Which of the following muscles DO NOT originate on the cricoid cartilage?

• A cricothyroid
• B transverse arytenoid
• C lateral cricoarytenoid
• D posterior cricoarytenoid

B. transverse arytenoid

Relaxation of the external intercostals causes the lungs to

• A. relax, forcing inhalation of air
• B expand, forcing exhalation of air
• C expand, forcing inhalation of air
• D relax, forcing exhalation of air

D. relax, forcing exhalation of air

the pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and ischiococcygeus share which common attribute?

• A part of the levator ani muscle
• B insert on the lower sacrum
• C innervated by S3
• D originate on the ischial spine
• E push coccyx posteriorly after defecation and urination

D. originate on the ischial spine

Assisting erection of the penis and clitoris is the muscular action of the

• A sphincter urethrovaginalis
• B compressor urethrae
• C bulbospongiosus
• D ischiocavernosus

C bulbospongiosus

All of the following are able to adduct the arm at the shoulder joint EXCEPT

• A subscapularis
• B coracobrachialis
• C pectoralis major
• D latissimus dorsi

A. subscapularis

Which muscle flexes the arm at the shoulder join and flexes the forearm at the elbow joint?

• A biceps brachii
• B brachialis
• C deltoid
• D triceps brachii

A. biceps brachii

Which muscle's action is adduction?

• A. A
• B. F
• C. B
• D. C
• E. E
• F. D

B. F

Muscles in the hand that precisely control movements of the digits are all

• A intrinsic muscles of the hand
• B extrinsic muscles of the hand
• C innervated by the ulnar nerve
• D two of the choice are correct

intrinsic muscles of the hand

Abduction of the thigh will tighten this long muscle on the outside of the leg called the ___________ _____

tensor fasciae latae

The knee keeps collapsing into flexion position when weight is placed on it. The nerve to which muscle is damaged?

quadriceps femoris

Damage to the ischial tuberosity would compromise which action?

• A knee rotation
• B knee flexion
• C hip adduction
• D hip abduction
• E knee extension
• F hip flexion

B. knee flexion

Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic eye muscle?

• A medial rectus
• B lateral rectus
• C superior rectus
• D frontalis

A. medial rectus

In addition to elevating the larynx, this muscle helps to close the nasopharynx during deglutition.

• A palatopharyngeus
• B stylopharyngeus
• C superior constrictor
• D middle constrictor

A. palatopharyngeus

The posterior abdominal wall is formed by this muscle.

quadratus lumborum

All of the following muscles act to stabilize the scapula EXCEPT

• A rhomboid major
• B rhomboid minor
• C trapezius
• D coracobrachialis

D. coracobrachialis

This muscle both flexes and adducts the arm at the shoulder joint.

coracobrachialis

The fibula was broken, and after it healed the individual showed no footdrop (cannot dorsiflex), but cannot evert or feel the top of his foot. Which muscle was probably damaged?

fibularis

The ____________ muscles of the foot originate within the foot

intrinsic

Identify the muscle labelled D.

• A gluteus maximus
• B deltoid
• C latissimus dorsi
• D sternocleidomastoid

• A. gluteus maximus

This muscle that flexes the neck is named for its origin and insertion.

sternocleidomastoid

Within opposing muscle pairs, the prime moves contracts to cause an action and the ______________- muscle stretches and yields to the action of the prime muscle.

antagonist

Identify foot muscles that are deep to the lumbricals. Select all that apply.

• A flexor digiti minimi brevis
• B abductor hallucis
• C adductor hallucis
• D flexor hallucis brevis
• E flexor digitorum brevis

A. flexor digiti minimi brevis

C. adductor hallucis

D. flexor hallucis brevis

Muscle of the ______________ compartment of the forearm originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus

anterior

The name hyoglossus tells you that the muscle

• A originates on the hyoid bone and inserts into the tongue
• B originates in the tongue and inserts into the hyoid bone
• C originates in the tongue and elevates the hyoid bone
• D originates on the hyoid bone and elevates the tongue

A. originates on the hyoid bone and inserts into the tongue

Muscle of the perineum are arranged in two layers: superficial and ___________--

deep

____________ of the scapula moves it inferiorly as in pulling down on a rope attached to a pulley.

depression

Which of the following muscles insert onto the surface of the eyeball? Select all that apply.

