front 1 Components of masticatory function. (3) | back 1
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front 2 Components the of masticatory system. (3) | back 2
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front 3 The static relationship between the incising or masticating surfaces of the maxillary or mandibular teeth or tooth analogues. | back 3 occlusion |
front 4 Types of occlusion. (2) | back 4
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front 5 Aspects of static occlusion. (3) | back 5
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front 6 The complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth independent of condylar position, sometimes referred to as the best fit of the teeth regardless of the condylar position. | back 6 maximum intercuspal position (MICP) |
front 7 The occlusion of opposing teeth when the mandible is in centric relation; this may or may not coincide with the maximal intercuspal position. | back 7 centric occlusion (CO) |
front 8 A maxillomandibular relationship, independent of tooth contact, in which the condyles articulate in the anterior-superior position against the posterior slopes of the articular eminences. | back 8 centric relation (CR) |
front 9 Three ways to define centric relation. | back 9
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front 10 Anatomical definition of CR. | back 10 The position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla with intra-articular disc in place, in which the head of the condyle is against the most superior part of the distal facing incline of the glenoid fossa. |
front 11 Conceptual definition of CR. | back 11 The position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla with intra-articular disc in place, in which the muscles that support the mandible are at their most relaxed and less strained position. |
front 12 Geometric definition of CR. | back 12 The position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla with intra-articular disc in place, in which the head of the condyle is in terminal hinge axis. |
front 13 Two types of movement occur in the TMJ. | back 13 ![]()
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front 14 The axis about which movement occurs when the condyles are in their most superior position in the articular fossae and the mouth is purely rotated open. | back 14 ![]() terminal hinge axis |
front 15 Clinical significance of CR. | back 15 It is a reproducible position of the mandible relative to the maxilla, independent of tooth surfaces or occlusion; even completely edentulous patients still have a centric relation. |
front 16 Aspects of dynamic occlusion. (3) | back 16
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front 17 Provides posterior guidance of the mandible. | back 17 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) |
front 18 Determine the pathway of mandibular movement. (3) | back 18
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front 19 The angle at which the condyle moves away from a horizontal reference plane. | back 19 condylar guidance angle |
front 20 Condylar guidance is naturally a (...) factor. | back 20 fixed |
front 21 Provides anterior guidance of the mandible. | back 21 teeth |
front 22 In eccentric movements, the mandibular (...) occlude with the (...) of the maxillary anterior teeth. | back 22 incisal edges; lingual surfaces |
front 23 Anterior guidance is naturally a (...) factor. | back 23 variable |
front 24 Dynamic occlusion that occurs on the canines during a lateral excursion of the mandible. | back 24 canine guidance |
front 25 When canine guidance is the only dynamic occlusal contact during excursive movement. | back 25 canine protected occlusion |
front 26 When contacts are shared between several teeth on the working side during a lateral excursion. | back 26 group function |
front 27 Any tooth contact that inhibits the remaining occluding surfaces from achieving stable and harmonious contacts. | back 27 occlusal interference |
front 28 Occlusal interference is always problematic. True or false? | back 28 False; it may be considered as potentially damaging in some subjects, but others may adapt to it. |
front 29 The side of mandible towards which the mandible is moving during a lateral excursion. | back 29 working side |
front 30 The side of mandible away from which the mandible is moving during a lateral excursion. | back 30 non-working side |
front 31 Any heavy or early occlusal contact of the teeth on the same side side as the direction of laterotrusion of the mandible. | back 31 working side interference |
front 32 Any heavy or early occlusal contact of the teeth on the opposite side as the direction of laterotrusion of the mandible. | back 32 non-working side interference |
front 33 When are non-working side contacts are desirable? | back 33 With removable complete dentures when establishing bilateral balanced articulation. |
front 34 How does the position of a tooth in the mouth affect its likelihood of causing occlusal interference? | back 34 Since posterior teeth are closer to the TMJ, they are more likely to cause interference; anterior teeth are further from the TMJ, and are less likely to cause interference. |
front 35 Anterior controlling factors on back teeth, while still providing anterior guidance, is described as a (...) because it may interfere with the posterior guidance system of the mandible. | back 35 posterior interference |
front 36 Components of ideal occlusion. (3) | back 36
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front 37 Two joint systems of the TMJ. | back 37 ![]()
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front 38 The superior joint system of the TMJ is responsible for (...) movement of the mandible. | back 38 ![]() translational |
front 39 The inferior joint system of the TMJ is responsible for (...) movement of the mandible. | back 39 ![]() rotational |
front 40 In normal functional movement of the condyle and disc during the full range of opening and closing, the disc is rotated (...) on the condyle as the condyle is translated out of the fossa. | back 40 ![]() posteriorly |
front 41 ![]() | back 41 ![]() |
front 42 Three major skeletal components of the masticatory system. | back 42 ![]()
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front 43 The maxilla is develops as two bones fused at the (...). | back 43 ![]() midpalatal suture |
front 44 Superiorly, the maxilla forms the (...). | back 44 floor of the nasal cavity and orbits |
front 45 Inferiorly, the maxilla forms the (...). | back 45 palate and alveolar ridges |
front 46 The ascending ramus of the mandible extends upward to form the (...) and the (...). | back 46 ![]() coronoid proccess; condyle |
front 47 In an anterior view of the condyle, the (...) pole is more prominent than the (...) pole. | back 47 ![]() medial; lateral |
front 48 In an inferior view of the mandible, the condyle seem to be slightly rotated so that if an imaginary line were drawn through the lateral and medial poles it would extend (...) toward the anterior border of the (...). | back 48 ![]() medially and posteriorly; foramen magnum |
front 49 The articular surface on the (...) aspect of the condyle is greater than on the (...) aspect. | back 49 ![]() posterior; anterior |
front 50 The articulating surface of the condyle is quite convex (...) and only slightly convex (...). | back 50 ![]() anteroposteriorly; mediolaterally |
