front 1 Jonathan Edwards | back 1 American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated the Great Awakening, a period of renewed interest in religion in America; famous speech "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" |
front 2 Benjamin Franklin | back 2 One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. He was also the author of Poor Richard's Almanac. |
front 3 George Whitefield | back 3 Masterful orator, rekindled the religiousness of the colonies during the Great Awakening. He was a leader of the "new lights" |
front 4 John Peter Zenger | back 4 A newspaper printer from New York, was arrested and tried for seditious libel for attacking the royal governor. He was acquitted with the help of his lawyer, Andrew Hamilton. This was a huge step for the freedom of the press. |
front 5 Phillis Wheatley | back 5 A slave girl from Boston, became a distinguished poet and was brought to England, where she published a book of her verses |
front 6 John Copley | back 6 An American painter who fled to England to avoid the American Revolution, as he was regarded as a Loyalist. |
front 7 Charles Peale | back 7 An American painter famous for his portraits of George Washington who dabbled in a variety of other areas, such as taxonomy and dentistry. |
front 8 Paxton Boys | back 8 A group of Scots-Irish from the outskirts of Philadelphia, protested the Quakers' leniency toward the Indians. Their actions sparked the Regulator Movement in North Carolina |
front 9 Great Awakening | back 9 A period of huge religious revival throughout the colonies, sparked by a few strong religious speakers, called the "new lights." |
front 10 Regulator Movement | back 10 A movement in North Carolina where dissenters, mostly Scots-Irish, believed that tax money was being dealt unfairly |
front 11 Old Lights | back 11 Conservative clergymen who were against the emotional approach of the Great Awakening |
front 12 New Lights | back 12 Clergymen who defended the Great Awakening for reinvigorating American religion |
front 13 seditious libel | back 13 The crime of openly criticizing a public official |
front 14 Triangular Trade | back 14 A trade between America, the West Indies, and Africa, which some colonists took advantage of after the fall of the Royal African Company, and yielded great profits to its merchants. |
front 15 Molasses Act | back 15 An act intended to end American trade with the French West Indies passed by Britain, which was largely overridden by smuggling and bribery. |
front 16 examples of established churches | back 16 Churches funded by taxes, such as the Anglican and Congregational churches |
front 17 almshouses | back 17 Houses designated to aid the widows and orphans of Philadelphia and New York |
front 18 gentry | back 18 The most powerful members of a society |
front 19 provincial | back 19 Limited in outlook to ones own small corner of the world |
front 20 Poor Richard's Almanac | back 20 A bestselling book written by Benjamin Franklin that was a compilation of many different sayings |
front 21 Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God | back 21 One of Jonathan Edwards' most famous sermons, which warned listeners of Hell |
front 22 Baptists Church | back 22 A church founded by Roger Williams, which was largely based on Calvinism |
front 23 Anglicans | back 23 A group of Protestants (within the Church of England) that wanted to establish a church who would be led by the English monarchy while maintaining their Catholic traditions without the Pope. |
front 24 royal colonies | back 24 Colonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king's veto power over colonial laws. |
front 25 proprietary colonies | back 25 Colonies under authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king. |
front 26 Harvard | back 26 The oldest college in America, which reflected Puritan commitment to an educated ministry |
front 27 William and Mary | back 27 Public university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States; founded in 1693- Anglican |
front 28 Yale University | back 28 The third institution of higher learning in the United States was founded in 1701 - founded by Congregationalists |