• A internal oblique
• B levator palpabrae superioris
• C superior oblique
• D superior rectus
• E inferior rectus
• F rectus femoris

C. superior oblique

D. superior rectus

E. inferior rectus

The ________________ compartment of the leg contains muscles that dorsiflex the foot.

anterior

___________ is the act of swallowing.

deglutition

Defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth are all actions of this superficial abdominal muscle.

rectus abdominis

Contraction of the diaphragm muscle causes the lungs to _________________

expand, forcing inhalation of air

Muscle "C" is the _____________

sternohyoid

Identify the muscle labeled F

sternocleidomastoid

Triceps ___________ is a strong forearm extensor

brachii

Muscles that rotate, extend and flex the neck are innervated by which nerves?

cervical nerves

Extension of the thumb moves it ____________ away from the palm

laterally

This muscle's sole action is to extend the head and the vertebral column.

spinalis capitus

Abduction of the thigh will tighten this long muscle on the outside of the leg called the ___________ fasciae latae

tensor fasciae latae

Based on the muscle's name, which statement explains the muscle's features?

• A Flexor carpi ulnaris—flexes the wrist and arises near the ulna.
• B Flexor carpi ulnaris—flexes the wrist and arises near the radius.
• C Flexor carpi ulnaris—extends the wrist and arises near the ulna.
• D Flexor carpi ulnaris—extends the wrist and arises near the radius.
• E Flexor carpi ulnaris—abducts the wrist and arises near the ulna.

A. Flexor carpi ulnaris—flexes the wrist and arises near the ulna.

The attachment of a muscle's tendon to a stationary bone is the ____________ whereas the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the insertion.

origin

Named after a flat fish, the _____________ and the gastrocnemius make up the superficial posterior leg muscles.

soleus

A strap-like muscle on the anterior aspect the thigh is the __________________ ; it acts to laterally rotate the thigh at the hip joint and flex the knee.

sartorius

The ________________ thoracic muscles are the trapezius, levator scapulae,rhomboid major and rhomboid minor

posterior

Which extrinsic eye muscle abducts the eye?

lateral rectus

The _____________ nerve(s) innervates the plantar muscles of the foot.

plantar

This type of lever sacrifices speed and range of motion but is ideally suited for lifting the weight of the body when standing on the toes.

second class lever

The __________________ is a region of the trunk that's inferior to the pelvic diaphragm.

perineum

The _____________ carpi ulnaris extends and adducts the hand

extensor

Adductor muscles are located on the __________ aspect of the thigh.

medial

Which muscle can plantar flex and flex the knee independently? (pick letter)

C

Contraction of the ______________ intercostals elevates the ribs and increases the dimensions of the thoracic cavity causing inhalation.

intercostals

The inferior ____________ can elevate, abduct and laterally rotate the eyeball.

oblique

This muscle retracts the scapula.

rhomboidus major

identify the muscle labeled E

flexor carpi ulnaris

Identify the muscles that insert onto the arytenoid cartilage. Select all that apply.

• A thyroarytenoid
• B oblique arytenoid
• C posterior cricoarytenoid
• D cricothyroid

• A. thyroarytenoid
• B. oblique arytenoid
• C. posterior cricoarytenoid

the muscles that move the mandible and are all innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal (V) nerve include the medial pterygoid, the lateral pterygoid, the temporalis, and the ________________-

masseter

The hypothenar muscles are innervated by which nerve?

the ulnar nerve

The _____________ brachii inserts at the olecranon of the ulna and has three heads of origin.

triceps

A lateral surgical incision in the abdominal cavity will cut through all of the abdominal muscles except the _______________________

rectus abdominus

The _____________ nerve(s) innervates all plantar muscles.

plantar

_______________ oris is a sphincter muscle that closes and protrudes the lips as if kissing.

Orbicularis

The circular muscles of the pharynx occur in three distinct constrictor muscle bands.

