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Exercise 33A: Human Cardiovascular Physiology - Blood Pressure and Pulse Determinations

front 1 CORRECTLY IDENTIFY EACH TRACE, VALVE CLOSINGS AND OPENINGS, AND EACH TIME PERIOD OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE. (A - G)	back 1 A. VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE B. AORTIC PRESSURE C. VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE D. AV AND SEMILUNAR VALVES CLOSED E. VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE F. AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE OPENS G. VENTRICULAR PRESSURE
front 2 CORRECTLY IDENTIFY EACH TRACE, VALVE CLOSINGS AND OPENINGS, AND EACH TIME PERIOD OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE. (H - P)	back 2 H. AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE CLOSES I. ECG J. AV VALVE CLOSES K. AORTIC PRESSURE L. AV VALVE OPENS M. VENTRICULAR VOLUME N. ATRIAL PRESSURE O. FIRST HEART SOUND P. SECOND HEART SOUND
front 3 DEFINE SYSTOLE	back 3 CONTRACTION OF THE HEART CHAMBERS DURING WHICH BLOOD LEAVES THE CHAMBERS; USUALLY REFERS TO VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
front 4 DEFINE DIASTOLE	back 4 RELAXATION OF THE HEART CHAMBERS, DURING WHICH THEY FILL WITH BLOOD; USUALLY REFERS TO VENTRICULAR RELAXATION

front 5 DEFINE CARDIAC CYCLE	back 5 COMPLETE ROUND OF CARDIAC SYSTOLE AND DIASTOLE
front 6 WHEN ARE THE AV VALVES CLOSED?	back 6 DURING VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
front 7 WHAT EVENT WITHIN THE HEART CAUSES AV VALVES TO OPEN?	back 7 VENTRICULAR PRESSURE
front 8 WHEN ARE THE SEMILUNAR VALVES CLOSED?	back 8 DIASTOLE OF HEART AS A WHOLE (QUIESCENCE) AND DURING ATRIA SYSTOLE

front 9 WHAT EVENT CAUSES THE SEMILUNAR VALVES TO OPEN?	back 9 VENTRICULAR PRESSURE> PRESSURE IN THE GREAT ARTERIES (AORTA AND PULMONARY TRUNK)LEAVING THEIR CHAMBERS.
front 10 ARE BOTH SETS OF VALVES CLOSED DURING ANY PART OF THE CYCLE. IF SO, WHEN?	back 10 YES THEY ARE; MOMENTARILY AFTER ATRIAL SYSTOLE AND VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE.
front 11 ARE BOTH SETS OF VALVES OPEN DURING ANY PART OF THE CYCLES?	back 11 NO THEY ARE NOT
front 12 AT WHAT POINT IN THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS THE PRESSURE IN THE HEART HIGHEST?	back 12 VENTRICULAR (SYSTOLE) CONTRACTION

front 13 Ok, so you’re using my notecards which is great. I am glad I could help you out cause I wish I had someone to help me out when I took this course. I know Anatomy is super hard.	back 13 I only ask that if you find these notecards helpful, you join Easy Notecards and create at least one notecard set to help others out. It can be for any subject or class. Thanks and don’t forget to rate my helpfulness!
front 14 AT WHAT POINT IN THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS THE PRESSURE IN THE HEART LOWEST?	back 14 PRESSURE IN THE HEART IS LOWEST AT THE POINT OF VENTRICULAR RELAXATION (DIASTOLE)
front 15 WHAT EVENT RESULTS IN THE PRESSURE DEFLECTION CALLED THE DICROTIC NOTCH?	back 15 MOMENTARY INCREASE IN AORTIC PRESSURE THAT OCCURS WHEN ITS SEMILUNAR VALVE SNAPS SHUT.
front 16 THE LENGTH OF THE NORMAL CARDIAC CYCLE	back 16 0.8 SEC

front 17 THE TIME INTERVAL OF ATRIAL SYSTOLE	back 17 0.1 SEC
front 18 THE QUIESCENT PERIOD, OR PAUSE	back 18 0.4 SEC
front 19 THE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION PERIOD	back 19 0.3 SEC
front 20 IF AN INDIVIDUAL'S HEART RATE IS 80 BEATS/MIN, WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE? WHAT PORTION OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS SHORTENED BY THIS MORE RAPID HEART RATE?	back 20 0.75 SEC; QUIESCENT PERIOD (VENTRICULAR RELAXATION)

