front 1 The following is not a characteristic of an insect: A. Three segmented body B. Six legs C. Two pairs of wings D. Two tentacles | back 1 D. Two tentacles |
front 2 The following is not used to measure greenhouse crop nutrient levels: A. Soil tests B. Soluble salts meter C. Foliar analysis D. Tensiometer | back 2 D. Tensiometer |
front 3 Light intensity can be measured in units of: A. Nanometers B. Micrometers C. Foot-candles D. Newtons | back 3 C. Foot-candles |
front 4 A ___________results from crossing parents of different genotype for a trait. A. clone B. scion C. species D. hybrid | back 4 D. hybrid |
front 5 The ________ transports water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant. A. phloem B. xylem C. pith D. cambium | back 5 B. xylem |
front 6 Crassula argentea is the botanical name for Jade Plant. Crassula is the _______ of the plant. A. family B. cultivar C. species D. genus | back 6 D. genus |
front 7 Indolebutyric acid (IBA) is commonly used to: A. control insects B. control diseases C. raise soil pH D. promote rooting of cuttings | back 7 D. promote rooting of cuttings |
front 8 Signal words on labels alert the user to the toxicity of a pesticide. Which of the following words is not used as a signal word?= A. DANGER B. HAZARDOUS C. CAUTION D. WARNING | back 8 B. HAZARDOUS |
front 9 Which of the following flower parts is contained in the pistil? A. sepal B. receptacle C. anther D. style | back 9 D. style |
front 10 _________ is the process of softening or breaking a seed coat in order to overcome seed dormancy. A. Scarification B. Stratification C. Ratification D. Augmentation | back 10 A. Scarification |
front 11 Prior to transplanting, seedlings should be _______________. A. kept in the dark. B. grown at a temperature of 90°F. C. hardened-off D. allowed to dampen-off. | back 11 C. hardened-off |
front 12 In order to lower the pH of a soil, materials containing ________ are used. A. dolomite B. lime C. hydrated lime D. sulfur | back 12 D. sulfur |
front 13 Which of the following nutrients would be retained more by a root medium with high cation exchange capacity (CEC)? A. Potassium B. Phosphate C. Nitrate D. Sulfate | back 13 A. Potassium |
front 14 Soluble salts in medium is measured by electrical conductivity (EC). An appropaite EC range for flowering potted crops using the pour through extraction method is: A. 0.25mS/cm to 0.75 mS/cm B. 0.5 mS/cm to 2.0 mS/cm C. 1.0 mS.cm to 4.6 mS/cm D. 3.0 mS.cm to 6.2 mS/cm | back 14 C. 1.0 mS.cm to 4.6 mS/cm |
front 15 Soilless medium can be amended with which of the following materials prior to potting to provide magnesium? A. Epsom Salt B. Gypsum C. Micronutrients mix D. Triple superphospate | back 15 A. Epsom Salt |
front 16 The Worker Protection Standards (WPS) developed for agriculture pesticides was implemented by what government agency? A. United States Department of Agriculture B. Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service C. Department of Homeland Security D. Environmental Protection Agency | back 16 D. Environmental Protection Agency |
front 17 Cytokinins are responsible for cell division and differentiation in the plant. Cytokinins are produced in what plant part? A. Lateral shoots B. Roots C. Terminal shoots D. Cambium | back 17 B. Roots |
front 18 Which of the following auxins is naturally produced in the plant? A. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) B. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) C. Indolepropionic acid (IPA) D. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) | back 18 A. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) |
front 19 Carbon is an essential plant element. Plants obtain carbon from carbon dioxide gas (CO2). Air on the average contains what percent CO2? A. 0.30 percent B. 30 percent C. 0.03 percent D. 3 percent | back 19 C. 0.03 percent |
front 20 A plant's growth response to temperature is called: A. Vernalization B. Thermotropism C. Photoperiodism D. Thermoperiodic | back 20 B. Thermotropism |
front 21 Which of the following is not an advantage of hydroponics? A. Plant nutrition is completely controlled through prepared nutrient solutions. B. Yield per unit area is reduced since plants may be planted closer together. C. Roots do not spread as much because H2O and nutrients are pumped directly to the plant. D. The need for weed, disease, and insect control is greatly reduced due to the absence of soil. | back 21 B. Yield per unit area is reduced since plants may be planted closer together. |
front 22 Allelopathy is a plant phenomenon that does the following to plants: A. Prevents the formation of bacteria organisms B. Stops fungus organisms from growing on plants C. Creates a mechanism within the plant to induce flowering D. Production of a chemical compound by one plant that slows down or stops the growth of another plant | back 22 D. Production of a chemical compound by one plant that slows down or stops the growth of another plant |
front 23 Pesticides can be purchased for use in the greenhouse as a wettable powder (WP) or as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Which of the following is true about these two pesticide formulations. A. WP are diluted (dissolved) in water and can settle during application while EC are suspended in water and do not settle during application. B. There is no difference in the two formulations C. EC must be added to water in correct rates where WP are applied as it exist in the container D. WP and EC both are purchased as dry formulations | back 23 A. WP are diluted (dissolved) in water and can settle during application while EC are suspended in water and do not settle during application. |
front 24 Tulle in florist work is: A. The ribbon added to any floral piece being created B. Florist netting that can add color, texture, and support for some flowers C. Silk leaves used instead of fresh foliage in corsages D. Other accessories used in corsages such as pearl sprays, rhinestones, butterflies, or chenille letters | back 24 B. Florist netting that can add color, texture, and support for some flowers |
front 25 The country that is the leading exporter of cut flowers to the United States floral industry is: A. Holland B. Ecuador C. Mexico D. Columbia | back 25 D. Columbia |
front 26 The climatic conditions that are needed for carnations to be grown successfully as a cut flower include? A. Low light intensity, mild climate requiring minimal amount of protection, uniform temperature and day length B. High light intensity, mild climate requiring minimal amount of protection, and cold nights and hot days C. High light intensity, mild climate requiring minimal amount of protection, uniform temperature and day length D. Low light intensity, mild climate requiring minimal amount of protection, and short days | back 26 C. High light intensity, mild climate requiring minimal amount of protection, uniform temperature and day length |
front 27 In growing chrysanthemums as cut flowers the plant requires which of the following conditions to maintain a vegetative state of growth? A. Day length at less than 9.5 hours growing at 60 degrees B. Day length between 11 and 12 hours growing at 80 degrees C. Day length at 10.5 hours growing at 60 degrees D. Day length greater than 14.5 hours growing at 60 degrees | back 27 D. Day length greater than 14.5 hours growing at 60 degrees |
front 28 The advantages of an ebb and flood irrigation system in the greenhouse are: A. Labor savings B. Reduced water and nutrient use C. Lower pesticide use D. All of the above | back 28 D. All of the above |
front 29 Which of the following is not a plant hormone that can be used as a plant growth regulator? A. ethylene B. anthocyanin C. abscisic acid D. gibberellin | back 29 B. anthocyanin |
front 30 The best root medium pH for a majority of spring bedding plants, but not including petunias or geraniums, is: A. 4.5 to 5.5 B. 5.5 to 6.5 C. 6.5 to 7.5 D. 7.5 to 8.5 | back 30 B. 5.5 to 6.5 |
front 31 In grafting, such as for grafted tomato transplants, A. the scion is the top part of the graft and the rootstock is the lower part B. the rootstock is the top part of the grant and the scion is the lower part C. the scion often imparts disease resistance to the grafted plant D. the rootstock often provides desirable fruiting characteristics | back 31 A. the scion is the top part of the graft and the rootstock is the lower part |
front 32 The pistil is A. the female part of the flower B. the male part of the flower C. contains both the male and female parts of a flower D. becomes seeds | back 32 A. the female part of the flower |
