS.

back 50

2 INCISORS, 1 CANINE, 2 PREMOLARS AND 3 MOLARS ON UPPER TEATH, 2 INCISORS, 1 CANINE, 2 PREMOLARS AND 3 MOLARS ON LOWER TEETH. MULTIPLIED BY 2.

front 51

WHAT IS THE DENTAL FORMULA FOR THE DECIDUOUS TEETH?

back 51

2,1,0,2
------- x 2 = 20
2,1,0,2

front 52

WHICH TEETH ARE THE "WISDOM TEETH"?

back 52

THE THIRD MOLARS

front 53

PRODUCE(S) MUCUS; FOUND IN THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

back 53

DUODENAL GLANDS

front 54

PRODUCE(S) A PRODUCT CONTAINING AMYLASE THAT BEGINS STARCH BREAKDOWN IN THE MOUTH

back 54

SALIVARY GLANDS

front 55

PRODUCE(S) A WHOLE SPECTRUM OF ENZYMES AND AN ALKALINE FLUID THAT IS SECRETED INTO THE DUODENUM

back 55

PANCREAS

front 56

PRODUCE(S) BILE THAT IT SECRETES INTO THE DUODENUM VIA THE BILE DUCT

back 56

LIVER

front 57

PRODUCE(S) HCI AND PEPSINOGEN

back 57

GASTRIC GLANDS

front 58

FOUND IN THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE; PRODUCE(S) INTESTINAL JUICE

back 58

INTESTINAL CRYPTS

front 59

WHICH OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS PRODUCES A SECRETION THAT IS MAINLY SEROUS?

back 59

PAROTID GLAND

front 60

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE GALLBLADDER?

back 60

STORES BILE

front 61

NAME THREE STRUCTURES ALWAYS FOUND IN THE PORTAL TRIAD REGIONS OF THE LIVER.

back 61

HEPATIC ARTERY, HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN, AND BILE DUCT.

front 62

WHERE WOULD YOU EXPECT TO FIND THE KUPFFER CELLS OF THE LIVER? WHAT IS THEIR FUNCTION?

back 62

SINUSOID WALLS.
REMOVE DEBRIS SUCH AS BACTERIA OR WORNOUT BLOOD CELLS FROM THE BLOOD.

front 63

WHY IS THE LIVER SO DARK RED IN THE LIVING ANIMAL?

back 63

BECAUSE IT HAD A HIGH AMOUNT OF BLOOD THAT CIRCULATES THROUGH THE LIVER.

front 64

THE PANCREAS HAS TWO MAJOR POPULATIONS OF SECRETORY CELLS - THOSE IN THE ISLETS AND THE ACINAR CELLS, WHICH POPULATIONS SERVES THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS?

back 64

ACINAR CELLS