Instructions for Side by Side Printing
- Print the notecards
- Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
- Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
- Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
Spine & Pelvis
front 1 Which of the following angles is required for an AP axial projection of the sacrum? A. 5 degrees caudad B. 5 degrees cephalad C. 15 degrees caudad D. 15 degrees cephalad | back 1 D. 15 degrees cephalad |
front 2 What is the name of the process that projects downward from the base of the transverse process of a typical vertebra? A. Lamina B. Pedicle C. Spinous process D. Inferior articular process | back 2 D. Inferior articular process The inferior articular process joins with the superior articular process to form a zygapophyseal joint. |
front 3 What is the purpose of having the patient flex his knees for an AP projection of the lumbar spine? A. Better visualization of disk spaces B. Intervertebral foramen seen better C. Eliminates spine distortion D. More comfortable | back 3 A. Better visualization of disk spaces By flexing the knees, the small of the back comes in contact with the table and reduces some of the natural curvature of the lumbar spine. This makes the intervertebral disk spaces more visible. |
front 4 The spinal cord terminates at the level of which vertebra? A. 12th thoracic B. 2nd lumbar C. 5th lumbar D. 1st sacral | back 4 B. 2nd lumbar The spinal cord terminates at the level of L1-L2 with a tapered end called the conus medullaris. |
front 5 What is the name of the joint between the two pubic bones? A. Acetabulum B. Hip joint C. Pelvic joint D. Symphysis pubis | back 5 D. Symphysis pubis |
front 6 The condition where the body of L5 slips forward on top of S1 is known as what? A. Annulus fibrosis B. Slipped disk C. Spondylolisthesis D. A compression fracture | back 6 C. Spondylolisthesis Any forward slipping of one vertebra on the one below it is called spondylolisthesis. It most often occurs at L5-S1. |
front 7 What is the posterior, bony ring of a typical vertebra called? A. Pedicle B. Lamina C. Vertebral body D. Vertebral arch | back 7 D. Vertebral arch The typical vertebra consists of two main parts, the body and the vertebral arch. The vertebral arch forms an opening called the vertebral foramen. |
front 8 What is the name of the process that projects upward form the body of the second cervical vertebra? A. Spinous B. Dens C. Transverse D. Superior | back 8 B. Dens |
front 9 When viewed in anatomic position, what type of natural curve is found in the thoracic spine? A. Concave B. Convex C. Scoliotic D. Myoptic | back 9 A. Concave |
front 10 What position/projection is necessary to demonstrate the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine? A. PA or AP axial obliques B. AP open mouth C. Lateral D. Swimmers | back 10 A. PA or AP axial obliques |
front 11 When viewed from the anatomic position, the natural curve of the lumbar spine is classified as what type? A. Concave B. Convex C. Spondylotic D. Scoliotic | back 11 B. Convex |
front 12 How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? A. 11 B. 21 C. 31 D. 41 | back 12 C. 31 |
front 13 What is the name of the spongy pad that lies between the vertebrae? A. Spinous disk B. Intervertebral disk C. Herniated disk D. Intralumbar disk | back 13 B. Intervertebral disk |
front 14 Which of the following anatomical parts is NOT related to the others? A. Symphysis pubis B. Ischial spine C. Iliac crest D. Ileum | back 14 D. Ileum |
front 15 Which of the following passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae? A. Carotid artery B. Jugular vein C. Vertebral artery D. Subclavian artery | back 15 C. Vertebral artery |
front 16 What is the name of the upper, curved border of the ilium called? A. Ischial tuberosity B. Iliac crest C. Iliac spine D. Anterior superior iliac spine | back 16 B. Iliac crest |
front 17 The AP pelvis projection requires the lower extremities to be placed in which position? A. Internally rotated B. Externally rotated C. Flexed D. Adducted | back 17 A. Internally rotated |
front 18 How many degrees and in what direction should the tube be angled for an AP axial projection of the cervical spine? A. 20 degrees cephalad B. 20 degrees caudad C. 30 degrees cephalad D. 30 degrees caudad | back 18 A. 20 degrees cephalad |
front 19 How many thoracic vertebrae are there? A. 5 B. 7 C. 12 D. 24 | back 19 C. 12 |
front 20 The brain and the spinal cord make up which part of the nervous system? A. Sympathetic B. Autonomic C. Central D. Peripheral | back 20 C. Central |
front 21 Where should the top of the cassette be placed for an AP pelvis projection? A. Level of iliac crest B. Level of ASIS C. 2" above iliac crest D. Between iliac crest and symphysis | back 21 C. 2" above iliac crest |
front 22 How much must the patient be obliqued in order to visualize the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine? A. 30 degrees B. 45 degrees C. 70 degrees D. 90 degrees | back 22 C. 70 degrees |
