front 1 What are the 6 organs of the respiratory system? | back 1 Nose
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front 2 where does gas exchange occur? | back 2 alveoli of the lungs |
front 3 what do the passage ways in the lungs do to upcoming air? | back 3 purify, humidify and warm the incoming air. |
front 4 what is the only visible part of the respiratory system? | back 4 the nose |
front 5 where does air enter through? | back 5 external nostrils (nares) |
front 6 what does the interior of the nose consist of? | back 6 nasal cavity divided by a nasal spetum |
front 7 where are the olfactory receptors located? | back 7 mucosa on the superior surface |
front 8 what does the repiratory mucosa do? | back 8 moisten air and trap incoming foreign particles |
front 9 what are the projections of the lateral walls called? | back 9 Conchae |
front 10 What do the conchae do? | back 10 increase surface area, increase air turbulence within the nasal cavity. |
front 11 what are the cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavities called? | back 11 sinuses |
front 12 the nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the what? | back 12 the palate |
front 13 What is the anterior hard palate made of? | back 13 bone |
front 14 what is the posterior soft palate made of? | back 14 muscle |
front 15 sinuses are located in what 4 bones? | back 15 frontal bone
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front 16 what are the 3 functions of the sinuses? | back 16 lightens the skull
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front 17 what is another name for the pharynx? | back 17 The throat |
front 18 what are the common passage ways for food and air? | back 18 the oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
front 19 what is the pharynx? | back 19 the muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx. |
front 20 What are the 3 regions of the pharynx? | back 20 nasopharynx
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front 21 what tubes open into the nasopharynx? | back 21 pharyngotypmpanic tube |
front 22 what are the names of the 3 tonsils of the pharynx? | back 22 pharyngeal tonsil
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front 23 what is another name for pharyngeal tonsil? | back 23 adenoids |
front 24 what is another name for the voice box? | back 24 larynx |
front 25 what does the larynx do? | back 25 routes air and food into proper channels and plays a role in speech |
front 26 what is the voice box/larynx made up of? | back 26 eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon shapped flap of elsatic cartilage. |
front 27 what is the spoon shaped flap that helps make up the larynx? | back 27 epiglottis |
front 28 what are the 4 structures of the larynx? | back 28 thyroid cartilage
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front 29 What is the thyroid cartilage made up of? | back 29 hyaline cartilages |
front 30 what is the name of the thyroid cartilage that protrudes anteriorly? | back 30 adams apple |
front 31 what does the epiglottis do? | back 31 protects the superior opening of the larynx
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front 32 what do the true vocal cords or vocal folds do to create sound? | back 32 vibrate with expelled air |
front 33 what is the glottis? | back 33 opening between vocal cords |
front 34 what is the trachea known as? | back 34 the windpipe |
front 35 how long is the trachea? | back 35 4 inches |
front 36 what is the trachea? | back 36 tube that connects larynx with bronchi |
front 37 what are the walls of the trache reinforced with? | back 37 c shaped hyaline cartilage |
front 38 what is the trachea lined with? | back 38 cilated mucosa |
front 39 what does the trachea expel? | back 39 mucus loaded with dust and other debris, away from the lungs. |
front 40 what is formed by the divison of the trachea? | back 40 main/primary bronchi |
front 41 where does the main bronchi enter the lung? | back 41 at the hilum |
front 42 the right bronchus is ______, ______ and _______ than left. | back 42 wide, shorter, and straighter |
front 43 the bronchi subdivides into smaller and smaller what? | back 43 branches |
front 44 What occupies most of the thoracic cavity? | back 44 the lungs |
front 45 Where does the heart occupy? | back 45 the central portion called the mediastinum |
front 46 Where is the apex? | back 46 near the clavicle (superior portion) |
front 47 what does the base rest on? | back 47 the diaphragm (inferior portion) |
front 48 each lung is divided into lobes by the _______? | back 48 fissures |