front 51 The posterior roof of the (...) is quite thin, indicating that this area of the temporal bone is not designed to sustain heavy forces. | back 51 ![]() mandibular fossa |
front 52 Posterior to the mandibular fossa is the (...), which extends mediolaterally. | back 52 ![]() squamotympanic fissure |
front 53 Immediately anterior to the mandibular fossa is a convex bony prominence called the (...), which consists of thick dense bone and is more likely to tolerate such forces. | back 53 ![]() articular eminence |
front 54 A vital function to ensure ingested food is broken down and prepared for digestion. | back 54 mastication |
front 55 Primary muscles of mastication. (4) | back 55
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front 56 Medial and lateral pterygoids lie in the (...) fossa. | back 56 infratemporal |
front 57 The temporalis muscle is situated in the (...) fossa. | back 57 temporal |
front 58 Five movements of the mandible. | back 58
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front 59 All muscles of mastication are innervated by motor fibers of the (...), while the main arterial supply is derived from branches of the (...). | back 59 mandibular nerve (V3); maxillary artery |
front 60 A rectangular muscle that originates from the zygomatic arch and extends downward to the lateral aspect of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible. | back 60 ![]() masseter |
front 61 The masseter is made up of two portions or heads: the superficial portion consists of fibers that run (...); the deep portion consists of fibers that run in a predominantly (...) direction. | back 61 ![]() downward and backward; vertical |
front 62 Function of the masseter. | back 62 ![]() elevation and protrusion of the mandible |
front 63 Innervation of the masseter. | back 63 ![]() masseteric branch of the mandibular nerve |
front 64 Blood supply of the masseter. | back 64 ![]() masseteric artery |
front 65 The (...) provokes elevation of the mandible in response to a tap on the jaw; a pathological response indicates (...). | back 65 masseteric (jaw jerk) reflex; lesion of the trigeminal nerve |
front 66 Infections and submasseteric abscesses of odontogenic origin are often confused with (...), and may cause (...). | back 66 parotid gland infections; trismus |
front 67 The (...) is a large, fan-shaped muscle that originates from the temporal fossa and the lateral surface of the skull, forming a tendon that inserts on the coronoid process and anterior border of the ascending ramus. | back 67 ![]() temporalis |
front 68 The anterior portion of the temporalis consists of fibers that are directed almost (...). | back 68 ![]() vertically |
front 69 The middle portion of the temporalis contains fibers that run (...) across the lateral aspect of the skull. | back 69 ![]() obliquely |
front 70 The posterior portion of the temporalis consists of fibers that are aligned almost (...). | back 70 ![]() horizontally |
front 71 Function of the temporalis. | back 71 ![]() elevation and retrusion of the mandible |
front 72 Innervation of the temporalis. | back 72 ![]() deep temporal nerve from the mandibular nerve |
front 73 Blood supply of the temporalis. | back 73 ![]() anterior, posterior, and superficial temporal arteries |
front 74 Pain in the temporalis can be caused by excessive tension (e.g. bruxism, prolonged opening), but it is important to rule out (...). | back 74 vasculitides (e.g. giant cell arteritis) |
front 75 The (...) originates from the pterygoid fossa and extends downward, backward, and outward to insert along the medial surface of the mandibular angle. | back 75 ![]() medial pterygoid |
front 76 The deep head of the medial pterygoid is larger than its superficial head, which are separated by the (...) at their origin. | back 76 ![]() inferior head of lateral pterygoid muscle |
front 77 Function of the medial pterygoid. | back 77 ![]() elevation and protrusion of the mandible |
front 78 Innervation of the medial pterygoid. | back 78 ![]() medial pterygoid branches of mandibular nerve |
front 79 Blood supply of the medial pterygoid. | back 79 ![]() pterygoid and buccal branches of maxillary artery |
front 80 The medial pterygoid can be injured during (...), resulting in inability to open the mouth or pain when opening beyond the restriction. | back 80 inferior alveolar nerve block |
front 81 The (...) originates at the outer surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and extends backward, upward, and outward to its insertion primarily on the neck of the condyle. | back 81 ![]() inferior lateral pterygoid |
front 82 Function of the inferior lateral pterygoid. | back 82 ![]() protrusion and lateral movement of the mandible |
front 83 Innervation of the inferior lateral pterygoid. | back 83 ![]() pterygoid branch of the trigeminal nerve |
front 84 Blood supply of the inferior lateral pterygoid. | back 84 ![]() pterygoid branch of the maxillary artery |
front 85 The (...) originates at the infratemporal surface of the greater sphenoid wing, extending almost horizontally, backward, and outward to insert on the articular capsule, the disc, and the neck of the condyle. | back 85 ![]() superior lateral pterygoid |
front 86 Function of the superior lateral pterygoid. | back 86 ![]() stabilizes the condyle and disc |
front 87 Innervation of the superior lateral pterygoid. | back 87 ![]() pterygoid branch of the trigeminal nerve |
front 88 Blood supply of the superior lateral pterygoid. | back 88 ![]() pterygoid branch of the maxillary artery |
front 89 While the (...) lateral pterygoid is active during opening, the (...) remains inactive, becoming active only in conjunction with the elevator muscles. | back 89 inferior; superior |
front 90 Muscles that function in elevation of the mandible. | back 90
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front 91 Muscles that function in protrusion of the mandible. | back 91
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front 92 Muscles that function in retrusion of the mandible. | back 92 temporalis |
front 93 Accessory muscles directly associated with mandibular function. (8) | back 93 ![]()
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front 94 Accessory muscles indirectly associated with mandibular function. (4) | back 94 ![]()
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front 95 Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. | back 95
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front 96 Intrinsic muscles of the tongue. (4) | back 96
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front 97 Six types of synovial joints. | back 97
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front 98 Example of an arthrodial (gliding) joint. | back 98 ![]() intercarpal joints |
front 99 Example of a ginglymoid (hinge) joint. | back 99 ![]() humeroulnar joint |
front 100 Example of a trochoid (pivot) joint | back 100 ![]() radioulnar joint |
front 101 Example of a spheroid (ball-and-socket) joint. | back 101 ![]() acetabulofemoral joint |
front 102 Example of a modified ellipsoidal (saddle) joint. | back 102 ![]() carpometacarpal joint |
front 103 Example of an ellipsoidal (condyloid) joint. | back 103 ![]() radiocarpal joint |
front 104 What type of joint is the TMJ? | back 104 ginglymoarthrodial joint |
front 105 The TMJ, made up of only two bones, is classified as a compound joint, which by definition requires the presence of at least three bones; this is because functionally, the (...) serves as a nonossified bone that permits the complex movements of the joint. | back 105 articular disc |