front 33 The pH of the root medium indicates to a greenhouse grower its A. volumetric water content B. salt ions dissolved in water C. hydrogen ion concentration D. organic matter content | back 33 C. hydrogen ion concentration |
front 34 On a financial planning sheet, the costs of the plant materials (i.e. purchase cost of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, or other plant propagule) would be examples of: A. wholesale costs B. overhead costs C. fixed costs D. direct costs | back 34 D. direct costs |
front 35 A 6-inch 'azalea pot' has an inside rim diameter of _(i)_inches and a depth of __(ii)__inches. A. (i) 6-inches, (ii) 8 inches B. (i) 6-inches, (ii) 6-inches C. (i) 6-inches, (ii) 4.5-inches D. (i) 6-inches, (ii) 3-inches | back 35 C. (i) 6-inches, (ii) 4.5-inches |
front 36 Respiration: A. produces sugars in the plant B. occurs only during the night C. releases oxygen to the atmosphere D. none of the above | back 36 D. none of the above |
front 37 What type of environment do poinsettias require to produce red bracts? A. short day photoperiod B. long day photoperiod C. cool day temperature regime D. cool night temperature regime | back 37 A. short day photoperiod |
front 38 Botanical names are written in: A. English B. Latin C. Greek D. German | back 38 B. Latin |
front 39 The greenhouse insect pest problem of aphids can be effectively managed by using: A. biological control such as lady beetles B. chemical control such as the use of an insecticidal soap C. the cultural control of washing them off the plant with a strong stream of water D. all of the above | back 39 D. all of the above |
front 40 In order to preserve foliage in a more natural, pliable state, place stems in: A. glycerin B. bleach C. antifreeze D. borax | back 40 A. glycerin |
front 41 Which glazing material for greenhouses allows the greatest light transmittance? A. fiberglass B. polyethylene C. glass D. polycarbonate | back 41 C. glass |
front 42 To pasteurize a container root medium, heat it to: A. 120 degrees for 30 minutes B. 120 degrees for 60 minutes C. 180 degrees for 30 minutes D. 180 degrees for 60 minutes | back 42 C. 180 degrees for 30 minutes |
front 43 A guideline for estimating the size for a floral design for a defined space is known as A. Rule of Thirds B. Third Rule C. The Golden Ratio D. The Golden Rule | back 43 A. Rule of Thirds |
front 44 The term variegated means? A. Leaves can only be both yellow and green. B. Leaves have patches, stripes, or marks of different colors. C. Leaves have only stripes of different colors. D. Leaves are solid green with no other colors. | back 44 B. Leaves have patches, stripes, or marks of different colors |
front 45 Systemic dyeing occurs by plants absorbing color through the A. Petal B. Leaf C. Sepal D. Stem | back 45 D. Stem |
front 46 A Freesia (Figure 1) is an example of a ______________. A. Bulb B. Tuber C. Corm D. Rhizome | back 46 C. Corm |
front 47 _______ is the single most important element to keep flowers fresh after delivery from a supplier. A. Air/ Ventilation B. Water C. Light D. Cool Temperatures | back 47 B. Water |
front 48 The three primary ingredients in floral preservatives are sugar, ______, and an acidifier. A. Biocide B. Salt C. Chlorophyll D. Iodine | back 48 A. Biocide |
front 49 The sense of stability in a design both physically and visually is known as A. Rhythm B. Balance C. Scale D. Unity | back 49 B. Balance |
front 50 A floral design with a strong sense of ________ shows an organization of elements so theyvappear to belong together. A. Rhythm B. Balance C. Scale D. Unity | back 50 D. Unity |
front 51 A circular design does not have __________. a. Balance b. Filler flowers c. A focal point d. Massing flowers | back 51 c. A focal point |
front 52 Most fungal diseases grow best in ___________. a. Dry, arid air b. Low moisture conditions c. High moisture conditions d. Seasons with drought | back 52 c. High moisture conditions |
front 53 Mums are considered a short-day crop; that is, the plant sets flower buds and blooms only when____________. a. Nights and days are long b. Nights are long and days are short c. Nights are short and days are long d. Nights and days are short | back 53 b. Nights are long and days are short |
front 54 During respiration, plants _______. a. Use the sun's energy b. Produce sugars c. Use oxygen d. Form complex compounds | back 54 c. Use oxygen |
front 55 ___________ exists when the terminal bud produces hormones that inhibit or prevent the growth of axillary buds on the same shoot. a. Cell dominance b. Root dominance c. Atypical dominance d. Apical dominance | back 55 b. Root dominance |
front 56 If green plants show a ________ color, this suggests a nitrogen deficiency. a. White b. Yellow c. Dark green d. Purple | back 56 d. Purple |
front 57 Floral foam is sufficiently soaked when _________. a. It changes to a darker shade of green b. The foam floats back to the top of the water c. Particles of the foam begin to float in the water d. Air bubbles are no longer coming out of the foam | back 57 d. Air bubbles are no longer coming out of the foam |
front 58 ___________ seeding is when seeds are sown in a separate place from where the plants will eventually grow to maturity. a. Direct b. Sideways c. Indirect d. Top | back 58 c. Indirect |
front 59 _________ is used to accentuate the flowers and colors used in a design. a. Harmony b. Unity c. Accent d. Repetition | back 59 d. Repetition |
front 60 ___________ are chemicals used to control snails and slugs. a. Fungicides b. Rodenticides c. Molluscicides d. Nematocides | back 60 c. Molluscicides |
front 61 Small green insects with piercing mouth parts are ________. a. Aphids b. Mealybugs c. Scale d. Mites | back 61 a. Aphids |
front 62 The recommended daytime temperature range for indoor plants is _________. a. 60-70° F b. 55-80° F c. 60-85° F d. 50-85° F | back 62 d. 50-85° F |
front 63 ______ is one of the basic floral design shapes. a. Fan b. Diagonal c. Oval d. Circular | back 63 d. Circular |
front 64 In the list of flowers/materials below, which list is not all line flowers: a. Liatris, gladilous, snapdragons, cattail b. Bells of Ireland, carnations, branches, snapdragons c. Liatris, delphinium, gladilous, bells of Ireland d. Foxglove, branches, lupine, cattail | back 64 b. Bells of Ireland, carnations, branches, snapdragons |
front 65 Joe placed a box of apples in his flower cooler. The next day he saw some cut flowers looking bad and deteriorating. Could the apples have caused this problem? a. Yes, fruit produces ethylene gas which can cause flowers to senesce. b. Yes, diseases on fruit are easily transferred to cut flowers causing their deterioration. c. No, storing fruit in a cooler with cut flowers in never a problem. The flowers deteriorated from some other pathogen, d. No, the apples could not have caused damage to the cut flowers in such a short time. | back 65 a. Yes, fruit produces ethylene gas which can cause flowers to senesce. |
front 66 Floral foam should be hydrated before use in a flower arrangement. Which of these methods is the best for accomplishing the soaking of the foam? a. The foam is forced by weight to be totally immersed in the water b. The foam is pushed down into the water by hand c. The foam is allowed to float on the surface until it is soaked d. The foam is placed in the bottom of a water reservoir one-half of the height of the block of foam | back 66 c. The foam is allowed to float on the surface until it is soaked |
front 67 A wholesale greenhouse operation has grown 4,250 six inch pots of poinsettias. At the end of the Christmas season, 3,789 pots were sold. The wholesale selling price was $3.85 per pot. The retail businesses sold the pots of poinsettias for $6.89. The cost per pot grown was $2.16 per pot. What was the net return on the poinsettia crop to the greenhouse operation? a. $14,587.65 b. $6,403.41 c. $5,407.65 d. $11,518.56 | back 67 c. $5,407.65 |
front 68 You work for a retail flower shop is Bloomington, Indiana. You are figuring a bill for a customer. In Bloomington the state sales tax is 5%, the city sales tax is 0.5%, and the county sales tax is 1%. The cost of the arrangement for the customer is $72.45. What is the total of the customer's bill? a. $72.45 b. $72.81 c. $77.16 d. $76.07 | back 68 c. $77.16 |
front 69 The wire services that a retail flower shop can use are: a. Society of American Florists, FTD, and Teleflora b. FTD, Teleflora, Florafax, American Floral Services, and Carik c. Florafax, FTD, American Floral Services d. American Floral Services, American Academy of Floriculture, Florafax, and Carik | back 69 b. FTD, Teleflora, Florafax, American Floral Services, and Carik |
