What muscle Originates from the interosseous membrane and the adjacent posterior surfaces of the radius and ulna. It attaches to the lateral side of the base of metacarpal

Abductor Pollicis Longus

The muscle has two heads of origin. One originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, the other from the posterior surface of the ulna. They insert together into the posterior surface of the radius?

The supinator

What nerve travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by passing between the two heads of the pronator teres?

median nerve

What muscle originates from the posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane, distal to the extensor pollicis longus. And Attaches to the extensor hood of the index finger?

Extensor Indicis Proprius

What nerve travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and divides into superficial and deep branches

Radial nerve

What does bifurcate mean? Divide into branches of forks

Divide into branches of forks

What muscles are situated on the lateral aspect of the posterior forearm. they are able to produce abduction as well as extension at the wrist?

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis

What muscle is thought to originate from the extensor digitorum muscle? In some people, these two muscles are fused together

Extensor Digiti Minimi

What muscle is situated medially and superiorly in the extensor compartment of the forearm. It blends with the fibers of the triceps brachii, and the two muscles can be indistinguishable?

Anconeus

What is the square shaped muscle found deep to the tendons of the Flexor Digitorum profundus and Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator Quadratus

What is the Actions of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?

Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

What Originates from the medial epicondyle, attaches to the base of metacarpals II and III?

Flexor Carpi Radialis

What muscle has two origins, one from the medial epicondyle, and the other from the coronoid process of the ulna and attaches laterally to the mid-shaft of the radius?

Pronator Teres

What is the Action Flexor Carpi Radialis?

Flexion and abduction at the wrist.

What muscle Originates from the anterior surface of the ulna and attaches to the anterior surface of the radius?

Pronator Quadratus

What are the six muscles in this scapulohumeral group?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor

What muscles produce Upward rotation in the scapulae?

1. trapezius and serratus anterior muscles.

1. What muscles produce Downward rotation in the scapula?

the latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis major and minor muscles.

1. A winged scapula condition can occur if what muscle is weak or dysfunctional?

serratus anterior

What muscle allows the index finger to be independent of the other fingers during extension?

Extensor Indicis Proprius

1. Where is the referred nerve pain for C4?

Upper back and neck

1. Where is the referred nerve pain for C5? Middle of neck and upper arms

Middle of neck and upper arms

If the tendon of a muscle attaches towards the thumb, it will have ______ in the name and will at least ________ the wrist

1. radialis; abduct

If the tendon of a muscle attaches toward the __________, it will have ulnaris in the name and will at least _______ the wrist

pinky; adduct

If the tendon of a muscle attaches to the thumb, it will have _______ in its name

1. pollicis

If the tendons of a muscle attach to digits 2-5, the muscle will have _____ in its name

digitorum

1. How are the muscles of the arm organized?

There is an anterior and posterior compartment. Each compartment has superficial and deep groups of muscles

Which is the deepest muscle of the superficial forearm muscles

1. flexor digitorum superficialis

What muscle lies in the floor of the cubital fossa. It has two heads, which the deep branch of the radial nerve passes between

supinator

what are the main functions of the posterior forearm muscles?

1. supinate the forearm and extend the wrist and digits

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

Extension and adduction of wrist.

What muscle Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and attaches to the base of metacarpal V?

extensor carpi ulnaris.

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

Extension and adduction of wrist.

Anatomically, what muscle lies medially to the extensor digitorum?

extensor Digiti Minimi

What muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. It attaches, with the extensor digitorum tendon, into the extensor hood of the little finger?

extensor Digiti Minimi

In the distal forearm, what are sandwiched between the brachioradialis and the deep flexor muscles?

the radial artery and nerve

What muscle originates from the proximal aspect of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, and attaches to the distal end of the radius, just before the radial styloid process?

Brachioradialis

What is the action of the Brachioradialis?

Flexes at the elbow.

What is the square shaped muscle found deep to the tendons of the Flexor Digitorum profundus and Flexor pollicis longus?

Pronator Quadratus

What are all muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm innervated by?

radial nerve

What muscle Originates from the anterior surface of the ulna and attaches to the anterior surface of the radius?

1. Pronator Quadratus

What muscle Originates from the anterior surface of the radius and surrounding interosseous membrane. Attaches to the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb?

Flexor Pollicis Longus

What muscles attach to the anterior humerus shaft?

Coracobrachialis, Deltoid, brachialis, brachioradialis

What muscle inserts on the lips (sulus) of the intertubercular?

Pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus dorsi

What nerve when damaged results in the paralysis to the deltoid and teres minor muscles?

Axillary nerve

What is the attachment site for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor?

Greater tuberosity

What muscle Originates from the anterior surface of the ulna and attaches to the anterior surface of the radius?

Pronator Quadratus

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder known as?

The scapulohumeral group)

Subscapularis can harbor up to three trigger points, where do the two most common occur?

1. near the outside edge of the muscle, and the inside edge of the muscle

What are the six muscles in this scapulohumeral group?

1. the deltoid, teres major, and the four rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor).

Protraction of the scapula is sometimes called what?