front 106 The articular disc is composed of (...), for the most part devoid of any blood vessels or nerve fibers; the (...) of the disc, however, is slightly innervated. | back 106 dense fibrous connective tissue; extreme periphery |
front 107 In the sagittal plane, the articular disc can be divided into three regions according to thickness; the (...) is approximately 1 mm, the (...) is approximately 2 mm, and the (...) is approximately 3 mm. | back 107 ![]()
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front 108 From an anterior view, the articular disc is generally thicker (...) than (...), which corresponds to the increased space between the condyle and the articular fossa. | back 108 ![]() medially; laterally |
front 109 The articular disc is attached posteriorly to a region of loose connective tissue that is highly vascularized and innervated, known as the (...) or posterior attachment. | back 109 retrodiscal tissue |
front 110 Superiorly, the retrodiscal tissue is bordered by the (...), which contains (...), and attaches the articular disc posteriorly to the (...). | back 110 ![]() superior retrodiscal lamina; elastic fibers; tympanic plate |
front 111 Inferiorly, the retrodiscal tissue is bordered by the (...), which contains (...), and attaches the articular disc posteriorly to the (...). | back 111 ![]() inferior retrodiscal lamina; collagenous fibers; articular surface of the condyle |
front 112 The remaining body of the retrodiscal tissue is attached posteriorly to a large (...), which fills with blood as the condyle moves forward. | back 112 ![]() venous plexus |
front 113 The superior and inferior attachments of the anterior region of the articular disc are to the (...), which surrounds most of the joint. | back 113 ![]() capsular ligament |
front 114 The superior anterior attachment of the articular disc is to the anterior margin of the articular surface of the (...). | back 114 ![]() temporal bone |
front 115 The inferior anterior attachment of the articular disc is to the anterior margin of the articular surface of the (...). | back 115 ![]() condyle |
front 116 Anteriorly, between the attachments of the capsular ligament the articular disc is also attached by tendinous fibers to the (...) muscle. | back 116 ![]() superior lateral pterygoid |
front 117 Articular disc is attached to the (...) medially and laterally, which divides the joint into two distinct cavities. | back 117 ![]() capsular ligament |
front 118 The (...) is bordered by the mandibular fossa and the superior surface of the articular disc. | back 118 ![]() upper or superior cavity |
front 119 The (...) is bordered by the mandibular condyle and the inferior surface of the articular disc. | back 119 ![]() lower or inferior cavity |
front 120 The internal surfaces of the superior and inferior joint cavities are surrounded by specialized (...) cells that form a (...). | back 120 endothelial; synovial lining |
front 121 The synovial lining, along with a specialized (...) located at the anterior border of the retrodiscal tissues, produces (...). | back 121 synovial fringe; synovial fluid |
front 122 A fibrous membrane that surrounds the joint and attaches to the articular eminence, the articular disc, and the neck of the mandibular condyle. | back 122 ![]() synovial (articular) capsule |
front 123 A thin membrane of joints comprised of smooth connective tissue and that secretes synovial fluid. | back 123 ![]() synovial membrane |
front 124 A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints that reduces friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. | back 124 ![]() synovial fluid |
front 125 A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found covering the surfaces of articulating bones, and in other parts of the body such as the outer ear and larynx. | back 125 ![]() articular cartilage |
front 126 The synovial capsule is fibrous and continuous with the (...), surrounding the synovial joint and uniting the articulating bones. | back 126 ![]() periosteum of articulating bones |
front 127 The synovial capsule consists of an outer (...) that may contain ligaments, and an inner (...) that secretes the synovial fluid. | back 127 ![]() fibrous membrane; synovial membrane |
front 128 The synovial membrane lines the inner side of the capsule and articular disc, but not the (...). | back 128 articulating surfaces |
front 129 The synovial membrane consists of an outer (...), which blends with the fibrous layers of the capsule, and an inner (...), which faces the joint cavity. | back 129 ![]() vascular subintima; cellular intima |
front 130 Functions of synovial fluid. (2) | back 130
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front 131 Type of lubrication that occurs when the joint is moved and the synovial fluid is forced from one area of the cavity into another. | back 131 ![]() boundary lubrication |
front 132 Type of lubrication that occurs when forces drive a small amount of synovial fluid in and out of the articular tissues. | back 132 ![]() weeping lubrication |
front 133 Primary mechanism of synovial fluid joint lubrication. | back 133 boundary lubrication |
front 134 Primary mechanism of synovial fluid metabolic exchange. | back 134 weeping lubrication |
front 135 The articular cartilage of the TMJ is set up very differently from typical articular cartilage because the mandible and TMJ form from (...) rather than from (...). | back 135 intermembranous ossification; endochondral ossification |
front 136 Because the mandible and TMJ form from intermembranous ossification, the articular fibrocartilage of the TMJ keeps its (...) buried deep within it, unlike typical articular cartilage. | back 136 chondroprogenitor cells |
front 137 The four distinct layers or zones of articular cartilage. | back 137 ![]()
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front 138 The zone of articular cartilage found adjacent to the joint cavity, made of dense fibrous connective tissue rather than hyaline cartilage like in other most other synovial joints. | back 138 ![]() articular zone |
front 139 The zone of articular cartilage responsible for the proliferation of articular cartilage in response the functional demands placed on the articular surfaces during loading. | back 139 ![]() proliferative zone |
front 140 The zone of articular cartilage composed of collagen fibrils arranged in a crossing pattern, providing a three-dimensional network that offers resistance against compressive and lateral forces. | back 140 ![]() fibrocartilaginous zone |
front 141 The zone of articular cartilage found deepest from the joint cavity, made up of chondrocytes and chondroblasts distributed throughout the articular cartilage. | back 141 ![]() calcified cartilage zone |
front 142 The predominant vessels supplying the TMJ. (3) | back 142
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front 143 Other important arteries supplying the TMJ. (3) | back 143
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front 144 Vascularization to the TMJ is (...) in nature only; within the capsule is supplied through (...). | back 144 superficial; synovial fluid |
front 145 Most innervation of the TMJ. | back 145 auriculotemporal nerve |
front 146 Provide proprioception from the TMJ. (4) | back 146
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front 147 Do not enter actively into joint function but instead act as passive restraining devices to limit and restrict border movements. | back 147 ligaments |