front 70 In growing potted chrysanthemums, the desirable temperature range for flower bud initiation is: a. 62 to 65 degrees F at night b. Above 68 degrees F at night c. 60 to 62 degrees F at night d. 65 to 68 degrees F at night | back 70 a. 62 to 65 degrees F at night |
front 71 As a grower you want to use "soft" pesticides for plant pest control. Which group below includes "soft" pesticides? a. Fungicides, bactericides, insect growth regulators b. Insect growth regulators, botanical insecticides, horticultural oils c. Horticulture oils, insecticidal soaps, insecticides d. Miticides, insecticidal soaps, horticulture oils | back 71 b. Insect growth regulators, botanical insecticides, horticultural oils |
front 72 The place in the plant where the process of photosynthesis occurs is: a. In all plant cells b. In all cells within the leaf c. In green chloroplasts within cells d. In cells in the leaf petiole | back 72 c. In green chloroplasts within cells |
front 73 A solenoid valve is used in greenhouses: a. As an electrical device used to control the flow of water in greenhouses b. As a valve controlled totally by water pressure to cut water on and off c. As a valve controlled by temperature to cut heat on and off d. As an electrical shut on and off system for ventilation fans | back 73 a. As an electrical device used to control the flow of water in greenhouses |
front 74 A manometer is used in a greenhouse to measure: a. Water pressure in an irrigation system line b. Difference between low and high temperature c. Air pressure between layers of plastic d. Gas pressure in a gas heater | back 74 c. Air pressure between layers of plastic |
front 75 In horticulture, the term "explant' is: a. A cross between cultivars within a species b. A plant that came from a genetic mutation c. A plant part other than stem or leaves such as a bulb or corm d. Small pieces of plant material used in tissue culture | back 75 d. Small pieces of plant material used in tissue culture |
front 76 In greenhouse plant growing a zero DIF will result in: a. Shorter plants compared to plants grown with a positive DIF b. Taller plants compared to plants grown with a positive DIF c. A decrease in how much light a plant receives each day d. A wide range between daytime and nighttime temperatures in a greenhouse | back 76 a. Shorter plants compared to plants grown with a positive DIF |
front 77 The three secondary colors in flower arrangements are: a. Red, yellow, and blue b. Orange, green, and violet c. Purple, yellow, and blue d. Green, purple, and red | back 77 b. Orange, green, and violet |
front 78 The nutrient iron is essential in plants because: a. Iron is required for strong stems b. Iron is required for leaf formation c. Iron is required for root development d. Iron is required to produce chlorophyll | back 78 d. Iron is required to produce chlorophyll |
front 79 ____________ buds are found at the base of a leaf petiole and next to the stem. a. apical b. axillary c. dominant d. epidermal | back 79 b. axillary |
front 80 A plant with a tunicate bulb is a(n) _____________. a. peony b. tulip c. iris d. Easter lily | back 80 b. tulip |
front 81 Binomial classification of a plant requires a ___________ and ___________for the name. a. genus and specific epithet b. family and order c. common and scientific component d. species and family | back 81 a. genus and specific epithet |
front 82 A tissue in a seed that provides stored food for the embryo is __________. a. endosperm b. zygote c. seed coat d. hypocotyl | back 82 a. endosperm |
front 83 The process of propagating plants on an agar gel or nutrient medium is known as _______________. a. grafting b. budding c. micropropagation d. none of the above | back 83 c. micropropagation |
front 84 A florists' wire with a gauge of 18 will be ________ than florists' wire with a gauge of 28. a. shorter b. longer c. thinner d. thicker | back 84 d. thicker |
front 85 On a financial planning sheet, the costs of the plant materials (i.e. purchase cost of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, etc.) would be examples of _____________. a. wholesale costs b. overhead costs c. direct costs d. fixed costs | back 85 c. direct costs |
front 86 Floral preservatives for cut flowers should contain all of the following except ________: a. nitrogen fertilizer b. a sugar source c. an acidifier d. a microbiocide | back 86 a. nitrogen fertilizer |
front 87 What type of environment do chrysanthemums require to produce flowers? a. short day photoperiod b. long day photoperiod c. cool day temperature regime d. cool night temperature regime | back 87 a. short day photoperiod |
front 88 Injecting dilute sulfuric acid into the irrigation system during greenhouse production will: a. increase the root medium pH b. decrease the root medium pH c. decrease and then increase the root medium pH d. not change root medium pH | back 88 b. decrease the root medium pH |
front 89 What are the organelles that capture and process the light that a plant intercepts? a. mitochondria b. nuclei c. chlorophylls d. chloroplasts | back 89 d. chloroplasts |
front 90 The process of _____________ is when a plant loses water through stomates. a. transpiration b. translocation c. transduction d. acclimatization | back 90 a. transpiration |
front 91 Which glazing material for greenhouses allows the lowest light transmittance? a. fiberglass b. polyethylene c. double-layer polyethylene d. polycarbonate | back 91 c. double-layer polyethylene |
front 92 The calculated difference between the day temperature and night temperature in a greenhouse production situation is known as _____________. a. HID b. STS c. DIF d. IPM | back 92 c. DIF |
front 93 Before using a chemical you should refer to the SDS or a. Safety Detail Sheet b. Safety Data Sheet c. Storage Detail Sheet d. Storage Data Sheet | back 93 b. Safety Data Sheet |
front 94 The binomial system for naming plants is a. used on the North American continent only. b. used only in the United States. c. used Internationally. d. no longer used today. | back 94 c. used Internationally. |
front 95 Plants that have two ___________ are known as dicots. a. nucleus b. cells c. flowers d. cotyledons | back 95 d. cotyledons |
front 96 Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll that _________ green light giving plants their green color. a. reflect b. absorb c. produce d. create | back 96 a. reflect |
front 97 _______________ insecticides are pesticides that are translocated throughout the plant and kill any insects that feed on the plant. a. Insecticidal Soaps b. Horticulture Oils c. Botanical d. Systemic | back 97 d. Systemic |
front 98 When dealing with plant diseases, there must be _____ things present for any plant disease to form. a. one b. two c. three d. four | back 98 c. three |
front 99 ________ plants are plant material kept specifically for the purpose of propagation. a. Stock b. Parent c. Cutting d. Hardwood | back 99 a. Stock |
front 100 Grasshoppers begin their life cycle as an egg, transition into a larva, and change into an adult. This would be classified as _______________ metamorphosis. a. complete b. incomplete c. holometabolous d. ametabolous | back 100 b. incomplete |
front 101 DIF, used for height management of crops, is the difference between the daytime temperature and A) temperature requirement B) morning temperature C) nighttime temperature D) none of the above. | back 101 C) nighttime temperature |
front 102 In commercial greenhouses, which of the following methods are commonly used as a way to regulate plant growth without using chemicals? A) crop timing B) water stress C) container size D) all of the above | back 102 D) all of the above |
front 103 Agrobacerium tumefaciens is a pathogen that is commonly known as A) crown gall B) flower distortion C) clorotic mottle D) none of the above | back 103 A) crown gall |
front 104 The recommended pH level for greenhouse crops in a soilless medium is A) 3.0-3.5 B) 5.6-6.2 C) 4.0-4.3 D) all of the above | back 104 B) 5.6-6.2 |
front 105 The virtual visual path that directs eye movement through a composition is__________. A) pattern B) line C) form D) none of the above | back 105 B) line |
front 106 Orange, green and violet are________ colors. A) primary B) secondary C) intermediate D) tertiary | back 106 B) secondary |