- true

-false

true

If the effort is between the fulcrum and the load it is a _______________ class lever.

third

The biceps femoris is antagonistic to the rectus ______________

femoris

This large flat triangular sheets of muscle extends from the skull and vertebral column medially to the pectoral girdle laterally.

trapezius

_____________ palpebrae superioris acts at the eyelid to open it.

levator

The ______________ digitorum longus dorsiflexes the ankle and points the toes toward the nose.

extensor

Muscles found on the anterior side of the thigh are also known as the _______________

quadriceps femoris

The ____________ tendon, the strongest tendon in the body, is shared by the superficial muscles of the posterior leg compartment.

calcaneal,Achilles

Acting bilaterally this muscle flexes the cervical portion of the vertebral column and flexes the head.

sternocleidomastoid

Fascicles that are attached obliquely from many directions to several tendons are ______________

multipennate

When lifting a weight over the head, this muscle elevates the scapula.

levator scapulae

The omohyoid inserts in the hyoid and originates on the superior border of the ______________

scapula

The oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervates all except

• A superior oblique
• B inferior oblique
• C medial rectus
• D superior rectus

• A superior oblique

The muscle that's the most important muscle for breathing is the diaphragm.

• A True
• B False

• A True

identify the muscle labeled G

gastrocnemius

Extrinsic muscles of the hand are called extrinsic because the originate ____________________ the hand and insert within it

outside

Which muscles insert onto the occipital bone? Select all that apply.

• A longissimus capitis
• B spinalis capitis
• C semispinalis capitis
• D splenius capitis

B. spinalis capitis

C. semispinalis capitis

D. splenius capitis

The deltoid muscle is ________________ to the supraspinatus muscle.

superficial

All muscles of the hand are involved in controlling _____________ movements

precise

Based on the muscle's name, which statement explains the muscle's features?

• A extensor carpi radialis—extends the wrist and arises near the ulna.
• B extensor carpi radialis—flexes the wrist and arises near the ulna.
• C extensor carpi radialis—flexes the wrist and arises near the radius.
• D extensor carpi radialis—extends the wrist and arises near the radius.

D. extensor carpi radialis—extends the wrist and arises near the radius.

The _____________ elevates the mandible as in closing the mouth exclusively (it has no additional actions).

masseter

The ____________ femoris all insert into the tibial tuberosity.

quadriceps

The ______________ minor originates on the cheekbone and inserts into the upper lip.

zygomaticus minor

Muscle "A" is the _____________

thyrohyoid

The ________________________ (2 words) muscle has two origins, flexes the arm at the shoulder joint, and spans the shoulder and elbow joints.

biceps brachii

A toned anterolateral abdomen is obtained by exercising all of the following muscles except

A. transversus abdominis

B. quadratus lumborum

C. obliques

D. rectus abdominis

B. quadratus lumborum

The _______________ originates on the iliac crest and forms the iliotibial tract as it inserts into the tibia.

tensor fasciae latae

The attachment of the muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is referred to as the ______________

the origin

Abducting and rotating the scapula upward allows the upward motion of the arms when doing "jumping jacks". What muscle is involved?

serratus anterior

Muscles arranged in fascicles that act as valves to open and close openings in the body are ______________

circular

Four muscles make up the quadriceps femoris; collectively they _____________ the leg at the knee joint.

extend

All of the following muscles belong to the group of muscles that elevate the hyoid bone during deglutition except

A. omohyoid

B. mylohyoid

C. stylohyoid

D. digastric

A. omohyoid

A torn calcaneal tendon would inhibit which action?

plantar flexion

The ____________ is located at the back of the knee can medially rotate the tibia and unlock it from a flexed position.

popliteus

The end of the muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts is called the ___________

the origin

The most lateral of the hamstring is the ______________________

biceps femoris

Which of the levers is the most common in the body and favors speed?

third-class

The ______________ ______________ muscle performs both hip flexion and knee extension.

rectus femoris

Muscle "D" is the _____________

iliocostalis

Pulling on oars to row a boat ______________ the scapulae

adducts

Known as the "boxer's muscle", this saw-toothed muscle inserts at the vertebral border and inferior angle of the _________________

scapula

The fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons is called the __________

belly

Muscles collectively known as "hamstrings" include

A. all of the choices are correct.

B. semimembranosus.

C. biceps femoris.

D. semitendinosus

A. all of the choices are correct.

Identify the muscle labelled A.

latissimus dorsi

The medial superficial muscle that protects abdominal viscera is the rectus _______________

rectus abdominus

The stance of the catcher in a baseball game is such that the soles of the feet are turned away from each other otherwise known as __________________

eversion

The large, flat, thin, fan-shaped muscle between the ribs and scapula is the _____________________

serratus anterior

The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus both _____________ the thigh at the hip joint.

abducts

Opposition takes place primarily at which joint?