front 148 Ligaments are made up of (...) that do not stretch. However, if extensive forces are applied to a ligament, it can become (...). | back 148 collagenous connective tissues fibers; elongated |
front 149 Functional ligaments of the TMJ. (3) | back 149
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front 150 Accessory ligaments of the TMJ. (2) | back 150
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front 151 The (...) attach the medial and lateral borders of the articular disc to the poles of the condyle. | back 151 ![]() collateral (discal) ligaments |
front 152 The medial discal ligament attaches the medial edge of the disc to the (...). | back 152 ![]() medial pole of the condyle |
front 153 The lateral discal ligament attaches the lateral edge of the disc to the (...). | back 153 ![]() lateral pole of the condyle |
front 154 The collateral (discal) ligaments are responsible for dividing the joint mediolaterally into the (...). | back 154 ![]() superior and inferior joint cavities |
front 155 The discal ligaments have a (...) supply and are (...). Strain on these ligaments produces pain. | back 155 vascular; innervated |
front 156 The discal ligaments function to restrict (...), which is enables the (...) movement of the TMJ. | back 156 movement of the disc away from the condyle; hinging |
front 157 The entire TMJ is surrounded and encompassed by the (...). | back 157 capsular ligament |
front 158 The fibers of the capsular ligament are attached superiorly to the (...) and inferiorly to the (...). | back 158 ![]() temporal bone; neck of the condyle |
front 159 The capsular ligament acts to resist any medial, lateral, or inferior forces that tend to (...). | back 159 ![]() separate or dislocate the articular surfaces |
front 160 A significant function of the capsular ligament is to encompass the joint, thus retaining the (...). | back 160 ![]() synovial fluid |
front 161 The capsular ligament is well innervated and provides (...) feedback regarding position and movement of the joint. | back 161 ![]() proprioceptive |
front 162 The lateral aspect of the capsular ligament is reinforced by strong, tight fibers that make up the (...). | back 162 ![]() temporomandibular ligament |
front 163 The temporomandibular ligament is composed of two parts, an outer (...) and an inner (...). | back 163 ![]() oblique portion; horizontal portion |
front 164 The outer oblique portion of the TML extends from the outer surface of the (...) posteroinferiorly to the outer surface of the (...). | back 164 ![]() articular tubercle and zygomatic process; condylar neck |
front 165 The inner horizontal portion of the TML extends from the outer surface of the (...) posteriorly and horizontally to the (...). | back 165 ![]() articular tubercle and zygomatic process; lateral pole of the condyle and posterior part of the articular disc |
front 166 The oblique portion of the TM ligament resists excessive (...). | back 166 ![]() dropping of the condyle |
front 167 The outer oblique portion of the TM ligament, which limits rotational opening, is unqiue because it is (...). | back 167 found only in humans |
front 168 The inner horizontal portion of the TM ligament limits (...). | back 168 posterior movement of the condyle and disc |
front 169 The inner horizontal portion of the TM ligament also protects the (...) muscle from overlengthening or extension. | back 169 lateral pterygoid |
front 170 The effectiveness of the inner horizontal portion of the TM ligament is demonstrated during cases of extreme trauma to the mandible, in which the (...) will be seen to fracture before the (...) are severed or the condyle enters the (...). | back 170 neck of the condyle; retrodiscal tissues; middle cranial fossa |
front 171 Arises from the spine of the sphenoid bone and extends downward to lingula on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible. | back 171 ![]() sphenomandibular ligament |
front 172 Arises from the styloid process and extends downward and forward to the angle and posterior border of the ramus of the mandible. | back 172 ![]() stylomandibular ligament |
front 173 The stylomandibular ligament becomes taut when the mandible is (...), but is most relaxed when the mandible is (...). | back 173 ![]() protruded; opened |
front 174 The major opposing forces that influence tooth position originate from the (...). | back 174 ![]() surrounding musculature |
front 175 Labial to the teeth are the lips and cheeks, which provide relatively light but constant (...) directed forces. | back 175 ![]() lingually |
front 176 On the opposite side of the dental arches is the tongue, which provides (...) directed forces to the lingual surface of the teeth. | back 176 ![]() labially and buccally |
front 177 The tooth position in the oral cavity where the labiolingual and buccolingual forces are equal. | back 177 neutral position or space |
front 178 Occurs when there is inadequate space for the tooth within the dental arch and the tooth remains outside the normal arch form. | back 178 tooth size-arch length discrepancy (TSALD) |
front 179 Formula for space analysis. | back 179 TSALD = Space Available (SA) –Space Required (SR) |
front 180 Occurs when the tongue is unusually active or large, resulting in greater forces applied lingually than labially to the teeth. | back 180 ![]() anterior openbite |
front 181 In the case of anterior open bite, the neutral space is not lost but is merely (...). | back 181 displaced to the labial |
front 182 ![]() The forces applied by the tongue when this patient swallows are responsible for the labial displacement or flaring of the anterior teeth. True or false? | back 182 Recent evidence does not substantiate this concept; it is more likely that the anterior teeth are displaced labially by the constant resting position of the tongue, and the tongue is thrust forward during swallowing in an attempt to seal the mouth. |
front 183 Forces not directly derived from the oral musculature but associated with (...) can also influence tooth position. | back 183 oral habits (e.g. musical instruments) |
front 184 (...) between adjacent teeth helps maintain the teeth in normal alignment. | back 184 proximal contact |
front 185 A functional response of the alveolar bone and the gingival fibers surrounding the teeth appears to result in a (...) drifting of the teeth. | back 185 mesial |
front 186 Mesial drifting of teeth helps maintain (...) between adjacent teeth and thus stabilizes the arch. | back 186 contact |
front 187 (...) prevents the extrusion or supereruption of teeth, maintaining arch stability. | back 187 occlusal contact |
front 188 Roth's (1979) five fundamental aspects of functional occlusion for completion of orthodontic treatment. | back 188
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front 189 When the occlusal surface of a tooth is lost or altered, periodontal supportive structures will allow (...). | back 189 shifting of the tooth |
front 190 Unopposed teeth are likely to (...) until occlusal contact is established. | back 190 supererupt |
front 191 With loss of the mandibular first molar, the mandibular second and third molars tip (...), the mandibular second premolar moves (...), and the opposing maxillary first molar is (...). | back 191 ![]() mesially; distally; supererupted |
front 192 Refers to the relationship of the teeth to each other within the dental arch. | back 192 intraarch tooth alignment |
