front 1 Mitchell Palmer | back 1 Attorney General who rounded up many suspects who were thought to be un-American and socialistic; he helped to increase the Red Scare; he was nicknamed the "Fighting Quaker" until a bomb destroyed his home; he then had a nervous breakdown and became known as the "Quaking Fighter." |
front 2 Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti | back 2 Italian anarchists convicted and executed for murder despite scarce evidence against them |
front 3 Horace Kallen | back 3 He defended the immigrants and said they needed their different cultures because they were unique, and stressed the preservation of identity |
front 4 Randolph Bourne | back 4 He advocated greater cross-fertilization between immigrants and then America would become a multi-cultured nation |
front 5 Al Capone | back 5 A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs. |
front 6 John Dewey | back 6 He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard." |
front 7 John T. Scopes | back 7 An educator in Tennessee who was arrested for teaching evolution. This trial represented the Fundamentalist vs the Modernist. The trial placed a negative image on fundamentalists, and it showed a changing America. |
front 8 William Jennings Bryan | back 8 United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925) |
front 9 Clarence Darrow | back 9 A famed criminal defense lawyer for Scopes, who supported evolution. He caused William Jennings Bryan to appear foolish when Darrow questioned Bryan about the Bible. |
front 10 Andrew Mellon | back 10 Secretary of Treasury under President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, who instituted a Republican policy of reduced government spending, lower taxes to the wealthy and higher tariffs |
front 11 Bruce Barton | back 11 A founder of the "new profession" of advertising, which used the persuasion ploy, seduction, and sexual suggestion. He was a prominent New York partner in a Madison Avenue firm. He published a best seller in 1925, The Man Nobody Knows, suggesting that Jesus Christ was the greatest ad man of all time. He even praised Christ's "executive ability." He encouraged any advertising man to read the parables of Jesus. |
front 12 Babe Ruth | back 12 "Home Run King" in baseball, provided an idol for young people and a figurehead for America |
front 13 Jack Dempsey | back 13 United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion (1895-1983) |
front 14 Henry Ford | back 14 1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents. |
front 15 Frederick W. Taylor | back 15 an engineer, an inventor, and a tennis player. He sought to eliminate wasted motion. Famous for scientific-management especially time-management studies. |
front 16 Charles Lindbergh | back 16 United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974) |
front 17 D.W. Griffiths | back 17 The "Inventor of Hollywood", was an American film director who pioneered modern film-making techniques. Directed "Birth of A Nation" |
front 18 Margaret Sanger | back 18 American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood. |
front 19 Sigmund Freud | back 19 Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis. |
front 20 "Jelly Roll" Morton | back 20 African American pianist, composer, arranger, and band leader from New Orleans; Bridged that gap between the piano styles of ragtime and jazz; Was the first important jazz composer |
front 21 Langston Hughes | back 21 African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance. |
front 22 Marcus Garvey | back 22 African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927. |
front 23 Edith Wharton | back 23 is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American author who wrote Ethan Frome |
front 24 Willa Cather | back 24 Was a female American author who achieved recognition for her novels of frontier life on the Great Plains. Her works include: O Pioneers!, My Ántonia, and The Song of the Lark. In 1923 she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for "One of Ours (1922), a novel set during World War I |
front 25 H. L. Mencken | back 25 attacked patriotism. prohibition, and other timely topics in his monthly magazine "The American Mercury" |
front 26 F. Scott Fitzgerald | back 26 Wrote literature opposing society, was not famous in his day but is now known for Great Gatsby and many other writings. |
front 27 Ernest Hemingway | back 27 Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms |
front 28 Sherwood Anderson | back 28 An American writer helped Ernest Hemingway into the literary community in Paris. Hemingway later parodied this writer's work, which led to a souring of the relationship between Hemingway and Gertrude Stein. |
front 29 Sinclair Lewis | back 29 American novelist who satirized middle-class America in his 22 works, including Babbitt (1922) and Elmer Gantry (1927). He was the first American to receive (1930) a Nobel Prize for literature. |
front 30 Eugene O'Neill | back 30 20th Century playwright. Desire Under the Elms, The Hairy Ape, and The Iceman Cometh. Nobel laureate in literature |
front 31 Zora Neale Hurston | back 31 African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance |
front 32 Claude McKay | back 32 A poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement and wrote the poem "If We Must Die" after the Chicago riot of 1919. |
front 33 William Faulkner | back 33 Twentieth-century novelist, used the stream-of-consciousness technique in his novel The Sound of Fury, whose intense drama is seen through the eyes of an idiot. |
front 34 nativist | back 34 A person who, especially in the United States in the 19th century, favors the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants. |
front 35 red scare | back 35 A period of general fear of communists |
front 36 Bolshevik revolution | back 36 1917 uprising in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin which established a communist government and withdrew Russia from World War I. |
front 37 Sacco and Vanzetti case | back 37 These were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. |
front 38 Ku Klux Klan | back 38 This organization was a group of Americans that often engaged in the lynching of African Americans, Jews, Catholics, among many other groups that were not native-born white Protestants. |