A. carpometacarpal

B. interphalangeal

C. metacarpophalangeal

A. carpometacarpal

All of the following muscles flex the forearm at the elbow except

A. brachioradialis

B. deltoid

C. biceps brachii

D. brachialis

B. deltoid

Muscles of facial expressions generally originate in the fascia and bone of the skull but insert into the ___________

skin

Which area does the lateral pterygoid insert?

B

In second-class lever, the load is between the _____________ and the effort.

fulcrum

Skeletal muscles produce movements by pulling on ___________

bones

When the fulcrum is between the effort and the load it is a ________________ class lever.

first class lever

Which fascicle arrangement contains fibers that are arranged on both sides of a tendon?

bipennate

Which type of fascicle arrangement in a muscle would allow for power but not range of motion?

pennate

Which muscle is labeled "D"?

omohyoid

Which statements describe a function of the pelvic floor? Select all that apply.

A. It supports contents of pelvic viscera.

B. Muscles increase abdominal pressure during exhalation.

C. Muscles tense during defecation to promote expulsion.

D. Muscles can voluntarily contract to retain feces.

A. It supports contents of pelvic viscera.

C. Muscles tense during defecation to promote expulsion.

D. Muscles can voluntarily contract to retain feces.

The ___________ thoracic muscles are the subclavius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior.

anterior

The action of this muscle is to abduct and rotate the scapula, as in horizontal movements of punching and pushing.

serratus anterior

The large flat triangular sheet of muscle extending from the skull and vertebral column medially to the pectoral girdle laterally can rotate, adduct and stabilize the ________________

stabula

A muscle that does not have an attachment on the scapula is the

A. latissimus dorsi

B. pectoralis minor

C. deltoid

D. coracobrachialis

A. latissimus dorsi

Muscle "D" is the _____________

flexor digiti minimi brevis

The muscles of the anterior leg compartment

A. plantar flex the foot.

B. dorsiflex the foot.

C. evert the foot.

D. invert the foot.

B. dorsiflex the foot

The __________________ inserts into the middle and distal phalanges with actions that extend the toes.

extensor digitorm longus

The muscle that exclusively plantar flexes the foot is the _______________

soleus

A basketball player feels a snap in his calf. He continues to play but notices swelling and tenderness. After seeing the doctor, he is told he tore a small tendon that attaches to the heel bone. What was ruptured?

plantaris muscle tendon

If the Achilles tendon is severed, the person would not be able to move the ______________ bone.

calcaneus

The soleus antagonist is the ______________

tibialis anterior

A dissection of the posterior compartment muscles of the leg would find these muscles, in order, from the most superficial to deep.

gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus

The inability to dorsiflex the foot may indicate nerve damage to the __________ _________ nerve.

deep fibular

The posterior scalene muscles elevate the ___________ rib during deep inhalation.

second rib

The compressor urethrae, sphincter urethrovaginalis, and external urethral sphincter are __________________

deep muscles in the female perineum.

The twisting motion at the radioulnar joint when tightening a screw with a screwdriver is the action of this muscle.

supinator

The ____________ nerve innervates all of the posterior muscles of the leg and causes plantar flexion.

tibial

Making a lateral incision into the abdominal wall the first muscle that would be cut is the external ___________

oblique

The gluteal muscles all originate on the ilium.

• true
• false

true

This muscle functions in whistling, blowing, sucking and also assists in chewing.

buccinator

identify the muscle A

sternocleidomastoid

Which muscle is labelled "D"?

flexor digiti minimi brevis

The antagonist of the tibialis anterior is the ____________ __________

tibialis posterior

Named after a flat fish, the ____________ and the gastrocnemius make up the superficial posterior leg muscles.

soleus

Identify the muscle labeled C.

latissimus dorsi

The "six pack" often refers to the fibrous bands separating the _______________ _____________ muscle in the abdomen.

rectus abdominus

Which muscle is labeled "E"?