front 193 The plane that would be established if a line were drawn through all the buccal cusp tips and incisal edges of the mandibular teeth, then broadened to include the lingual cusp tips and continuing across the arch to include the opposite side buccal and lingual cups tips. | back 193 plane of occlusion |
front 194 The occlusal planes of the dental arches are (...) in a manner that permits maximum utilization of tooth contacts during function. | back 194 curved |
front 195 When examining the arches from the lateral view, the (...) axial relationship can be seen. | back 195 mesiodistal |
front 196 In a lateral view of the mandibular arch, both the anterior and the posterior teeth are (...) inclined. | back 196 ![]() mesially |
front 197 In a lateral view of the maxillary arch, the anterior teeth are generally (...) inclined, with the most posterior molars being (...) inclined. | back 197 ![]() mesially; distally |
front 198 If an imaginary line is drawn through the buccal cusp tips of the posterior teeth, a curved line following the plane of occlusion will be established that is convex for the maxillary arch and concave for the mandibular arch, called the (...). | back 198 ![]() curve of Spee |
front 199 When observing the dental arches from the frontal view, the (...) axial relationship can be seen. | back 199 buccolingual |
front 200 In a frontal view of the maxillary arch, the posterior teeth generally have a slightly (...) inclination. | back 200 ![]() buccal |
front 201 In a frontal view of the mandibular arch, the posterior teeth generally have a slightly (...) inclination. | back 201 ![]() lingual |
front 202 If an imaginary line is drawn through the buccal and lingual cusp tips of both the right and the left posterior teeth, a curved plane of occlusion will be observed that is convex in the maxillary arch and concave in the mandibular arch, called the (...). | back 202 ![]() curve of Wilson |
front 203 The area of the tooth between the buccal and lingual cusp tips of the posterior teeth. | back 203 occlusal table |
front 204 The occlusal table represents approximately (...)% of the total buccolingual dimension of the posterior tooth and is positioned over the long axis of the root structure. | back 204 ![]() 50% to 60% |
front 205 The occlusal table is considered the (...) of the tooth, since it falls between the cusp tips, while the the occlusal area outside the cusp tips is called the (...). | back 205 inner aspect; outer aspects |
front 206 The surfaces of the inner aspects that extend from the cusp tips to the central fossa areas. | back 206 ![]() inner inclines |
front 207 The surfaces of the outer aspects that extend from the cusp tips to the height of the contour. | back 207 ![]() outer inclines |
front 208 The surfaces of the cusp that face the mesial portion of the tooth. | back 208 ![]() mesial inclines |
front 209 The surfaces of the cusp that face the distal portion of the tooth. | back 209 ![]() distal inclines |
front 210 Refers to the relationship of the teeth in one arch to those in the other. | back 210 interarch tooth alignment |
front 211 When the two arches come into contact, as in mandibular closure, the (...) of the teeth is established. | back 211 occlusal relationship |
front 212 The distance of a line that begins at the distal surface of the third molar extends mesially through all of the proximal contact areas around the entire arch, and ends at the distal surface of the opposite third molar. | back 212 arch length |
front 213 Both arches have approximately the same length, with maxillary arch being (...) mm and mandibular arch (...) mm. | back 213 128 mm; 126 mm |
front 214 This slight difference between the maxillary and mandibular arch lengths is a result of the (...). | back 214 narrower mesiodistal distance of the mandibular incisors compared to the maxillary incisors |
front 215 The distance across the arch. | back 215 arch width |
front 216 The width of the mandibular arch is slightly (...) than that of the maxillary arch; thus when the arches occlude, each maxillary tooth is more (...) positioned than the occluding mandibular tooth. | back 216 less; facially |
front 217 The (...) cusps of the mandibular posterior teeth and the (...) cusps of the maxillary posterior teeth occlude with the opposing central fossa areas. | back 217 buccal; lingual |
front 218 The buccal cusps of the mandibular posterior teeth and the lingual cusps of the maxillary posterior teeth are called the (...). | back 218 supporting cusps or centric cusps |
front 219 The centric cusps are primarily responsible for maintaining the distance between the maxilla and mandible, called the (...). | back 219 vertical dimension of occlusion |
front 220 Centric cusps also play a major role in (...) since contact occurs on both the inner and the outer aspect of the cusps. | back 220 mastication |
front 221 The centric cusps are broad and rounded, and when viewed from the occlusal, their tips are located approximately (...) the distance into the total buccolingual width of the tooth. | back 221 ![]() one-third |
front 222 The buccal cusps of the maxillary posterior teeth and the lingual cusps of the mandibular posterior teeth are called the (...). | back 222 guiding or noncentric cusps |
front 223 The major role of the noncentric cusps is to minimize (...), and to maintain the (...) for mastication. | back 223 tissue impingement; bolus of food on the occlusal table |
front 224 The noncentric cusps are relatively sharp, with definite tips that are located approximately (...) the distance into the total buccolingual width of the tooth. | back 224 one-sixth |
front 225 The small (about 1 mm) area located on the inner incline of the noncentric cusps near the central fossa of the tooth that contacts a small portion of the outer aspect of the opposing centric cusp. | back 225 ![]() functional outer aspect |
front 226 Since this functional outer aspect assists in the shearing of food during mastication, the noncentric cusps have also been called (...). | back 226 shearing cusps |
front 227 If the mandible moves laterally from the intercuspal position, the noncentric contact will contact and guide it, therefore the noncentric cusps are also appropriately referred to as (...). | back 227 guiding cusps |
front 228 In a normal buccolingual arch relationship, the mandibular (...) cusps occlude in the central fossae of the maxillary teeth and the maxillary (...) cusps occlude in the central fossae of the mandibular teeth. | back 228 ![]() buccal; lingual |
front 229 In posterior cross-bite, the mandibular (...) cusps occlude in the central fossae of the maxillary teeth and the maxillary (...) cusps occlude in the central fossae of the mandibular teeth. | back 229 ![]() lingual; buccal |
front 230 An imaginary line extending through the buccal cusp tips of the mandibular posterior teeth. | back 230 ![]() buccoocclusal (B-O) line |
front 231 An imaginary line extending through the lingual cusps of the maxillary posterior teeth. | back 231 ![]() linguo-occlusal (L-O) line |
front 232 An imaginary line extending through the central developmental grooves of the maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth. | back 232 ![]() central fossa (C-F) line |
front 233 The (...) line of the mandibular teeth occludes in the (...) line of the maxillary teeth. | back 233 ![]() buccoocclusal; central fossa |
front 234 The (...) line of the maxillary teeth occludes in the (...) line of the mandibular teeth. | back 234 ![]() linguo-occlusal; central fossa |