front 39 The Birth of a Nation | back 39 A dramatic silent film from 1915 about the South during and after the Civil War. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. The film, the first so-called spectacular, is considered highly controversial for its portrayal of African-Americans. It also glorified KKK members and carpetbaggers. |
front 40 Immigration Act of 1924 | back 40 This act abolished the National Origins system; increased annual admission to 170,000 and put a population cap of 20,000 on immigrants from any single nation. |
front 41 national origins quota system | back 41 (1924) limited Europe immigration in 1924. It was widely supported by rural areas and banned all Asian immigrants from coming to the US. It affected the flow of immigrants into the US and hurt diversity. It was also considered the most enduring of the rural counterattacks and lasted until the 1960s |
front 42 "melting pot" | back 42 the mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples that has changed the American nation. The United States, with its history of immigration, has often been called a melting pot. |
front 43 Volstead Act | back 43 Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States. |
front 44 Fundamentalists | back 44 Broad movement in Protestantism in the U.S. which tried to preserve what it considered the basic ideas of Christianity against criticism by liberal theologies. It stressed the literal truths of the Bible and creation. |
front 45 Bible Belt | back 45 The region of the American South, extending roughly from North Carolina west to Oklahoma and Texas, where Protestant Fundamentalism and belief in literal interpretation of the Bible were traditionally strongest. |
front 46 The Man Nobody Knows | back 46 One of the most successful books of the 1920s due to the advertising executive Bruce Barton. It portrayed Jesus Christ as not only a religious prophet but also a super salesman. Bruce advertised the message that Jesus had been concerned with living a full and rewarding life and that men and women of the twentieth century should do the same. |
front 47 Model T | back 47 A cheap and simple car designed by Ford. It allowed for more Americans to own a car. |
front 48 Fordism | back 48 System of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford. |
front 49 scientific management | back 49 a management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it |
front 50 Amos 'n' Andy | back 50 Various regions heard voices with standardized accents, and countless millions "tuned in" to perennial comedy favorites like "Amos 'n' Andy." White actors depicting African Americans in a pejorative way |
front 51 The Jazz Singer | back 51 1927 - The first movie with sound; this "talkie" was about the life of famous jazz singer; Al Jolson. |
front 52 Equal Rights Amendment | back 52 constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender |
front 53 Harlem Renaissance | back 53 A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished |
front 54 United Negro Improvement Association | back 54 A group founded by Marcus Garvey to promote the settlement of American blacks in their own "African homeland" |
front 55 Billy Sunday | back 55 American fundamentalist minister; he used colorful language and powerful sermons to drive home the message of salvation through Jesus and to oppose radical and progressive groups. |
front 56 open shop | back 56 A company with a labor agreement under which union membership cannot be required as a condition of employment. |
front 57 closed shop | back 57 A company with a labor agreement under which union membership can be a condition of employment. |
front 58 Emergency Quota Act of 1921 | back 58 1921 legislation that limited immigration to 3% of the people of their nationality living in the US in 1910 |
front 59 18th Amendment | back 59 Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages |
front 60 Prohibition | back 60 A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages |
front 61 Monkey Trial | back 61 Theory of Evolution taught in schools |
front 62 Assembly Line Production | back 62 Arrangement of workers, machines, and equipment in which the product being assembled passes consecutively from operation to operation until completed. |
front 63 Buying on Credit | back 63 People bought with credit and paid later. Many went into debt. "Possess today and pay tomorrow" |
front 64 Installment plan buying | back 64 Paying for goods in small intervals instead of all at once, usually with interest added |
front 65 Wright Brothers | back 65 First to achieve a sustained, controlled flight in a powered airplane |
front 66 Guglielmo Marconi | back 66 invented the radio |
front 67 KDKA | back 67 The first commercial radio station in America (in Pittsburgh). |
front 68 The Great Train Robbery | back 68 A 1903 black and white silent western film that was 14 minutes long and the first film to tell a coherent story. Due to its success it is credited for the creating Hollywood and the success of the movie industry. |
front 69 Nickelodeons | back 69 The first movie houses; admission was one nickel |
front 70 Talkies | back 70 movies with sound, beginning in 1927 |
front 71 Standardization | back 71 defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group |
front 72 Flappers | back 72 Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion |
front 73 Theodore Dreiser | back 73 American naturalist who wrote The Financier and The Titan. Like Riis, he helped reveal the poor conditions people in the slums faced and influenced reforms. |
front 74 T.S. Eliot | back 74 wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," "The Waste Land" and "The Hollow Men;" British WWI poet, playwright, and literary critic |
front 75 Louis Armstrong | back 75 Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians. |
front 76 New Negro | back 76 a term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation. |
front 77 Frank Loyd Wright | back 77 architect - prairie |
front 78 speculation | back 78 An involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit. |
front 79 buying on margin | back 79 paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest |
front 80 Andrew Mellon | back 80 Harding, Coolidge, & Hoover Treasury Secretary. Reduced the tax burden on the wealthy and contributed to the stock-market boom. |