front 107 The fundamental guidelines to aesthetic design that governs the organization of the elements and materials in accordance with the laws of nature are known the __________. A) Elements of Design B) Transitions of Design C) Principles of Design D) none of the above | back 107 C) Principles of Design |
front 108 Which of the following is NOT a plant hormone that can be used as a plant growth regulator? A) ethylene B) anthocyanin C) abscisic acid D) gibberellin | back 108 B) anthocyanin |
front 109 A 28 gauge florist wire is ________ than 18 gauge florist wire. A) thicker B) thinner C) longer D) shorter | back 109 B) thinner |
front 110 The LD50 of a pesticide indicates: A) the amount of the pesticide required to kill half of a test population of the test subject B) the time before re-entry into a chemically treated area C) the amount of chemical needed for effective pest control D) none of the above | back 110 A) the amount of the pesticide required to kill half of a test population of the test subject |
front 111 Pesticide toxicity is measured in LD50 or LC50 numbers. Which of the following LD50 numbers for pesticides is the most toxic? A) 295 mg/kg B) 1217 mg/kg C) 34 mg/kg D) 4,237 mg/kg | back 111 C) 34 mg/kg |
front 112 The planned area within a floral design, which is devoid of flowers, foliage or other objects, but is still integral to the design is known as ___________. A) the focal area B) positive space C) negative space D) all of the above | back 112 C) negative space |
front 113 The placement of materials at different levels within and around a floral arrangement helps to establish _____________. A) pattern B) form C) depth D) balance | back 113 C) depth |
front 114 With mat irrigation, water moves by ____________ from the mat into the root substrate in the pot to maintain constant moisture. A) zero-leaching B) capillary action C) xeri-action D) overhead | back 114 B) capillary action |
front 115 The cost of the plant materials (i.e. cost of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, or other plant propagules) would be examples of ______ costs on a financial planning sheet. A) wholesale B) overhead C) fixed D) direct | back 115 D) direct |
front 116 Achromatic, monochromatic, analogous and complementary are a few of the classically recognized ___________. A) hues B) color values C) color harmonies D) none of the above | back 116 C) color harmonies |
front 117 When propagating asexually, roses can be reproduced from____________________. A) vegetative cuttings B) budded plants C) grafted plants D) all of the above. | back 117 D) all of the above. |
front 118 Soil pH is based on the concentration of ____________ ions in the soil. A) calcium B) hydrogen C) oxygen D) sulfur | back 118 B) hydrogen |
front 119 Which of these describes edema in geraniums? A) water soaked blisters generally on the underside of the leaf B) swelling of the stem of the plant C) no visual effects to the foliage of the plant D) root disorder causing the demise of the plant | back 119 A) water soaked blisters generally on the underside of the leaf |
front 120 Which of the following is NOT a part of the pistil of the plant? A) Style B) Ovary C) stigma D) filament | back 120 D) filament |
front 121 The ________ phase begins when a plant's seed germinates and grows, producing leaves, stems, and roots. A) annual B) dormancy C) reproductive D) vegetative | back 121 D) vegetative |
front 122 The tiny pores in the epidermis of a leaf through which gas enters and escapes are _____. A) Cuticle B) Petiole C) stipule D) stomata | back 122 D) stomata |
front 123 The process of a plant losing water through the leaves in the form of water vapor is referred to as ________ . A) dehydration B) photosynthesis C) respiration D) transpiration | back 123 D) transpiration |
front 124 The waxy coating, called the _____________, serves to prevent excessive water loss from the leaf tissues. A) axil B) blade C) cuticle D) vein | back 124 C) cuticle |
front 125 Lime furnishes ______________, one of the most important of the macro food elements. A) potassium B) phosphorus C) sulfur D) calcium | back 125 D) calcium |
front 126 Auxin is responsible for apical dominance in plants. Auxin is produced in three places in the plant located in the A) main stem, older leaves, and flowers B) flower buds, leaf buds, and fruit C) leaf petiole, shoot tips, and main older roots D) Shoot tips, young leaf blades, and root tips | back 126 D) Shoot tips, young leaf blades, and root tips |
front 127 A complete fertilizer is recommended for a greenhouse crop. Which fertilizer analysis below is NOT a complete fertilizer? A) 16-4-8 B) 10-0-10 C) 5-10-10 D) 17-17-17 | back 127 B) 10-0-10 |
front 128 Mass flowers include all of the following except: A) chrysanthemums B) baby's Breath C) carnations D) zinnias | back 128 B) baby's Breath |
front 129 Two hues directly opposite each other on the color wheel are _________ colors. A) diadic B) monchromatic C) polychromatic D) complementary | back 129 D) complementary |
front 130 Broken, implied, and continuous are all part of which element of floral design? A) space B) line C) color D) texture | back 130 B) line |
front 131 Light inside a greenhouse is measured in ________________________. A) solar energy B) foot light C) foot candles D) solar candles | back 131 C) foot candles |
front 132 Poinsettias require a ______________ to produce colored bracts. A) short day photoperiod B) long day photoperiod C) cool day temperature regime D) cool night temperature regime | back 132 A) short day photoperiod |
front 133 Thrips can be effectively managed in the greenhouse by using: A) a biological control such as the predator 'swirski mite' B) a chemical control such as the insecticide spinosad C) screening over vents and other openings D) all of the above | back 133 D) all of the above |
front 134 An insect ________ generally does not kill insects, but instead drives them away before they attack the plant. A) attractant B) pheromone C) repellent D) sterilant | back 134 C) repellent |
front 135 To help identify plants, flower forms are grouped as to their position or arrangement on a stem. The flower position or arrangement is known as A) flower inflorescence B) perfect flower C) imperfect flower D) flower calyx | back 135 A) flower inflorescence |
front 136 After pollination and fertilization, the flower petals begin to drop and the ovary and other surrounding parts enlarge and develop into a ________ A) fruit B) leaf C) new flower D) raceme | back 136 A) fruit |
front 137 Which of the following diseases does NOT affect the root system of plants? A) Botrytis B) Pythium C) Rhizoctonia D) Phyrophthora | back 137 A) Botrytis |
front 138 The Environmental Protection Agency establishes toxicity categories for pesticides based on how soon one can reenter the area after it has been treated with the pesticide. Which toxicity level can be reentered immediately after pesticide application? A) Toxicity 1 B) Toxicity 2 C) Toxicity 3 D) Toxicity 4 | back 138 D) Toxicity 4 |
front 139 In order to preserve foliage in a more natural, pliable state, place stems in: A) glycerin B) bleach C) herbicidal soap D) borax | back 139 A) glycerin |
front 140 Greenhouse glazing is: A) material sprayed on the roof of a greenhouse to change light intensity B) the transparent cover of the greenhouse frame C) the amount of solar energy that reaches the plants in a greenhouse D) a measure of heat loss from a greenhouse | back 140 B) the transparent cover of the greenhouse frame |
front 141 When water is not applied frequently enough, plants wilt and A) photosynthesis is slowed. B) plant growth is slowed. C) cell production is reduced. D) all of the above | back 141 D) all of the above |
front 142 Plants are divided into C3 and C4 groups. C4 plants are differentiated from C3 plants by which of the following? A) C4 plants flower in shades of red where as C3 plants do not B) C4 plants have a higher relative photosynthesis rate C) C4 plants are not as efficient at using carbon dioxide D) C4 plants cannot function as well under high temperature and light conditions | back 142 B) C4 plants have a higher relative photosynthesis rate |
front 143 A plant that is genetically identical to the parent plant is known as a ________. A) clone B) seedling C) replica D) hybrid | back 143 A) clone |
front 144 Cross-pollination occurs when pollen grains from the flowers on one plant transfer to the ________ of flowers on another plant. A) anther B) ovary C) stigma D) style | back 144 C) stigma |
front 145 ________ is a process of events whereby the seed embryo goes from a dormant state to an actively growing state. A) broadcasting B) fertilization C) germination D) pollination | back 145 C) germination |