front 235 The proximal contact areas between posterior teeth are generally located (...) to the central fossa line. | back 235 ![]() buccal |
front 236 The buccal location of the proximal contact on posterior teeth allows for a greater (...) embrasure area and a smaller (...) embrasure. | back 236 ![]() lingual; buccal |
front 237 Viewed from the facial, centric cusps typically contact in one of two areas: (1) the (...) areas and (2) the (...) areas. | back 237 ![]() central fossa; marginal ridge and embrasure |
front 238 When the normal interarch tooth relationship is viewed from the lateral, it can be seen that each tooth occludes with (...) opposing teeth, except for the (...), which occlude with (...). | back 238 two; mandibular central incisors and maxillary third molars; one |
front 239 Each mandibular posterior tooth is situated slightly (...) to its maxillary counterpart. | back 239 ![]() lingual and mesial |
front 240 Any given tooth is found to occlude with its (...) in the opposing arch plus (...). | back 240 namesake; an adjacent tooth |
front 241 Some centric cusps occlude in the embrasures between opposing teeth, causing (...) contacts surrounding the cusp tip. | back 241 ![]() two |
front 242 Some centric cusps occlude in an embrasure area and contact only (...) opposing marginal ridge. | back 242 ![]() one |
front 243 The relationship between the mandibular first molar and maxillary first molar is referred to as its (...). | back 243 Angle classification |
front 244 The (...) molar relationship is the most common found in the natural dentition. | back 244 class I |
front 245 In an Angle Class I molar relationship, the mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molar occludes in the (...). | back 245 ![]() embrasure between the maxillary second premolar and first molar |
front 246 In an Angle Class I molar relationship, the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is aligned directly over the (...). | back 246 ![]() buccal groove of the mandibular first molar |
front 247 In an Angle Class I molar relationship, the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar is situated in the (...). | back 247 ![]() central fossa area of the mandibular first molar |
front 248 In an Angle Class II molar relationship, the mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molar occludes in the (...). | back 248 ![]() central fossa area of the maxillary first molar |
front 249 In an Angle Class II molar relationship, the mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molar is aligned with the (...). | back 249 ![]() buccal groove of the maxillary first molar |
front 250 In an Angle Class II molar relationship, the distolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in the (...). | back 250 ![]() central fossa area of the mandibular first molar |
front 251 When compared to the Class I relationship, each occlusal contact pair in Class II is situated to the (...) by approximately the (...). | back 251 ![]() distal; mesiodistal width of a premolar |
front 252 In an Angle Class III molar relationship, the distobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molar is situated in the (...). | back 252 ![]() embrasure between the maxillary second premolar and first molar |
front 253 In an Angle Class III molar relationship, the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is situated over the (...). | back 253 ![]() embrasure between the mandibular first and second molar |
front 254 In an Angle Class III molar relationship, the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar is situated in the (...). | back 254 ![]() mesial pit of the mandibular second molar |
front 255 When compared to the Class I relationship, each occlusal contact pair in Class III is situated to the (...) by approximately the (...). | back 255 ![]() mesial; mesiodistal width of a premolar |
front 256 Like the maxillary posterior teeth, the maxillary anterior teeth are normally positioned (...) to the mandibular anterior teeth. | back 256 labial |
front 257 Unlike the posterior teeth, both maxillary and mandibular anteriors are inclined to the (...) by (...)° degrees from a vertical reference line. | back 257 labial; 12 to 28° |
front 258 The normal occlusal relationship will find the (...) of the mandibular incisors contacting the (...) of the maxillary incisors. | back 258 incisal edges; lingual surfaces |
front 259 Incisal contacts commonly occur in the lingual fossae of the maxillary incisors approximately (...) mm gingival to the incisal edges. | back 259 4 mm |
front 260 When viewed from the labial, (...) mm of the mandibular anterior teeth is hidden by the maxillary anterior teeth. | back 260 ![]() 3 to 5 mm |
front 261 The distance between the labial incisal edge of the maxillary incisor and the labial surface of the mandibular incisor in the intercuspal position. | back 261 ![]() horizontal overlap (sometimes called overjet) |
front 262 The distance between the incisal edges of the opposing anterior teeth. | back 262 ![]() vertical overlap (sometimes called overbite) |
front 263 When a person has an underdeveloped mandible, and the mandibular anterior teeth contact at the gingival third of the lingual surfaces of the maxillary teeth. | back 263 ![]() deep-bite |
front 264 If the maxillary central and laterals are at a normal labial inclination in an anterior Class II relationship. | back 264 ![]() class II, division 1 |
front 265 If the maxillary incisors are lingually inclined in an anterior Class II relationship. | back 265 ![]() class II, division 2 |
front 266 When a person has pronounced mandibular growth, and the mandibular anterior teeth are positioned forward and contact with the incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth. | back 266 ![]() end-to-end (or edge-to-edge) |
front 267 In anterior tooth relationship in which there is negative vertical overlap with the posterior teeth in maximum intercuspation. | back 267 ![]() anterior openbite |
front 268 Any movement of the mandible from the intercuspal position that results in tooth contact. | back 268 eccentric movement |
front 269 The three basic eccentric movements of the mandible. | back 269
|
front 270 A (...) mandibular movement occurs when the mandible moves forward from the intercuspal position. | back 270 protrusive |
front 271 Any area of a tooth that contacts an opposing tooth during protrusive movement is considered to be a (...). | back 271 protrusive contact |
front 272 Anterior protrusive contacts occur between the (...) of the mandibular incisors against the (...) of the maxillary incisors. | back 272 incisal and labial edges; lingual fossae and incisal edges |
front 273 The (...) of the maxillary teeth are the surfaces responsible for the characteristics of anterior guidance. | back 273 ![]() guiding inclines (GI) |
front 274 Posterior protrusive contacts can occur between (...) of maxillary teeth and (...) of mandibular teeth. | back 274 ![]() distal inclines; mesial inclines |
front 275 During a (...) mandibular movement, the mandibular posterior teeth move across their opposing teeth in different directions. | back 275 laterotrusive |
front 276 Any contacts that occur on the left side during left laterotrusive movement are called (...). | back 276 laterotrusive (or working side) contacts |
front 277 Any contacts that occur on the right side during left laterotrusive movement are called (...) contacts. | back 277 mediotrusive (or non-working side) contacts |