The omohyoid is lateral to (select all that apply)

A. cricothyroid

B. sternothyroid

C. thyrohyoid membrane

D. sternohyoid

A. cricothyroid

B. sternothyroid

D. sternohyoid

What muscle is labeled "C"?

flexor hallucis brevis

The external urethral sphincter muscle is a _______________ perineal muscle.

deep

Forearm extensor muscles that insert into the ulna but not into the radius include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A. triceps brachii

B. anconeus

C. pronator teres

D. supinator

E. brachialis

A. triceps brachii

B. anconeus

The _____________ nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.

trochlear

The _____________ compartment of the leg contains muscles that dorsiflex the foot.

anterior compartment

This nerve innervates the diaphragm and causes contraction.

phrenic nerve

Which muscle is labelled "A"?

semispinalis capitis

The _______________ flexes and adducts the hand.

flexor carpi ulnaris

What is the combined action of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles?

stabilize the hyoid

Which muscle is labelled "D"?

iliocostalis

The muscles of the anterior neck belonging to the infrahyoid muscles all act to ______________ the hyoid bone.

depress

Identify the muscle labeled C

pectoralis major

All of the following muscles contract to signify "no" except

A. semispinalis capitis

B. sternocleidomastoid

C. splenius capitis

D. spinalis capitis

D. Spinalis capitis

The stance of the catcher in a baseball game is such that the soles of the feet are turned away from each other otherwise known as ___________________

eversion

Protection of the abdominal viscera is due to all of the following muscles except

A. external and internal obliques

B. transversus abdominis

C. serratus anterior

D. rectus abdominis

C. serratus anterior

This muscle aids in moving food from the buccal cavity to the throat by pressing the tongue to the roof of the mouth and pushing the food posterior.

A. digastric

B. mylohyoid

C. masseter

D. stylohyoid

B. mylohyoid

The __________ oblique muscle originates from the ribs 5-12 and inserts on the linea alba.

external oblique muscle

Muscle "B" is the _____________

deltoid

The axial muscles that move the humerus are the _____________ & ________________

pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi

What muscle opens the upper eyelid?

levator palpebrae superioris

Which of the following muscles are NOT intrinsic muscles of the larynx that assist in speech?

omohyoid

_______________ elevates the floor of the mouth

Mylohyoid

Muscle "B" is the ____________________

splenius capitis

Muscles that form the abdominal wall include all except

A. serratus anterior

B. transversus abdominis

C. rectus abdominis

D. external and internal oblique

A. serratus anterior

During forced expiration, these muscles decrease the size of the thoracic cavity.

a. internal intercostals

A torn calcaneal tendon would inhibit which action?

D. plantar flexion

The _____________ muscles of the larynx are associated with the anterior aspects of the neck and move the larynx.

extrinsic

When muscles have flat tendons and fascicles that are aligned along to the longitudinal axis of the muscle, the fascicle arrangement is _______________

parallel

The _______________ tendon, the strongest tendon in the body, is shared by the superficial muscles of the posterior leg compartment.

calcaneal,Achilles

The longissimus _____________ extend the head.

capitis

Muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are collectively known as _______________

extrinsic muscles of the hand

The common tendon for the quadriceps inserts into the patella and then continues to insert into the tibial _____________________

tuberosity

_______________ of the thumb is the most distinctive digital movement of primates.

opposition

Which of the follow muscles of mastication protract the mandible? Select all that apply.

A. medial pterygoid

B. lateral pterygoid

C. temporalis

D. masseter

A. medial pterygoid

B. lateral pterygoid

The superior oblique eye muscle is innervated by the _____________ nerve.

trochlear

Muscle "D" is the _______________

gluteus maximus

Which muscle has its origin on the distal anterior surface of the humerus and the insertion on the ulnar tuberosity?

brachialis

Which muscle is labelled "C"?

longissimus thoracis

a muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a(n)

synergist

When bones act as levers, the ____________ is the fulcrum.

joint

Fascicles arranged on only one side of a tendon are __________________

unipennate

In flexing the forearm at the elbow joint, the weight of hand and the forearm become the _________.

load

Identify the muscle labelled F.

Biceps femoris

muscles that originate and insert within the foot

intrinsic muscles of the foot

The muscles of the hand are specialized for precise and intricate movements, but those of the foot are limited to ________ and __________.

1. support

2. locomotion

The intrinsic muscles of the foot are divided into two groups: _______ or __________ muscles of the foot and ___________ muscles of the foot

1. dorsal or brevis

2. plantar

what are the 2 dorsal muscles of the foot?