1. abduction of the scapula, which makes the scapula’s further apart

What muscles are two diamond-shaped muscles that extend from the vertebral column to the medial border of the scapula?

Rhomboids major and minor

What are examples of actions in the frontal or concord plane?

1. Abduction, adduction, jumping jacks, cartwheels raising and lowering limbs laterally

What is the articular disc

1. is a thin, oval plate of fibrocartilage present in several joints which separates synovial cavities.

What type of joint is acromioclavicular joint?

1. is a plane type synovial joint.

When do active people need Subscapularis strength?

To throw and use overhead movements

How does the Conoid ligament run?

1. vertically from the coracoid process of the scapula to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle.

Where does the long head of biceps originate?

from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

What repetitive actions have the ability to produce subscapularis dysfunction?

1. activities that involve a reaching action behind the back, common in swimming and racket sports

what is a freely mobile joint called?

diarthrosis

What type of ligament is the Trapezoid ligament?

Extrinsic

What compliments the rhomboids in their action of rotating the shoulder blade when lowering the arm from an elevated position?

The levator scapulae

Where is the acromioclavicular joint located?

1. where the lateral end of the claviclearticulates with the acromion of the scapula.

What muscles perform shoulder flexion

1. pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis. Biceps brachii weakly assists in forward flexion.

what muscle can be subdivided into its clavicular head and its sternocostal head?

Pectoralis major

Terminal branch innervates what nerves

1. upper and lower subscapular nerve of the subscapular muscle

What muscles originate from the scapula?

1. Deltoid, infraspinatus, long head of the triceps, teres minor, teres major, latissimus dorsi, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, subscapularis, omohyoid muscles

What muscles Retract of the scapula?

1. rhomboideus major, minor, and trapezius are the prime movers.

What is the Scalenes function?

1. flex the neck to either side and raise ribcage during inhalation

What muscle’s clavicular portion flexes the humerus?

pectoralis major

What types of movements accrue in the sagittal plane?

1. Flexion and extension types of movement, and frontward and backward motions

The scapula provides attachment sites for what muscles?

1. pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, serratus anterior, triceps brachii, biceps brachii, and the subscapularis

When muscles when severely inflamed from wear and tear, you can even experience a “catching” of your shoulder joint when you rotate your arms around?

1. Most likely the supraspinatus and other rotator cuff muscles

what muscles insert at the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

1. The pectoralis major, teres major, and latissimus dorsi

Collectively, what is the conoid and trapezoid ligaments known as?

coracoclavicular ligament

People with severe supraspinatus tightness, inflammation and pain will have difficulty doing what?

lifting their arms overhead anywhere above shoulder level.

what muscles work to adduct and medially, or internally, rotate the humerus?

1. pectoralis major, teres major, and latissimus dorsi

What muscles insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus?

The infraspinatus and teres minor

What muscle perform shoulder internal rotation?

1. subscapularis, pectoralis major latissimus dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid.

From its origin how does the subclavian artery travel?

1. laterally, passing between anterior and middle scalene muscles, with the anterior scalene (scalenus anterior) on its anterior side and the middle scalene (scalenus medius) on its posterior.

Where is the iliac tubercle?

on the widest point of the iliac crest.

Axillary nerve innervates what?

1. deltoid and teres minor and lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (which is the lateral part of the shoulder)

Where is does the glenohumeral joint?

1. is a ball and socket articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

What happens when a swollen supraspinatus muscle pushes against and the synovial tissues?

1. a painful “catch” each time you raise your arm

What is the action of myotome of C5?

elbow flexion

What is the myotome of C6

Wrist extension

What is C7’s myotome?

Elbow extension

What is C8’s myotome?

Finger flexion

What is the T1 myotome?

Finger abduction

Pain on the radial side of forearm, hand and thumb (skipping elbow) is a sign of what muscles disfunction?

Scalenes

What nerve innervates the intrinsic hand muscles and superficial cutaneous muscles and the flexor carpi ulnaris, and the ulnar half of the digitorum profundus, the hypothenar muscles which go to the pinky and third finger, and the palmar interosseous muscles?

Ulnar nerve

Edema or puffiness of the hand, especially in the morning could be a symptoms of what muscles defunction?

scalenes

What is the coracoid process (from Greek κόραξ, raven^[1])?

1. is a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula(hence: coracoid, or "like a raven's beak"). Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint.

Where is the coracoid palpable?

1. in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. below the lateral end of the clavicle (collar bone)

What are the Synergistic muscles of the scalene muscle for lateral flexion?

Ipsilateral upper trapezius

What muscle’s sternocostal head adducts and medially rotates the humerus?

The pectorals major

what is the Apex:

1. Formed by the cervicoaxillary canal; bounded by the clavicle, the 1st rib, and the top of the scapula

The Base of axilla is formed by what?

the skin that stretches from the arm to the thoracic cage; forms the indentation known as the axillary fossa

What muscle can flex and medially rotate the arm when its anterior portion is activated, its lateral portion abducts the arm, and its posterior portion can extend and laterally rotate the arm?

Latissimus dorsi

is the Anterior wall of the axilla Made up of?