front 278 Laterotrusive contacts can occur between (...) of maxillary buccal cusps and (...) of mandibular buccal cusps or between (...) of maxillary lingual cusps and (...) of mandibular lingual cusps. | back 278 ![]() inner inclines; outer inclines; outer inclines; inner inclines |
front 279 Mediotrusive contacts can only occur between (...) of maxillary lingual cusps and (...) of mandibular buccal cusps. | back 279 ![]() inner inclines; inner inclines |
front 280 A (...) movement occurs when the mandible moves posteriorly from the intercuspal position. | back 280 retrusive |
front 281 Compared to the other movements, retrusive movement is quite small (1 or 2 mm) because it is (...). | back 281 restricted by the ligamentous structures |
front 282 Any area of a tooth that contacts an opposing tooth during retrusive movement is considered to be a (...). | back 282 retrusive contact |
front 283 Posterior retrusive contacts can occur between the (...) of the maxillary teeth and the (...) of the mandibular teeth. | back 283 ![]() mesial inclines; distal inclines |
front 284 How many inclines of a centric cusp can potentially provide eccentric contact with the opposing tooth? | back 284 ![]() four (mesial, distal, inner, outer) |
front 285 How many inclines of a noncentric cusp can potentially provide eccentric contact with the opposing tooth? | back 285 ![]() one (inner) |
front 286 Although CR has had a variety of definitions over the years it , it is generally considered to designate the position of the mandible when the condyles are in an (...) position. | back 286 orthopedically stable |
front 287 Earlier definitions described CR as the most (...) of the condyles, which is determined mainly by the ligaments of the TMJ. | back 287 retruded position |
front 288 Today the term centric relation suggests that the condyles are in their most (...) in the articular fossae. | back 288 superior position |
front 289 How many areas is force is applied to the cranium when the mandible is elevated? | back 289 ![]() three (each TMJ and the teeth) |
front 290 In establishing the criteria for the optimum orthopedically stable joint position, the (...) of the TMJ must be closely examined. | back 290 anatomic structures |
front 291 Ligaments determine the optimum orthopedically stable joint position. True or false? | back 291 False; ligaments act as limiting structures for certain extended or border joint movements, but do not actively participate in joint function. |
front 292 The articular disc determines the optimum orthopedically stable joint position. True or false? | back 292 False; the articular disc is separates, protects, and stabilizes the condyle during functional movements, but it does not determine positional stability of the joint. |
front 293 The directional forces of (...) determine the optimum orthopedically stable joint position. | back 293 muscles |
front 294 Muscles stabilize joints, therefore every mobile joint must have a most (...) position. | back 294 musculoskeletally stable |
front 295 The steady reflex contraction that resides in the muscles concerned in maintaining posture. | back 295 muscle tone |
front 296 The major muscles that stabilize the TMJs are the (...). | back 296 elevators (masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid) |
front 297 The direction of the force placed on the condyles by the masseters and medial pterygoids is (...). | back 297 ![]() superoanterior |
front 298 Although the temporalis has fibers that are oriented posteriorly, they predominantly elevate the condyles in a (...) direction. | back 298 ![]() superior |
front 299 Tonus in the inferior lateral pterygoids positions the condyles (...). | back 299 anteriorly against the posterior slopes of the articular eminences |
front 300 The very thin bone located in the (...) of the mandibular fossa is not developed to support loading, but the (...) is composed of dense bone able to withstand the forces of loading. | back 300 ![]() superior aspect; articular eminence |
front 301 The complete definition of the most orthopedically stable TMJ position is when the condyles are in their most (...) position in the articular fossae, resting against the (...) of the articular fossae with (...). | back 301 ![]() superoanterior; posterior slopes; discs properly interposed |
front 302 (...) force to the mandible can displace the condyle from the musculoskeletally stable (MS) position; in this position, force can be applied to the posterior aspect of the disc, inferior retrodiscal lamina, and retrodiscal tissues. | back 302 ![]() posterior |
front 303 (...) movement of the mandible brings the condyles down the articular eminences, which requires contraction of the inferior lateral pterygoid; this represents a “muscle stabilized” position, but not a “musculoskeletally stable” position. | back 303 ![]() forward |
front 304 If MICP were developed in an inferoanterior position, a discrepancy would exist between the most stable (...) and the most stable (...). | back 304 occlusal position; joint position |
front 305 When closure of the mandible in the MS position creates an unstable occlusal condition, the (...) feeds back appropriate muscle action to locate a more stable occlusal condition. Therefore the MS position of the joints can be maintained only when it is in harmony with a (...). | back 305 neuromuscular system; stable occlusal condition |
front 306 When only right side occlusal contacts are present, activity of the elevator muscles pivot the mandible using the tooth contacts as a fulcrum; the result is an increase in joint force to the (...) TMJ and a decreased force to the (...) TMJ. | back 306 ![]() left; right |
front 307 With bilateral occlusal contacts, (...) stability is achieved at the same time there is (...) stability. | back 307 ![]() mandibular; condylar |
front 308 Bilateral occlusal contacts maintain mandibular stability; as the number of occluding teeth increases, the force to each tooth (...). | back 308 ![]() decreases |
front 309 Understanding the progression of these illustrations leads to the conclusion that the optimum occlusal condition during mandibular closure would be provided by (...). | back 309 even and simultaneous contact of all possible teeth |
front 310 The criteria for optimum functional occlusion are described as
| back 310 even and simultaneous; superoanterior; posterior slopes; properly interposed |
front 311 In optimum functional occlusion, the (...) position of the condyles coincides with the (...) position of the teeth. | back 311 musculoskeletally stable (CR); maximum intercuspation (MICP) |
front 312 The exact contact pattern of each tooth must be more closely examined so a precise description of the optimum relationship can be derived. To evaluate this better, the (...) and (...) of force applied to each tooth needs to be closely examined. | back 312 direction; amount |
front 313 Since the teeth are constantly receiving occlusal forces, a (...) is present between the root of the tooth and the alveolar bone to help control these forces. | back 313 ![]() periodontal ligament (PDL) |
front 314 When force is applied to the tooth, the fibers support it and tension is created at the alveolar attachment; pressure stimulates bone (...), but tension stimulates bone (...). | back 314 resorption; formation |
front 315 When cusp tips contact flat surfaces, the resultant force is directed vertically through the (...); this type of force is accepted well by the periodontal ligament. | back 315 ![]() long axes of the teeth |