front 23 How many lumbar vertebrae are there? A. 5 B. 7 C. 12 D. 26 | back 23 A. 5 |
front 24 Spina bifida is caused by which of the following? A. Pedicles not fusing to the body B. Pedicles not fusing with the laminae C. Posterior laminae not fusing D. Laminae and transverse processes fused | back 24 C. Posterior laminae not fusing |
front 25 Which of the following is NOT a part of a typical lumbar vertebra? A. Body B. Spinous process C. Transverse foramen D. Inferior articulating process | back 25 C. Transverse foramen |
front 26 Which of the following projects posteriorly off the two laminae of a typical vertebra? A. Transverse process B. Superior articulating process C. Inferior articulating process D. Spinous process | back 26 D. Spinous process |
front 27 What is the technical name for the "Adam's apple"? A. Pharynx B. Larynx C. Epiglottis D. Thyroid cartilage | back 27 D. Thyroid cartilage |
front 28 What is another name for the first cervical vertebra? A. Odontoid B. Arch C. Axis D. Atlas | back 28 D. Atlas |
front 29 Which of the following positions/projections will best demonstrate the L5-S1 lateral spot? A. AP B. PA C. Oblique D. Lateral | back 29 D. Lateral |
front 30 In order to visualize the dens, which of the following must be radiographed? A. Sacrum and coccyx B. 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae C. Lumbosacral junction D. Upper thoracic vertebrae | back 30 B. 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae |
front 31 Which of the following would describe a hemiplegic? A. Paralyzed from the waist up B. Paralyzed form the waist down C. Paralyzed on one side D. Paralyzed in all four extremities | back 31 C. Paralyzed on one side |
front 32 What is the forward slipping of a vertebra called? A. Cholelithiasis B. Spondylolisthesis C. Scoliosis D. Slipped disk | back 32 B. Spondylolisthesis |
front 33 What is the outer meningeal layer of the spinal cord called? A. Dura mater B. Pia mater C. Arachnoid D. Subarachnoid | back 33 A. Dura mater From outside to inside the layers are dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. |
front 34 Which vertebrae have demifacets for the articulation of ribs? A. Cervical B. Thoracic C. Lumbar D. Sacral | back 34 B. Thoracic |
front 35 Which bone in the vertebral column is actually five separate vertebrae fused together? A. Sternum B. Sacrum C. Coccyx D. Innominate | back 35 B. Sacrum |
front 36 Which of the following positions/projections would best demonstrate the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae? A. AP axial B. Lateral C. 45 degree oblique D. 70 degree oblique | back 36 A. AP axial The transverse processes project laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae. Therefore, the AP axial projection would demonstrate them best. |
front 37 What is another name for the second cervical vertebra? A. Atlas B. Axis C. Dens D. Posterior arch | back 37 B. Axis |
front 38 Which of the following positions/projections would best demonstrate the intervertebral spaces of the lumbar spine? A. AP axial B. Lateral C. Mediolateral oblique D. Lateromedial oblique | back 38 B. Lateral |
front 39 The innominate bone is formed by the fusion of which three bones? A. Pubis, trochanter, pelvis B. Ilium, ischium, femur C. Ileum, ishcium, pubis D. Ischium, pubis, ilium | back 39 D. Ischium, pubis, ilium |
front 40 Which of the following project of the posterior, lateral borders of the vertebral body? A. Pedicles B. Laminae C. Spinous process D. Articular processes | back 40 A. Pedicles |
front 41 What is the condition found in older women that involves the gradual loss of calcium from the bones? A. Osteosarcoma B. Osteoporosis C. Achondroplasia D. Osteogenesis | back 41 B. Osteoporosis |
front 42 What is the name of the large foramen in the innominate bone? A. Foramen ovale B. Foramen magnum C. Obturator foramen D. Pelvic foramen | back 42 C. Obturator foramen |
front 43 Which of the following is the proper tube angle for an AP axial coccyx projection? A. 10-15 degrees cephalad B. 10-15 degrees caudad C. 25 degrees cephalad D. 25 degrees caudad | back 43 B. 10-15 caudad |
front 44 Which of the following corresponds to the level of the iliac crest? A. T9-10 interspace B. L2-3 interspace C. L4-5 interspace D. S1-2 interspace | back 44 C. L4-5 interspace |
front 45 How many cervical vertebrae are there? A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12 | back 45 C. 7 |
front 46 What is the name of the bony landmark on the anterior portion of the iliac crest? A. Anterior trochanter B. Anterior superior tuberosity C. Anterior posterior iliac spine D. Anterior superior iliac spine | back 46 D. Anterior superior iliac spine |
front 47 A failure of the neural arch of a vertebra to close creates the condition known as what? A. Osteogenesis B. Spondylolisthesis C. Slipped disk D. Spina bifida | back 47 D. Spina bifida |