front 146 Some seeds have a hard seed coat that must be soaked or scratched before the seeds are able to germinate. This process is called .________ A) drenching B) forcing C) scarification D) stratification | back 146 C) scarification |
front 147 The ________ is the food storage tissue in the seed that nourishes the plant during germination. A) embryonic root B) endosperm C) seed coat D) seed leaf | back 147 B) endosperm |
front 148 ______ is a gray-white soil mix material of volcanic origin that is most commonly used to improve aeration of growing media. A) Coir B) Peat moss C) Perlite D) Vermiculite | back 148 C) Perlite |
front 149 The ability of a plant to withstand colder temperatures is known as .________ A) cold-sensitive B) heat-tolerant C) hardiness D) morphology | back 149 C) hardiness |
front 150 _________ are plants characterized by one cotyledon in the seedling stage, flower parts in threes or multiples thereof, and parallel leaf venation. A) Dicots B) Evergreens C) Monocots D) Perennials | back 150 C) Monocots |
front 151 The most important consideration in setting up an irrigation system is _________ quality. a) Air b) Water c) Soil d) Piping | back 151 b) Water |
front 152 _________ refers to the brightness or dullness of the color within a hue. a) Value b) Intensity c) Chroma d) Triad | back 152 c) Chroma |
front 153 A standard water analysis usually includes __________________, __________________, and __________________ a) pH, EC, alkalinity b) fluoride, aluminum, zinc c) iron, sulfates, boron d) potassium, calcium, sulfates | back 153 a) pH, EC, alkalinity |
front 154 True or False: Pinching naturally accelerates a plant's branching. a) True b) False | back 154 b) False |
front 155 The process of pinching a plant removes the _________ factory and eliminates the_________ concentration of the _________ hormone from the upper portion of the plant. a) auxin, high, inhibitory b) tunic, low, hibitory c) auxin, low, hibitory d) high, low, inhibitory | back 155 a) auxin, high, inhibitory |
front 156 True or False: Oriental style arrangements are based on carefully placed branches, flowers, and small amounts of foliage. a) True b) False | back 156 a) True |
front 157 Acid is injected into the irrigation water to neutralize the _________ a) growth b) volume c) alkalinity d) light | back 157 c) alkalinity |
front 158 The most common acids used for alkalinity control are _________, _________, and _________ a) phosphoric, sulfuric, nitric b) sodium, calcium, potassium c) sulfuric, magnesium, manganese d) citric, ethanoic, tartaric | back 158 a) phosphoric, sulfuric, nitric |
front 159 Packaging foiled plants for removal from the shop is most easily done by using: a) a plastic tub b) a carboard box c) a sleeve d) a large bag | back 159 c) a sleeve |
front 160 True or False: Mold growth is almost always nonpathogenic to your crop. a) True b) False | back 160 a) True |
front 161 When several types of smaller specimens of foliage plants are placed in a brass or pottery container, a _________ is created. a) split complementary design b) triad design c) garden dish d) floral leaf bowl | back 161 c) garden dish |
front 162 In plant nutrition, EC refers to _________ a) Economic Conditions b) Electrical Conductivity c) Environmental Conditions d) Electrical Conduit | back 162 b) Electrical Conductivity |
front 163 The general pH range for greenhouse crops in a soilless medium is _________ a) 5.4 - 6.8 b) 4.0 - 6.0 c) 7.2 - 8.1 d) 4.5 - 8.6 | back 163 a) 5.4 - 6.8 |
front 164 In floral design, _________ gives the illusion that all of the flower stems are coming from one point. a) radiation b) physical balance c) visual balance d) symmetrical balance | back 164 a) radiation |
front 165 True or False: Water alkalinity is a measure of basic ions, mainly bicarbonates and carbonates, dissolved in the water. a) True b) False | back 165 a) True |
front 166 _________ analysis can be conducted to determine the nutrient status of the crop or for problem solving. a) Stem b) Foliar c) pH d) Chemical | back 166 b) Foliar |
front 167 The _________ design makes an excellent centerpiece because it is attractive when viewed from either the front or the back. a) right-triangular b) horizontal c) equilateral triangular d) vertical | back 167 b) horizontal |
front 168 True or False: Boutonnieres should not be designed with a bow. a) True b) False | back 168 a) True |
front 169 Immediate steps to lower the medium's EC are _________ and _________ a) Increase fertilizer rate, increase fertilization frequency b) Lower fertilizer rate, decrease fertilization frequency c) Increase alkalinity levels, increase potassium bicarbonate d) Lower potassium-calcium-magnesium ratio, decrease magnesium sulfate | back 169 b) Lower fertilizer rate, decrease fertilization frequency |
front 170 True or False: In general, plants will become heat stressed at night temperatures above 75°F (24°C) and day temperatures above 90°F (32°C). a) True b) False | back 170 a) True |
front 171 The _________ tube is used to provide a stem for tube-shaped flowers. a) stephanotis b) hairpin c) skeleton d) corsage | back 171 a) stephanotis |
front 172 The four elements of design in floral arrangements are _________, _________, _________, and _________. a) simplicity, beauty, custom, symbolism b) custom, line, color, texture, space c) line, form, texture, color d) none of the above | back 172 c) line, form, texture, color |
front 173 DIF is defined as: a) the difference in daytime temperature and the nighttime temperature b) the difference in fertilization c) data interchange format d) difficulty in fertilization | back 173 a) the difference in daytime temperature and the nighttime temperature |
front 174 The term daily light integral is used to describe the total quantity of light delivered within a 12 hour period. a) True b) False | back 174 b) False |
front 175 The wholesale pricing method is based on the concept that _________ of the retail selling price is made up of the wholesale value of materials being used. a) 20% b) 40% c) 60% d) 50% | back 175 b) 40% |
front 176 The biggest insect problems in plugs are _________ and _________ a) fungus gnats, shore flies b) foxglove aphids, chrysanthemum aphids c) silverleaf whiteflies, banded wing whiteflies d) broad mites and bulb mites | back 176 a) fungus gnats, shore flies |
front 177 The area of emphasis on an arrangement is called the _________ a) recessed focal point b) radiation focal point c) weak focal point d) focal point accent | back 177 d) focal point accent |
front 178 Traditional temperature regimes for greenhouse production are to run _________ days and _________ nights. a) cool, warm b) warm, cool c) cool, cool d) warm, warm | back 178 b) warm, cool |
front 179 A common flaw in establishing a focal area is to: a) using flowers that are too large b) using flowers that are too small c) crowd the flowers together very closely d) not using enough flowers | back 179 c) crowd the flowers together very closely |
front 180 Nitrogen deficiency, ammonium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency are some of the common reasons of _________ disorders in greenhouse crops. a) media b) nutrient c) water quality d) heating | back 180 b) nutrient |
front 181 Line-mass arrangements which are based on straight lines include vertical, diagonal, L-shaped, and _________. a) crescent b) inverted-T c) S-curve d) Hogarth curve | back 181 b) inverted-T |
front 182 The formula for determining average daily temperature (ADT) is: a) (day temperature x hours) ÷ 24 b) (day temperature x hours) ÷ 12 c) (day temperature x hours) + (night temperature x hours) ÷ 24 d) (day temperature x hours) + (night temperature x hours) ÷ 12 | back 182 c) (day temperature x hours) + (night temperature x hours) ÷ 24 |
front 183 True or False: A common guideline in floral design is to make the height of the arrangement at least 1-1/2 times the height of the container. a) True b) False | back 183 a) True |
front 184 _________ is the art of organizing the design elements inherent in plant materials, container, and accessories according to the principles of design. a) Color design b) Flower arrangement c) Proportional balance d) Floral design | back 184 d) Floral design |
front 185 The most widely used mechanics item used for supporting flowers in arrangements is: a) chicken wire b) plastic grid c) tape d) floral foam | back 185 d) floral foam |