front 316 When opposing teeth contact on inclines, the direction of force is not through the long axes of the teeth; instead, (...) are created that tend to cause (...) of certain areas of the PDL and (...) of other areas. | back 316 ![]() tipping forces; compression; elongation |
front 317 If a tooth is contacted such that the resultant forces are directed (...), the PDL is quite efficient in accepting the forces and breakdown is less likely. | back 317 vertically |
front 318 If a tooth is contacted in such a manner that (...) forces are applied to the supportive structures, the likelihood of pathologic effects is greater. | back 318 horizontal |
front 319 The process of directing occlusal forces through the long axis of the tooth. | back 319 axial loading |
front 320 Two methods of achieving axial loading. | back 320 ![]()
|
front 321 The amount of force that can be generated between the teeth depends on the distance from the temporomandibular joint and the muscle force vectors; much more force can be generated on the (...) teeth than on the (...) teeth | back 321 ![]() posterior; anterior |
front 322 When heavy forces are applied to an object on the posterior teeth, the mandible is capable of shifting (...) to obtain the occlusal relationship that will best complete the desired task, creating an unstable mandibular position. | back 322 downward and forward |
front 323 The damaging horizontal forces of eccentric movement must be directed to the (...) teeth, which are positioned farthest from the fulcrum and the force vectors. | back 323 anterior |
front 324 Since the amount of force that can be applied to the (...) teeth is less than that which can be applied to the (...) teeth, the likelihood of breakdown is minimized. | back 324 anterior; posterior |
front 325 When all the anterior teeth are examined, it becomes apparent that the (...) are best suited to accept the horizontal forces that occur during eccentric movements. | back 325 canines |
front 326 The canines are best suited to accept the horizontal forces because they have the best (...) and they are also surrounded by (...). | back 326 crown/root ratio; dense compact bone |
front 327 When the mandible is moved in a right or left laterotrusive excursion, and the canines contact and dissipate the horizontal forces while disoccluding or disarticulating the posterior teeth. | back 327 ![]() canine guidance |
front 328 Many patients’ canines, are not in the proper position to accept horizontal forces and other teeth must contact during eccentric movements. In fact, only about (...)% of the general population have bilateral canine guidance. | back 328 26% |
front 329 The most favorable alternative to canine guidance, in which several of the teeth on the working side contact during the laterotrusive movement. | back 329 ![]() group function |
front 330 Any laterotrusive contacts more posterior than the (...) are not desirable because of the increased amount of force that can be created as the contact gets closer to the fulcrum (TMJ). | back 330 mesialbuccal cusp of the first molar |
front 331 It is reported that (...)% of the general population have group function guidance in the 20 to 30 age group and this percentage increases to (...)% in the 50 to 60 age group, likely due to (...). | back 331 41%; 68%; canine wear |
front 332 During laterotrusive movement, contacts can occur between opposing (...) as well as opposing (...) cusps on both maxillary and mandibular teeth. | back 332 ![]() buccal; lingual |
front 333 During mediotrusive movement, contacts occur only between the (...) cusps of maxillary teeth and the (...) cusps of mandibular teeth. | back 333 ![]() lingual; buccal |
front 334 When group function guidance is desirable, the (...) contacts are utilized, while (...) contacts are not desirable during eccentric movement. | back 334 ![]() buccal-to-buccal; lingual-to-lingual |
front 335 When the mandible moves forward into protrusive contact, damaging (...) forces can be applied to the teeth. | back 335 horizontal |
front 336 In protrusive movement, as with lateral movements, the (...) teeth can best receive and dissipate horizontal forces, and the (...) teeth should disocclude to minimize unfavorable forces to the masticatory system. | back 336 ![]() anterior; posterior |
front 337 The (...) teeth function effectively in accepting forces applied during closure of the mouth because their position in the arch is such that the force can be directed through their long axes. | back 337 posterior |
front 338 The (...) teeth are not positioned well in the arches to accept heavy forces because they are normally positioned at a labial angle to the direction of closure, so axial loading is nearly impossible. | back 338 anterior |
front 339 If the maxillary anterior teeth receive heavy occlusal contacts during closure, there is a great likelihood that their supportive structures will not be able to tolerate the forces and they will be displaced (...). | back 339 ![]() labially |
front 340 It may be stated that (...) teeth function most effectively in stopping the mandible during closure, whereas (...) teeth function most effectively in guiding the mandible during eccentric movements. | back 340 posterior; anterior |
front 341 When the posterior teeth contact slightly more heavily than anterior teeth when the teeth are occluded in the ICP. | back 341 mutually protected occlusion |
front 342 In the normal upright head position, as well as the alert feeding position (head forward approximately 30 degrees), the (...) teeth should contact more heavily than the (...) teeth. | back 342 posterior; anterior |
front 343 If an occlusal condition is established with the patient reclined in a dental chair, the mandibular postural position and resultant occlusal condition may be slightly (...) oriented. | back 343 posteriorly |
front 344 If in the upright head position or the alert feeding position the patient’s mandible assumes a slightly anterior postural position, activity of the elevator muscles will result in heavy (...) tooth contacts. | back 344 anterior |
front 345 When the mouth closes, the condyles are in their most (...) position, resting against the (...) of the articular eminences with the discs (...). | back 345 superoanterior (MS); posterior slopes; properly interposed. |
front 346 In the MS postion, there should be (...) contact of all posterior teeth. The anterior teeth also contact but (...) than the posterior teeth. | back 346 even and simultaneous; more lightly |
front 347 All tooth contacts should provide (...) loading of occlusal forces. | back 347 axial |
front 348 When the mandible moves into laterotrusive positions, there should be adequate tooth-guided contacts on the (...) side to disocclude the (...) side immediately; the most desirable guidance is provided by the (...). | back 348 laterotrusive (working); mediotrusive (nonworking); canines |
front 349 When the mandible moves into a protrusive position, there should be adequate tooth-guided contacts on the (...) teeth to disocclude all (...) teeth immediately. | back 349 anterior; posterior |
front 350 In the upright head position and alert feeding position, posterior tooth contacts are (...) than anterior tooth contacts. | back 350 heavier |
front 351 Which ligament limits rotational movement? | back 351 TML |
front 352 Which ligament limits maximum opening? | back 352 capsular ligament |
front 353 Which ligament limits protrusive movement? | back 353 stylomandibular ligament |