front 21 WHAT TWO FACTORS PROMOTE THE MOVEMENT OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART?	back 21 ALTERNATE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION OF THE MYOCARDIUM - AND - OPENING AND CLOSING OF HEART VALVES (PRESSURE DEPENDENT)
front 22 THE MONOSYLLABLES DESCRIBING THE HEART SOUNDS ARE __1__. THE FIRST HEART SOUND IS A RESULT OF CLOSURE OF THE __2__ VALVES, WHEREAS THE SECOND IS A RESULT OF CLOSURE OF THE __3__ VALVES. THE HEART CHAMBERS THAT HAVE JUST BEEN FILLED WHEN YOU HEAR THE FIRST HEART SOUND ARE THE __4__, AND THE CHAMBERS THAT HAVE JUST EMPTIED ARE THE __5__. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE SECOND HEART SOUND, BOTH THE __6__ AND __7__ ARE FILLING WITH BLOOD.	back 22 1. LUB/DUB 2. AV VALVES 3. SEMILUNAR LAVES 4. ATRIA 5. VENTRICLES 6. L. VENTRICLE 7. R. VENTRICLE
front 23 IN ORDER TO AUSCULTATE MOST ACCURATELY, INDICATE WHERE YOU WOULD PLACE YOUR STETHOSCOPE FOR THE FOLLOWING SOUNDS: CLOSURE OF THE TRICUSPID VALVE	back 23 LEFT OR RIGHT STERNAL BORDER OF FIFTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE
front 24 IN ORDER TO AUSCULTATE MOST ACCURATELY, INDICATE WHERE YOU WOULD PLACE YOUR STETHOSCOPE FOR THE FOLLOWING SOUNDS: CLOSURE OF THE AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE	back 24 RIGHT STERNAL BORDER OF SECOND INTERCOSTAL SPACE

front 25 IN ORDER TO AUSCULTATE MOST ACCURATELY, INDICATE WHERE YOU WOULD PLACE YOUR STETHOSCOPE FOR THE FOLLOWING SOUNDS: APICAL HEARTBEAT	back 25 FIFTH INTERCOSTAL SPACE IN LINE WITH MIDDLE OF THE CLAVICLE
front 26 WHICH VALVE IS HEARD MOST CLEARLY WHEN THE APICAL HEARTBEAT IS AUSCULTATED?	back 26 BICUSPID
front 27 DEFINE PULSE	back 27 PULSE PRESSURE CAUSED BY THE EJECTION OF BLOOD FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE INTO THE AORTA PRODUCES A PRESSURE WAVE (PULSE) THAT TRAVELS RAPIDLY ALONG THE ARTERIES.
front 28 DESCRIBE THE PROCEDURE USED TO TAKE THE PULSE.	back 28 THE PULSE IS THE AMOUNT OF BEATS PER MINUTE THAT YOUR HEART DOES. USE TWO FINGERS TO FIND THE PULSE (THERE ARE DIFFERENT AREAS ON THE BODY THAT THESE CAN BEST BE FOUND, BEST ARE THOSE CLOSEST TO THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN.) MOST COMMON ARE RADIAL AND CAROTID. COUNT THE BEATS FELT FOR A TIME AND MULITPLY TO GET 60 SECONDS. E.G. 15 SEC X 4.

front 29 PULSE AT THE WRIST	back 29 RADIAL ARTERY
front 30 PULSE IN FRONT OF THE EAR	back 30 SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY
front 31 PULSE ON THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT	back 31 DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY.
front 32 PULSE AT THE SIDE OF THE NECK	back 32 CAROTID ARTERY