front 186 The premier student organization for young people interested in the floral industry is the _________ a) National Florist Association b) National FFA Organization c) National Horticulture Association d) Future Business Leaders Organization | back 186 b) National FFA Organization |
front 187 Correcting high pH can be achieved by _________ a) using a high-ammonium fertilizer combined with low alkalinity b) using a low-ammonium fertilizer combined with high alkalinity c) applying potassium bicarbonate d) drenching soil with flowable lime | back 187 a) using a high-ammonium fertilizer combined with low alkalinity |
front 188 True or False: The stitch method is a foliage wiring technique used on solid or wide leaves so the leaves can be shaped and curved to fit the style and shape of a corsage or boutonniere. a) True b) False | back 188 a) True |
front 189 A half-couch casket spray is: a) A triangular one-sided, hand-tied design. b) A small design displayed inside the casket lid. c) A large casket piece that is placed in the center of a closed full couch. d) A floral piece that is placed on the right of side of a half couch. | back 189 d) A floral piece that is placed on the right of side of a half couch. |
front 190 True or False: Boutonnieres should never be designed with more than a single flower. a) True b) False | back 190 b) False |
front 191 Flower arrangements are more pleasing to the eye when their outline creates a _________ pattern. a) geometric b) round c) triangular d) crescent | back 191 a) geometric |
front 192 True or False: Tulips, hyacinths, crocus, and daffodils are all flowering bulbs. a) True b) False | back 192 a) True |
front 193 The _________ orchid is the largest of the orchid types used by florists for corsages. a) Cattleya b) Cymbidium c) Dendrobium d) Phalaenopsis | back 193 a) Cattleya |
front 194 By tradition, on Mother's Day, a _________ flower or corsage is worn by a daughter as a symbol of love and honor for a living mother, and _________ flowers are worn as a memorial for a mother who is no longer living. a) white, pink b) yellow, white c) red, white d) pink, yellow | back 194 c) red, white |
front 195 High or low fertility levels can _________ crop susceptibility to _________ and _________ a) decrease, heat, cold b) increase, insects, mites c) increase, heat, cold d) decrease, insects, mites | back 195 b) increase, insects, mites |
front 196 A _________ bouquet is a round bouquet that is based on the English nosegay of the Georgian and Victorian eras. a) cascade b) colonial c) arm d) crescent | back 196 b) colonial |
front 197 _________ is the application of water-soluble fertilizers through the irrigation of water. a) Fertigation b) Irrigation c) Pre-plant fertilization d) Water motor-controlled injection | back 197 a) Fertigation |
front 198 Considerations when planning a wedding include: a) Location of the wedding b) Time of year c) Budget range d) All of the above | back 198 d) All of the above |
front 199 Accented neutral, monochromatic, analogous, and split complementary are the most common _________ used by florists in designs. a) color schemes b) floral arrangements c) texture arrangements d) lines | back 199 a) color schemes |
front 200 _________ is a technique of positioning plant materials very close together to cover floral foam in organized lines or areas. a) Binding b) Pillowing c) Pavé d) Terracing | back 200 c) Pavé |
front 201 The optimum range for most crops growing in a soilless medium is _____________ -_____________ , because in this range micronutrients are _____________ enough to satisfy plant needs without becoming so _____________ as to be toxic) a) 7.35, 7.45, soluble, soluble b) 5.8, 6.4, soluble, soluble c) 5.14, 5.75, insoluble, insoluble d) 7.35, 7.45, insoluble, soluble | back 201 b) 5.8, 6.4, soluble, soluble |
front 202 High humidity in the greenhouse causes plugs to _____________ and be soft due to lack of _____________ uptake. a) stretch, oxygen b) shrink, nitrogen C) shrink, calcium d) stretch, calcium | back 202 d) stretch, calcium |
front 203 _____________ can become a problem when plugs are older and the plant canopy is tight. a) Botrytis b) Lobularia c) Vinca d) Celosia | back 203 a) Botrytis |
front 204 Snapdragons can be stored for three to four days, dry or in water, at 40°F (4°C). a) True b) False | back 204 a) True |
front 205 Campanula carpatica is an important _____________ flowering pot crop for a number of European growers. a) Fall b) Winter c) Summer d) Spring | back 205 c) Summer |
front 206 You cannot change your poinsettia crop while it is growing based on the type of fertilizer you use. a) True b) False | back 206 b) False |
front 207 Gladioli species and the cultivars produce a multi-flowered inflorescence that can contain _____________ to _____________ florets. a) 2,9 b) 10,25 c) 3, 13 d) 26,35 | back 207 b) 10,25 |
front 208 ___________, or satin flower has been transformed from a unique and uncommon garden plant into a dependable cut flower for greenhouse and field production and for pot plant production. a) Godetia b) Gomphrena c) Gladiolus d) Geranium | back 208 a) Godetia |
front 209 Rudbeckia fulgida is also known as _____________ a) African violet b) Rosemary c) Black-eyed Susan d) Azalea | back 209 c) Black-eyed Susan |
front 210 Azaleas are vegetatively propagated from stem or tip cuttings harvested from actively growing plants. While rooting is relatively easy, growing a "florist" azalea takes as long as _____________ to_____________ a) 12, 24 months b) 2, 3 months c) 2, 3 years d) 1, 2 years | back 210 c) 2, 3 years |
front 211 The goal of propagation is to reproduce a selected plant type, such as a plant species, subspecies, variety, or cultivar. A plant species is defined as having naturally occurring, generic set of characteristics and is united with other closely related species by color, flowering time, and so on. a) True b) False | back 211 b) False |
front 212 Exacum affine is an example of a species that is commercially cultivated) a) True b) False | back 212 a) True |
front 213 Geophytes include any species that form modified plant _____________ for _____________ storage including bulbs, corms, tubers, tuberous roots, rhizomes, and pseudobulbs. a) fungus, oxygen b) organs, carbohydrate c) organs, nitrogen d) fungus, nitrogen | back 213 b) organs, carbohydrate |
front 214 _____________ induces adventitious roots to form on stems while they are still attached to the parent plant. a) Division b) Budding c) Layering d) Grafting | back 214 c) Layering |
front 215 _____________ is used in research to study physiological processes or plant diseases. a) Grafting b) Division c) Layering d) Budding | back 215 a) Grafting |
front 216 Various lamp types are available for floriculture use which can be divided into three basic types, incandescent, _____________, and _____________ a) HID b) Fluorescent c) Neither a or b d) Both a and b | back 216 d) Both a and b |
front 217 Two common ways to reduce the light intensity in a greenhouse are with shade cloths and shading compounds. Shade cloth is available in a variety of types which reduce light by _____________ to_____________ %. a) 5, 15 b) 13, 24 c) 12, 18 d) 25,98 | back 217 d) 25,98 |
front 218 Yellow margins and necrotic edges, especially on lower leaves; leaves may curl up or down; root tips may be necrotic are all symptoms of what type of toxicity? a) Nitrogen b) Calcium c) Ammonium d) Sulfur | back 218 c) Ammonium |
front 219 _____________ _____________ regulation is defined as any chemical or process used to produce a specific type of growth response, such as inhibition of internode elongation or root development. a) Plant growth b) Abscisic acid c) Tissue Culture d) Root development | back 219 a) Plant growth |
front 220 Chemical growth retardants are registered for use on vegetable or other edible bedding plants such as tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), peppers (Capsicum annuum), and herbs. a) True b) False | back 220 b) False |
front 221 Tropical flowers like birds -of-paradise, anthurium, ginger and orchids should be kept in a separate cooler set with _____________ temperatures ( _____________° to _____________°). a) Cooler, 39°, 44° b) Warmer, 61°, 66° c) Warmer, 45°, 50° d) Cooler, 57°, 60° | back 221 c) Warmer, 45°, 50° |
front 222 Match the Common name with the scientific name of the Indoor flowering Plants. Primrose a) Clivia miniata b) Primula malacoides c) Rhododendron d) Pelargonium hortorum | back 222 b) Primula malacoides |
front 223 Match the Common name with the scientific name of the Indoor flowering Plants. Azalea a) Clivia miniata b) Primula malacoides c) Rhododendron d) Pelargonium hortorum | back 223 c) Rhododendron |