front 49 how many lobes does the left lung have? | back 49 two |
front 50 how many lobes does the right lung have? | back 50 three |
front 51 what covers the outer surface of the lungs? | back 51 serosa |
front 52 what covers the lung surface? | back 52 pulmonary (visceral) pleura |
front 53 what lines the walls of the thoracic cavity? | back 53 parietal pleura |
front 54 pleural fluid fills the area between layers of pleura, why? | back 54 to allow gliding |
front 55 the pulmonary and parietal pleura layers resist being what? | back 55 pulled apart |
front 56 All but the smallest of the bronchial/respiratory tree divisions have __________ _______ in their walls. | back 56 reinforcing cartilage |
front 57 what are the 5 divisions of the bronchial tree divisons? | back 57 primary bronchi
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front 58 what are the structures of the respiratory zone? | back 58 respiratory bronchioles
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front 59 what is the only site of gas exchange? | back 59 alveoli |
front 60 What is the respiratory membrane also known as? | back 60 air-blood barrier |
front 61 what is the respiratory membrane? | back 61 thin squamous epithelial layer that lines alveolar walls. |
front 62 what do thealveolar pores connect? | back 62 neighboring air sacs |
front 63 what do pulmonary capillaries cover? | back 63 external surfaces of alveoli |
front 64 on one side of the respiratory membrane there is air and on the other side is ? | back 64 blood flowing past |
front 65 Gas crosses the respiratory membrane by _______. | back 65 Diffusion |
front 66 during gas exchange, what enters the blood and what enters the alveoli? | back 66 oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide enters the alveoli. |
front 67 What do alveolar macrophages do and what are they known as? | back 67 known as dust cells and add protetion by picking up bacteria, carbon particles and other debris. |
front 68 what is surfactant? | back 68 a lipid molecule |
front 69 what does surfactant do? | back 69 coats gas- exposed alveolar surfaces. |
front 70 What are the 4 events of respiration? | back 70 pulmonary ventilation
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front 71 which event of respiration is commonly known as breathing? | back 71 pulmonary ventilation. (moving air in and out of the lungs. |
front 72 which event of respiration is the gas exchange etween pulmonary blood and alveoli? | back 72 external respiration |
front 73 during external respiration, what is loaded into the blood and what is unloaded from the blood? | back 73 oxygen is loaded and carbon dioxide is unloaded. |
front 74 what happens during respiratory gas transport? | back 74 oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported via the blood stream, to and from tissues. |
front 75 What happens during internal respiration? | back 75 gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries. |
front 76 volume changes during pulmonary ventilation lead to ________ changes, which lead to the flow of ______ to equalize pressure. | back 76 pressure, gases |
front 77 what are the 2 phases of pulmonary ventilation? | back 77 inspiration and expiration. |
front 78 what happens during inspiration?
| back 78 inspiration-inhalation- flow of air into lungs
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front 79 during inspiration what contract? | back 79 diaphragm and external intercostal muscles |
front 80 how does the thoracic cavity change during inspiration? | back 80 the size increases |
front 81 external air is pulled into the lungs due to what 2 things? | back 81 increase in intrapulmonary volume
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front 82 what is the largely passive process which depends on natural lung elasticity? | back 82 expiration |
front 83 during expiration, as muscles relax, air is? | back 83 pushed out of the lungs |
front 84 during expiration, air is pushed out of the lungs due to what 2 things? | back 84 decrease in intrapulmonary volume and increase in gas pressure. |
front 85 force expiration can occur mostly by what? | back 85 contracting internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage. |
front 86 normal pressure within the pleural space is always? | back 86 negative |
front 87 differences in the lung and pleural space pressures keep the lung from __________? | back 87 collapsing |
front 88 What can nonrespiratory air/gas movements be caused from? | back 88 relfexes or voluntary actions. |
front 89 what are examples of nonrespiratory air/gas movements? 5 | back 89 cough and sneeze, crying, laughing, hiccup, yawn. |