1. the extensor hallucis brevis

2. extensor digitorum brevis.

The plantar muscles are arranged in _____ layers

four

The 4 plantar layers of the foot span from the most ____________ layer to the __________ layer

1. the most superficial layer (layer 1)

2. the deepest layer (layer 4)

What is the most superficial layer of the foot?

the plantar fascia

the plantar fascia is made up of __________________

fibrous connective tissue

The muscles of the leg, like those of the thigh, are divided by deep fascia into three compartments: (list them)

1. anterior

2. lateral

3. posterior.

the compartment of the leg that consists of muscles that dorsiflex the foot.

the anterior compartment of the leg

In a situation analogous to the wrist, the tendons of the muscles of the anterior compartment are held firmly to the ankle by thickenings of deep fascia called the _____________________ and inferior extensor retinaculum (cruciate ligament of the ankle).

1. superior extensor retinaculum (transverse ligament of the ankle)

2. inferior extensor retinaculum (cruciate ligament of the ankle)

a long, thick muscle against the lateral surface of the tibia, where it is easy to palpate (feel)

tibialis anterior

a featherlike muscle that is lateral to the tibialis anterior muscle, and it can also be palpated easily.

extensor digitorum longus

a thin muscle between and partly deep to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles

extensor hallicus longus

What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

1. tibialis anterior
2. extensor digitorum longus
3. extensor hallucis longus
4. fibularis (peroneus) tertius

The posterior compartment of the leg consists of muscles in ____________ and _______ groups.

1. superficial

2. deep

The tendon of the soleus, gastrocnemius, and plantaris muscles at the back of the heel.

calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

The superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg share a common tendon of ________, the ___________ tendon, the strongest tendon of the body.

1. insertion

2. calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

The superficial and most of the deep muscles plantar flex the foot at the ____________.

the ankle joint

How many muscles are there in the posterior compartment of the leg?

7

• 4 deep muscles
• 3 superficial muscles

list the 3 superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

1. gastrocnemius
2. soleus
3. plantaris

the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of our legs are also referred to as our "_______" muscles

calf muscles

list the 4 deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

1. popliteus
2. tibialis posterior
3. flexor digitorum longus
4. flexor hallucis longus

the most superficial muscle and forms the prominence of the calf

the gastrocnemius

1. lies deep to the gastrocnemius and is broad and flat
2. derives its name from its resemblance to a flat fish

soleus

1. a small muscle that may be absent
2. on the contrary, sometimes there are two of them in each leg
3. this muscle runs obliquely between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and is often referred to as the freshman's nerve because first-year medical students sometimes confuse its long slender tendon with the tibial nerve during dissection

the plantaris

a triangular muscle that forms the floor of the popliteal fossa.

the popliteus

1. the deepest muscle in the posterior compartment
2. lies between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles

the tibialis anterior

The flexor digitorum longus is __________ than the flexor hallucis longus, even though the former flexes four toes, and the latter flexes only the great toe at the interphalangeal joint.

smaller

what innervates these muscles?

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

_{*these are the 3 muscles in the posterior compartment of leg* (there are 4 in this compartment but we only need to know 3)}

_{the 3 muscles: 1) tibialis anterior 2) extensor hallucis longus 3) extensor digitorm longus}

what is the common action produced by the 3 muscles identified in the images?

dorsiflexion

what is the function of the indicated muscle in all of the images?

1. Inversion

2. dorsiflexion

(Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and inverts (supinates) foot at intertarsal joints)

what is the function of/action produced by this muscle?

1. Dorsiflexion
2. Inversion (of foot)
3. Extends to proximal phalanx of great toe

(Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and extends proximal phalanx of great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint)

what is the function of/action produced by this muscle?

1)Dorsiflexion

2)Evert foot

3)Extends toes

what is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

1) Lateral condyle

2) Body of tibia

3) Interosseous membrane

what is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus?

1) Deep to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

2) Anterior surface of fibula

3) interosseous membrane

what is the origin of the extensor digitorm longus?

1) Lateral condyle of tibia

2) Anterior fibula

3) Interosseous membrane

what is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

1) Medial dorsal surface of the tarsals

2) Metatarsal I

3) first cuneiform

what is the insertion of the extensor digitorm longus?

Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

what is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?

Distal phalanx of great toe

what is the origin of the fibularis (peroneus) longus?