front 224 Match the Common name with the scientific name of the Indoor flowering Plants. Kafir Lily a) Clivia miniata b) Primula malacoides c) Rhododendron d) Pelargonium hortorum | back 224 a) Clivia miniata |
front 225 Match the Common name with the scientific name of the Indoor flowering Plants. Geranium a) Clivia miniata b) Primula malacoides c) Rhododendron d) Pelargonium hortorum | back 225 d) Pelargonium hortorum |
front 226 Corsages are most commonly worn on the _____________ _____________ a) left shoulder b) right shoulder c) left wrist d) right wrist | back 226 a) left shoulder |
front 227 Which one of the four plants listed below originated in the Mediterranean region? a) Mystus Communis b) Monstera deliciosa c) Maranta leuconeura d) Magnolia grandiflora | back 227 a) Mystus Communis |
front 228 Name the plant that fits the following description. Long, round, hollow, leafless stems up to 4 feet long and 1/4 to 1/2 inch wide with furrowed ridges running the length of stem segments. Silica in ridges gives surface rough quality. a) Euonymus japonica (Euon; mus) b) Dracaena sanderana (Ribbon Plant) c) Equisetum hyemale (Horsetail, Scouring Rush) d) Eucalyptus pulverulenta (Eucalyptus) | back 228 c) Equisetum hyemale (Horsetail, Scouring Rush) |
front 229 Name the plant that fits the following description. Twisting vine with bunches of bright orange berries, revealed when fruit dehisces ( bursts open). a) Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ( Port Orchard Cedar) b) Camellia japonica (Camellia) c) Calocedrus decurrens (Incense Cedar) d) Celastrus scandens (Bittersweet) | back 229 d) Celastrus scandens (Bittersweet) |
front 230 What is blue or violet in color; individual flowers shaped like a helmet or hood with a beak in front. Flowers arranged on a spike-like raceme while available in summer and fall. a) Monkshood b) Acacia, Mimosa c) Yarrow d) Lily-of-the-Nile, African Lily | back 230 a) Monkshood |
front 231 The classical period of floral design from (28 BC - 325 AD) was the _____________ period) a) Egyptian b) Greek c) Roman d) Byzantine | back 231 c) Roman |
front 232 The Italian artist Michelangelo greatly influenced the artistic transition from the classical _____________ style to the lavish mood of the _____________ period) This style of design became most highly developed by the painters of Holland and Belgium, who used floral arrangements placed to complement the settings for their paintings. a) Byzantine, Roman b) Egyptian, Greek c) Renaissance, Baroque d) None of the above | back 232 c) Renaissance, Baroque |
front 233 The S-curve was created by an English painter named William Hogwarts, who described this style as the "line of beauty." This style of flower arrangement, the Hogwartian curve, is still quite popular in modern design because it utilizes a rhythmic, asymmetrical balance. a) True b) False | back 233 b) False |
front 234 The art of Japanese flower arranging has evolved through various periods. The basic Japanese floral design styles are Ikenobo, Rikkwa, Shokwa, Nageire, Moribana, and Jiyu-Bana) Which arrangement style was established as a refinement of the art and ritual of flower use for Japanese Buddhist temple altars? a) Rikkwa b) Nageire c) Jiyu-bana d) Ikenobo | back 234 d) Ikenobo |
front 235 The first rules for Japanese floral design were written in the early eleventh century. These rules applied to the _____________ style, which depicted natural scenes and utilized the following three structural elements in each design: Shin, Soe and Tai. a) Rikkwa b) Nageire c) Jiyu-bana d) Ikenobo | back 235 a) Rikkwa |
front 236 Through the development of the _____________ style, Japanese flower arrangements evolved into the three-dimensional designs that were later adapted into Western floral arrangements. a) Rikkwa b) Nageire c) Jiyu-bana d) Ikenobo | back 236 a) Rikkwa |
front 237 In all arrangements when looking at the principles of design, the floral designer is striving for emphasis, balance, proportion, _____________, _____________, and unity. a) texture, color b) depth, height c) rhythm, harmony d) interest, desire | back 237 c) rhythm, harmony |
front 238 The use of negative spaces or voids within the arrangement is equally as important as sizes of flowers in creating a pleasing proportion. a) True b) False | back 238 a) True |
front 239 An analogous color scheme is created by combining any three _____________ found next to each other on the color wheel. The color scheme has a great emotional appeal because any three colors that lie next to each other on the color wheel were developed from a single primary color. a) shades b) tones c) tints d) hues | back 239 d) hues |
front 240 A monochromatic color scheme is created from flowers and foliage with the tints and shades of a single _____________ a) value b) tone c) hue d) none of the above | back 240 c) hue |
front 241 Filler flowers add a finishing touch to an arrangement. The two types of filler flowers used in flower arrangements are _____________ and _____________ a) leather leaf, lemon leaf b) bunch, feather c) texture, fluffer leaf d) depth, height | back 241 b) bunch, feather |
front 242 The temperature that benefits the majority of the flowers held by a florist is 350-40° F _____________ °C) a) 4°, 4.5° b) 7°, 12° c) 50, 7.5° d) 15°, 17° | back 242 a) 4°, 4.5° |
front 243 The size of the wire is listed according to its gauge number. The higher the gauge number, the _____________ wire. a) heavier b) lighter c) finer d) none of the above | back 243 c) finer |
front 244 Several different types of grafting have been developed including _____________, splice, side, _____________, side-veneer, cleft, bark, and approach grafting. a) swirl (tongue), budding b) whip (tongue), ring (annular) c) T (shield), inverted T d) whip (tongue), side-tongue | back 244 d) whip (tongue), side-tongue |
front 245 Soluble salts refer to the total dissolved ions in media water solutions. Soluble salts are measured by means of electrical conductivity (EC); the lesser the soluble salt concentration, the more easily an electrical current will pass through a medium water solution. a) True b) False | back 245 b) False |
front 246 _____________ are/is the fiber of a palm tree used like string or ribbon to tie things together. a) Salal leaves b) Cornucopia c) Raffia d) none of the above | back 246 c) Raffia |
front 247 _____________, commonly called _____________ throughout the trade, is the traditional filler flower for mixed bouquets and arrangements. a) Gladiolus, gla b) Gloxinia, Glox c) Godetia, Gode d) Gypsophila, gyp | back 247 d) Gypsophila, gyp |
front 248 Sunflower is also known as _____________ a) Helianthus b) Helichrysum c) Heliotropium d) Hemerocallis | back 248 a) Helianthus |
front 249 Daylily also known as _____________ a) Helianthus b) Helichrysum c) Heliotropium d) Hemerocallis | back 249 d) Hemerocallis |
front 250 Amaryllis also known as _____________ a) Hosta spp. b) Hippeastrum hybrids c) Hydrangea d) Hibiscus moscheutos/H. hybrids | back 250 b) Hippeastrum hybrids |
front 251 Wreaths, garlands, loose flowers and petals were the floral design styles used during which historical floral period? A. Greek and Roman B. Victorian C. Art Deco D. Art Nouveau | back 251 A. Greek and Roman |
front 252 Which historical floral period includes floral design styles that were massed, rounded and fan shaped? A. Egyptian B. Art Deco C. American Colonial D. Oriental | back 252 C. American Colonial |
front 253 Which principal of design is defined as 'a oneness or being complete in itself'? A. Harmony B. Unity C. Proportion D. Line | back 253 B. Unity |
front 254 What color adaptation is created by adding gray to a pure hue? A. Chroma B. Tint C. Tone D. Shade | back 254 C. Tone |
front 255 Which color scheme or color harmony includes hues that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel? A. Complementary B. Analogous C. Monochromatic D. Triadic | back 255 B. Analogous |
front 256 When an arrangement is too small for its surroundings, it is said to be out of _______________. A. Harmony B. Tone C. Rhythm D. Proportion | back 256 D. Proportion |
front 257 Which color harmony uses two hues that are directly opposite to each other on the color wheel? A. Complementary B. Analogous C. Monochromatic D. Triadic | back 257 A. Complementary |
front 258 An appropriate lightweight wire to use for corsage construction is: A. #18 gauge B. #9 gauge C. #22 gauge D. #28 gauge | back 258 D. #28 gauge |