front 48 What is the name of the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae? A. Cervical joint B. Cervical fusion C. Atlantoaxial joint D. Kyphotic joint | back 48 C. Atlantoaxial joint |
front 49 Which of the following positions/projections would be required to demonstrate the mobility of the cervical spine? A. Flexion and extension laterals B. Inversion and eversion obliques C. Internal and external rotation D. AP and PA projections | back 49 A. Flexion and extension laterals |
front 50  Why was this AP axial cervical spine radiograph repeated? A. Air in trachea B. Seven cervicals not visible C. Right marker in anatomy D. Dens not visible | back 50 C. Right maker in anatomy |
front 51 Which of the cervical vertebrae has the most prominent spinous process? A. First B. Third C. Fifth D. Seventh | back 51 D. Seventh |
front 52 What is the name of the opening through which the spinal cord passes? A. Vertebral foramen B. Intervertebral foramen C. Transverse foramen D. Obturator foramen | back 52 C. Ischial tuberosity |
front 53 Which of the following is true concerning the differences between a male and female pelvis? A. Female pelvis is broader B. Female pelvis is narrower C. Female pubic arch is less angled D. Female inlet is oval shaped | back 53 A. Female pelvis is broader |
front 54 How many movable joints can be visualized in an AP pelvis radiograph? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 | back 54 D. 5 Two sacroiliac joints, two hip joints and the symphysis pubis. |
front 55 What is the name of the most anterior portion of a thoracic vertebra? A. Body B. Lamina C. Vertebral arch D. Spinous process | back 55 A. Body |
front 56 Which of the following positions/projections is usually used to demonstrate the dens? A. AP axial B. AP dens (Fuchs) C. AP obliques D. Lateral | back 56 B. AP dens (Fuchs) |
front 57 Which position/projection is necessary to demonstrate the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine? A. PA or AP axial obliques B. AP open mouth C. Lateral D. Swimmers | back 57 A. PA or AP axial obliques |
front 58 What is the preferable SID for a lateral position for the cervical spine? A. 36" B. 40" C. 60" D. 72" | back 58 D. 72" |
front 59 What is the name of the process that projects downward from the base of the transverse process? A. Pars interarticularis B. Inferior articulating process C. Spinous process D. Lamina | back 59 B. Inferior articulating process |
front 60 What is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine called? A. Lordosis B. Kyphosis C. Scoliosis D. Meiosis | back 60 C. Scoliosis |
front 61 Rotation of the skull takes place between which of the following cervical vertebrae? A. C1 and C2 B. C2 and C3 C. C4 and C5 D. C6 and C7 | back 61 A. C1 and C2 |
front 62 What is the name of the meningeal layer that is closest to the spinal cord? A. Pia mater B. Dura mater C. Arachnoid D. Subarahnoid | back 62 A. Pia mater From the inside to outside the layers are pia mater, arachnoid and dura mater. |
front 63 Which of the following contains the cerebrospinal fluid? A. Dura mater B. Pia mater C. Arachnoid D. Subarachnoid space | back 63 D. Subarachnoid space |
front 64 Which vertebra has no body? A. First cervical B. Second cervical C. Seventh cervical D. First thoracic | back 64 A. First cervical |
front 65 A 45 degree oblique of the lumbar spine is used to visualize which of the following? A. Intervertebral spaces B. Intervertebral foramina C. Zygapophyseal joints D. Bodies | back 65 C. Zygapophyseal joints Zygapophyseal joints are formed by the superior and inferior articulating processes. |
front 66 How much must the body be rotated for an oblique position of the sacroiliac joints? A. 15-20 degrees B. 25-30 degrees C. 45-50 degrees D. 70-75 degrees | back 66 B. 25-30 degrees |
front 67 A breathing technique is useful for which of the following positions/projections? A. AP cervical spine B. 70 degree oblique thoracic spine C. Lateral thoracic spine D. Open mouth | back 67 C. Lateral thoracic spine |
front 68 Which of the following would describe a quadriplegic? A. Paralyzed from the waist up B. Paralyzed from the waist down C. Paralyzed on one side D. Paralyzed in all four extremities | back 68 D. Paralyzed in all four extremities |
front 69 The acetabulum articulates with which of the following? A. Inferior articulating process B. Superior articulating process C. Transverse process D. Femoral head | back 69 D. Femoral head |
front 70 At what level is the image receptor centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine? A. ASIS B. Symphysis pubis C. Iliac crest D. First lumbar spine | back 70 C. Iliac crest |
front 71 What are the lateral projections on a typical vertebra called? A. Spinous processes B. Articular processes C. Transverse processes D. Pedicles | back 71 C. Transverse processes |