Shaft/head of fibula

what is the origin of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis?

base of metatarsal V

where do the 3 hamstring muscles originate?

the ischial tuberosity

where does the fibularis (peroneus) longus muscle insert?

1) Metatarsal I

&

2) first cuneiform

where does the fibularis (peroneus) brevis muscle insert?

Base of metatarsal 5

what is the function of/action produced by the fibularis (peroneus) longus & brevis muscles?

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and everts foot at intertarsal joints

what innervates the fibularis (peroneus) longus & brevis muscles?

Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

what are the 2 key differences b/t the popliteus & the plantaris?

1) Popliteus is deep and lies under the plantaris and lateral gastrocnemius head

2) No long tendon and doesn’t insert onto the calcaneus

• Smallest and very proximal
• Very close to the knee joint
• Mimics the plantaris a little

popliteus

what is the function of/action produced by the popliteus muscle?

Arthrokinematics movement of the knee joint, but no observable osteokinematics of the knee

• Normally associated with the lateral gastrocnemius head
• Mimics the placement and location of the lateral gastrocnemius head
• Starts at the lateral femur and crosses over to the medial side
  • Has a very long tendon
• Biarticular muscle, but very weak
  • Weak plantar flexor
  • Weak knee flexor

plantaris

what is the function of/action produced by the plantaris muscle?

1) plantar flexes foot @ ankle joint

2) flexes leg @ knee joint

What structures firmly hold the tendons of the anterior compartment muscles to the ankle?

The superior and inferior extensor retinacula firmly hold the tendons of the anterior compartment muscles to the ankle.

what is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

the Lateral and medial condyles of femur

into where do the gastrocnemius & soleus insert?

Calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)

what is the function of/action produced by the gastrocnemius muscle?

1) Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint

2) flexes leg at knee joint

What innervates the gastronemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, and flexor hallicus Longus?

the tibial nerve

what is the origin of the soleus?

1) Head of fibula

2) Medial border of tibia

what is the function of/action produced by the soleus muscle?

Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint

what is the origin of the tibialis posterior?

Tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane

into where does the tibialis posterior insert?

Plantar surface of metatarsals and tarsal bones

what is the function of/action produced by the tibialis posterior muscle?

1) Plantar flexes foot

2) inverts (supinates) foot

what is the origin of the flexor digitorm longus?

the posterior surface of tibia

into where does the flexor digitorm longus insert?

Distal phalanges of toes 2-5

what is the function of/action produced by the flexor digitorm longus muscle?

1) Plantar flexes foot

2) flexes distal and middle phalanges

what is the function of/action produced by the flexor hallucis longus muscle?

1) plantar flexes foot at ankle joint

2) flexes distal phalanx of great toe

_{(flexes proximal & distal phalanx)}

what is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?

the Inferior 2/3 of fibula

into where does the flexor hallicus longus insert?

Distal phalanx of great toe

1) Fascicles _______ to longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate at either end in flat tendons.

2) muscles have fascicles that are arranged in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle. The majority of skeletal muscles in the body have this type of organization.

3) ex: sternohyoid muscle

Parallel

1) Fascicles nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate in flat tendons; muscle tapers toward tendons, where diameter is less than at belly.

2) ex: digastric muscle

3) parallel muscles that have a larger central region called a muscle belly tapering to tendons on each end.

d

Fusiform

1) Fascicles in concentric circular arrangements form sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice (opening).

2) orbicularis oculi muscles

3) muscles that are also called sphincters --> When they relax, the sphincters’ concentrically arranged bundles of muscle fibers increase the size of the opening, and when they contract, the size of the opening shrinks to the point of closure

Circular

1) Fascicles spread over broad area converge at thick central tendon; gives muscle a __________ appearance.

2) ex: pectoralis major muscle

triangular

Short fascicles in relation to total muscle length; tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle

(type of muscle)

pennate (shaped) muscle(s)

1) Fascicles are arranged on only one side of tendon.

2) Example: Extensor digitorum longus muscle

Unipennate

1) Fascicles are arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons.

2) Example: Rectus femoris muscle

Bipennate

1) Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons.

2) ex: deltoid muscle

Multipennate

the ___________ the fibers in a muscle, the greater range of motion it can produce

longer

the power of a muscle depends not on length but on its total ________________