front 259 Chrysanthemums, Asters, Daisies, and other flat-faced flowers are wired for corsages using which method? A. Pierce B. Hook-Wiring C. Stitch D. Clutch or Wrap-Around | back 259 B. Hook-Wiring |
front 260 Which item is a floral piece worn by a man and typically worn on the right-side jacket lapel, near the buttonhole? A. Corsage B. Wristlet C. Boutonniere D. Clutch | back 260 C. Boutonniere |
front 261 Which of the following elements of design allows each flower/form to have its own individual importance? A. Depth B. Space C. Form D. Line | back 261 B. Space |
front 262 Which bouquet style would be best for a full wedding gown with a long train? A. Tussy Mussy B. Cascading C. Presentation D. Round Cluster | back 262 B. Cascading |
front 263 A Hogarth Curve floral design is created by A. An "O" shape B. A "C" shape C. A "S" shape D. A "H" shape | back 263 C. A "S" shape |
front 264 Clogged stems in cut flowers are caused by an air embolism. An air embolism is A. Where disease organisms move into the flower from the air clogging the stem. B. Where a bubble of air enters the xylem preventing water from reaching the flower. C. Where the different between room and flower cooler temperature clog the stem. D. Where the flower stem clogs when the flower cooler temperature drops below 36 degrees F. | back 264 B. Where a bubble of air enters the xylem preventing water from reaching the flower. |
front 265 Which wiring method should be used for carnations when they are to be used in corsages and boutonnieres? A. Piercing B. Clutch C. Hook D. Stitch | back 265 A. Piercing |
front 266 The part of the plant stem that produces all new cells is the A. Heartwood B. Xylem C. Phloem D. Cambium | back 266 D. Cambium |
front 267 In the following list of pesticides the ________________ must be mixed with water to apply. A. Emulsifiable concentrate B. Granules C. Dusts D. Baits | back 267 A. Emulsifiable concentrate |
front 268 An acid loving crop grows best at a pH of ____________. A. 6.8-7.4 B. 6.2-6.8 C. 4.5-5.8 D. 5.8-6.2 | back 268 C. 4.5-5.8 |
front 269 Auxins and gibberellic acid are hormones in plants that promote growth through ____________________. A. Cell division B. Cell enlargement C. Cell specialization D. Cell protection | back 269 B. Cell enlargement |
front 270 Double layer poly should have how much space between layers for proper inflation and full insulation? A. 1 inch B. 12-14 inches C. At least 2 feet D. 6-8 inches | back 270 D. 6-8 inches |
front 271 In a horticulture business, the product you choose to produce and retail should be at what price above the total production and marketing costs (all fixed and variable costs) to make it feasible to produce and sell? A. 100% B. 150% C. 250% D. 500% | back 271 C. 250% |
front 272 The amount of light a plant receives greatly influences root growth, shoot growth, and flowering. The highest quality greenhouse plants need ______________ foot candles of light per day? A. 500-1,000 B. 2,000-3,000 C. 4,000-6,000 D. 7,000-8,000 | back 272 C. 4,000-6,000 |
front 273 Botrytis often presents itself on flowers as gray mold. This disease is caused by a(an) __________. A. Fungus B. Virus C. Bacteria D. Environmental Condition | back 273 A. Fungus |
front 274 The ______________ container is 1⁄2 as high as it is wide. A. Standard pot B. Bulb pan C. Azalea pot D. Mum pot | back 274 B. Bulb pan |
front 275 Greenhouse production often requires insecticides to be sprayed to prevent insect damage on flowers. Insecticides that are applied in gaseous form are ________________________. A. Systemic B. Fumigants C. Contact D. Repellents | back 275 B. Fumigants |
front 276 Rubber Plants are commonly reproduced through an asexual propagation method known as ___________, which is shown to the right. A. Air layering B. Compound layering C. Whip or tongue grafting D. Cleft grafting | back 276 A. Air layering |
front 277 Most plants grow best in the 40-80 percent relative _____________ range. This is the amount of moisture that is contained in the air surrounding the plant. A. Foot candles B. Particles C. Humidity D. Dew point | back 277 C. Humidity |
front 278 One popular way of identifying plants is to observe their leaf ____________; which will tell the person if the leaves are opposite, alternate, whorled, etc. A. Arrangement B. Margins C. Shape D. Forms | back 278 A. Arrangement |
front 279 A growing media amendment that is grown primarily in marshes, bogs or swamps and has a high- water holding capacity is known as ___________. A. Perlite B. Vermiculite C. Sand D. Peat Moss | back 279 D. Peat Moss |
front 280 In order to have a year-round supply of cut flowers, such as Tulips and Crocus, that grow from bulbs; greenhouse growers are known to __________ bulbs. This means they plant bulbs out of season and grow them in a cold or refrigerated area for 10-12 weeks. A. Force B. Fertilize C. Prune D. Divide | back 280 A. Force |
front 281 The waxy coating on the outside of a leaf, called the __________, serves to prevent excessive water loss from the leaf tissues. A. Petiole B. Stoma C. Cuticle D. Vein | back 281 C. Cuticle |
front 282 When a plant is showing signs of ___________ deficiency, you might notice the leaves turning a dark to reddish leaf color. A. Nitrogen B. Phosphorus C. Potassium D. Sunlight | back 282 B. Phosphorus |
front 283 The item "labeled X" in the figure below, is the ____________, which attaches the leaf to the stem. A. Petiole B. Stipule C. Midrib D. Apex | back 283 A. Petiole |
front 284 The _____________ civilization is credited with being one of the first cultures to use floral arrangements in their homes. A. American B. Greek C. European D. Egyptian | back 284 D. Egyptian |
front 285 The height of an arrangement should be at least ___________ times the container's greatest dimension. A. 1⁄2 B. 1 1⁄2 C. 3 D. 5 | back 285 B. 1 1⁄2 |
front 286 Flowers, such as Baby's Breath or Aster, are commonly referred to as ____________ flowers in floral arrangements. A. Texture B. Focal C. Filler D. Form | back 286 C. Filler |
front 287 Which of the following greenhouse substrate components is derived from volcanic rock? A. Vermiculite B. Perlite C. Peat D. Bark Medium | back 287 B. Perlite |
front 288 Which of the following flowers could be used as a focal point in a floral design? A. Wax flower B. Bird-of-Paradise C. Miniature Carnation D. Leatherleaf Fern | back 288 B. Bird-of-Paradise |
front 289 The primary benefit(s) of shading a greenhouse is (are): A. To keep the greenhouse temperatures lower B. To reduce light intensity C. To reduce pest populations D. A and B | back 289 D. A and B |
front 290 The process of _______________ is when a plant loses water through stomata. A. Transduction B. Translocation C. Transpiration D. None of the above | back 290 C. Transpiration |
front 291 A greenhouse pest that is small with tan, feather-like wings would likely be a ______________________. A. Fungus gnat B. Greenhouse whitefly C. Western flower thrip D. Shore fly | back 291 C. Western flower thrip |
front 292 _______________ is when a plant secretes a substance to inhibit growth of another plant. A. Allelopathy B. Anthesis C. Transcription D. Translation | back 292 A. Allelopathy |
front 293 The first thing to do before applying a pesticide is ____________________. A. Fill the spray tank B. Read the label C. Put on personal protective equipment D. Rinse out the sprayer tank | back 293 B. Read the label |
front 294 ___________ is the development of a plant from a seed or spore. A. Scarification B. Stratification C. Vernalization D. Germination | back 294 D. Germination |
front 295 Aluminum can affect the color of what florist's flower? A. Hydrangea B. Dahlia C. Zinnia D. Asiatic Lily | back 295 A. Hydrangea |
front 296 If one were to make a tint of yellow, what color would be added? A. Black B. Gray C. White D. Any of the above | back 296 C. White |
front 297 Which of the following could be used to preserve or dry flowers and foliage? A. Silica gel B. Sand C. Glycerin D. All of the above | back 297 D. All of the above |
front 298 Which of the following would be a direct cost in a floral shop: A. Cut flowers in the cooler B. Insurance for the shop's building C. Energy bills D. Membership fee for FTD | back 298 A. Cut flowers in the cooler |
front 299 The following is not a characteristic of an insect: A. Two tentacles B. Six legs C. Two pairs of wings D. Three body segments | back 299 A. Two tentacles |
front 300 Most indoor foliage plants need which kind of lighting? A. Direct sunlight B. Bright indirect light C. Medium light D. Bright light | back 300 B. Bright indirect light |