1. the pectoralis major and minor, forming the anterior axillary fold

What is the Medial wall of the axilla Formed by?

the thoracic cage and the serratus anterior

deltoid and teres minor and lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm are innervated by what?

1. Axillary nerve

What is the Lateral wall of the axilla formed by?

1. intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of the humerus

What muscles forms the axilla or the armpit?

1. pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, teres major and the latissimus dorsi

What activities occur in the sagittal plane?

1. kicking a football, chest pass in netball, walking, jumping, squatting, biceps curls, sit ups.

Teres major has a synergistic action with what muscle?

1. the latissimus dorsi muscle

What does the subclavian artery become when it crosses the lateral border of the first rib?

axillary artery

What muscle is prone to tightness whenever you carry heavy loads in your arms or hold your arms out in front of you for long periods; For example, if you use a computer keyboard for a long time, especially without elbow support?

supraspinatus

Where do the subclavian arteries receive blood from?

The Aortic arch.

What are the actions of nerves C5 and C6?

Move shoulder, raise arm (deltoid); flex elbow (biceps

What does anterolaterally mean?

situated or occurring in front and to the side

What muscles disfunction Typically, has no restriction in neck movement?

scalenes

The coracoid process serves as the attachment site for what muscles?

1. The pectoralis minor is attached to the medial aspect of the coracoid. The coracobrachialis is attached to the tip of the process on the medial side, and the short head of the biceps is attached to the tip of the process on the lateral side.

Staying in a posture with our arms internally rotated for too long will cause this muscles to shorten and ultimately adapt to this new position?

subscapularis

What is the C2 vertebra also called

The axis

what are the Common misdiagnosis of scalene disfunction?

1. Carpal tunnel syndrome, C-5-C6 radiculopathy (pinched nerve)

Where does the short head of the biceps originate?

the coracoid process of the scapula.

what are the Symptoms of pectoralis major disfunction?

1. Chest pain, Anterior shoulder pain, Pain down the ulnar aspect of the forearm and into the fourth and fifth fingers, Breast tenderness or nipple hypersensitivity, Concurrent pain between shoulder blades

what is the action of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle?

1. Shoulder depression (pulls the humerus down)

What connects to the coracoid process?

1. Conoid ligament, trapezoid ligament, coracoacromial ligament, coracohumeral ligament, and the conjoined tendon of the coracobrachialis, the shorthead of the biceps, and the pectoralis minor muscles

What muscle inserts on the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

1. Pectoralis major

What muscles perform shoulder extension?

posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major

What action does the Subscapularis perform when the arm is not raised?

Medially rotates (internal rotation) arm and adducts it; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

what does amphiarthrosis mean?

slightly mobile joint

what is the annular ligament?

intrinsic ligament of the elbow articular capsule that surrounds and supports the head of the radius at the proximal radioulnar joint

Where is the Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)?

The acromioclavicular joint is located where the clavicle (collarbone) glides along the acromion, located at the top of the shoulder blade

What muscle Originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and passes through the axilla, and attaches the medial side of the humeral shaft, at the level of the deltoid tubercle?

Coracobrachialis

What does the Thoracodorsal nerve innervate

1. the latissimus dorsi

Where do the suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves arise

directly from the brachial plexus.

What are the elbow muscles?

1. the triceps brachii, brachioradialis, brachialis, biceps brachii, pronator teres, pronator quadratus and the anconeus.

biceps, coracobrachialis and brachialis muscles are innervated by what nerve?

Musculocutaneous

What innervates the levator scapula, rhomboid major and rhomboid minims?

Dorsal scapular nerve

Pain between the shoulder blades, concentrating in the area just medial to superior angle of the scapula may be sign of what muscles disfunction?

scalenes

Which type of ligament that is fused to or incorporated into the wall of the articular capsule of a synovial joint?

intrinsic ligament

Arterial supply to the anterior compartment of the upper arm is via muscular branches of the which artery?

brachial artery.

It is a passageway by which neurovascular and muscular structures can enter and leave the upper limb?

axilla

What muscle can be shortened at the desk with use of a mouse, especially with the arm held away from the body the arms tend to internally rotate when we are seated with our shoulders hunched over in front of a computer?

Subscapularis

What muscle’s superior aspect is covered by sternocleidomastoid?

the levator scapulae

What muscle’s inferior part by covered by the trapezius?

Levator scapulae

What muscles insert on the scapula?

1. Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor muscles

What muscles insert on the clavicle?

Sternocleidomastoid, Subclavius, Trapezius

What are the three elbow flexors?

brachialis, biceps, and brachioradialis.

What acts as Extensors of the glenohumeral (GH)joint?

1. Triceps Brachii, Teres Major, Deltoid(Posterior Portion), Latissimus Dorsi, Rotator Cuff, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

What acts as Internal Rotators of the glenohumeral (GH)joint?

Subscapularis, Teres Major, Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major

What acts as external Rotators of the glenohumeral (GH)joint?

1. Teres Minor, Infraspinatus

What is the action of brachialis?

1. Flexes the elbow, which it does equally well whether the forearm is pronated or supinated.