front 33 WHEN YOU WERE PALPATING THE VARIOUS PULSE OR PRESSURE POINTS, WHICH APPEARED TO HAVE THE GREATEST AMPLITUDE OR TENSION? WHY DO YOU THINK THIS WAS SO?	back 33 CAROTID ARTERY; BECAUSE IT IS THE CLOSEST TO THE HEART.
front 34 ASSUME SOMEONE HAS BEEN INJURED IN AN AUTO ACCIDENT AND IS HEMORRHAGING BADLY. WHAT PRESSURE POINT WOULD YOU COMPRESS TO HELP STOP BLEEDING FROM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS? THE THIGH:	back 34 FEMORAL
front 35 ASSUME SOMEONE HAS BEEN INJURED IN AN AUTO ACCIDENT AND IS HEMORRHAGING BADLY. WHAT PRESSURE POINT WOULD YOU COMPRESS TO HELP STOP BLEEDING FROM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS? THE FOREARM:	back 35 BRACHIAL
front 36 ASSUME SOMEONE HAS BEEN INJURED IN AN AUTO ACCIDENT AND IS HEMORRHAGING BADLY. WHAT PRESSURE POINT WOULD YOU COMPRESS TO HELP STOP BLEEDING FROM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS? THE CALF:	back 36 POPLITEAL

front 37 ASSUME SOMEONE HAS BEEN INJURED IN AN AUTO ACCIDENT AND IS HEMORRHAGING BADLY. WHAT PRESSURE POINT WOULD YOU COMPRESS TO HELP STOP BLEEDING FROM EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS? THE THUMB:	back 37 RADIAL
front 38 HOW CAN YOU TELL BY SIMPLE OBSERVATION WHETHER BLEEDING IS ARTERIAL OR VENOUS?	back 38 BRIGHT RED AND SPURTING - ARTERIAL DARK RED AND OOZING - VENOUS
front 39 YOU MAY SOMETIMES OBSERVE A SLIGHT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE VALUE OBTAINED FROM AN APICAL PULSE (BEATS/MIN) AND THAT FROM AN ARTERIAL PULSE TAKEN ELSEWHERE ON THE BODY. WHAT IS THIS DIFFERENCE CALLED?	back 39 PULSE DEFICIT
front 40 DEFINE BLOOD PRESSURE	back 40 (BP) TENSION OF THE BLOOD WITHIN THE BLOOD VESSELS; COMMONLY EXPRESSED IN UNITS OF MILLIMETERS OF MERCURY (MM Hg)

front 41 IDENTIFY THE PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE: SYSTOLIC PRESSURE	back 41 VENTRICULAR EJECTION
front 42 IDENTIFY THE PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE: DIASTOLIC PRESSURE	back 42 VENTRICULAR RELAXATION
front 43 WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE INSTRUMENT USED TO COMPRESS THE ARTERY AND RECORD PRESSURES IN THE AUSCULTATORY METHOD OF DETERMINING BLOOD PRESSURE?	back 43 SPHYGMOMANOMETER
front 44 WHAT ARE THE SOUNDS OF KOROTKOFF?	back 44 SOUNDS OF KOROTKOFF ARE PRODUCED WHEN BLOOD PRESSURE IS TAKEN. BLOOD FLOW PRODUCES VIBRATIONS IN THE BLOOD AND SURROUNDING TISSUES THAT CAN BE HEARD THROUGH THE STETHOSCOPE, THESE SOUNDS ARE CALLED KOROTKOFF.

front 45 WHAT CAUSES THE SYSTOLIC SOUND?	back 45 SYSTOLIC SOUND IS THE FIRST SOUND HEARD UNDER PRESSURE. AS THE PRESSURE IS RELEASED AND THE ARTERY CAN NO LONGER STAY CLOSED, AS BLOOD BEGINS TO FLOW THROUGH THE VIBRATIONS MAKE THIS FIRST SOUND.
front 46 WHAT CAUSES THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE SOUND?	back 46 DISAPPEARANCE IS CONSIDERED DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE.
front 47 INTERPRET 145/85/82	back 47 BP 145/85, PULSE 82 BPM. 145 PRESSURE IT TAKES YOUR BLOOD TO PUSH THROUGH VASCULAR SYSTEM WHILE YOU HAVE IT RESTRICTED. 85 IS LEAST AMOUNT OF PRESSURE NEEDED TO FLOW THROUGH VEINS WITHOUT PRESSURE. 82 IS AMOUNT OF HEART BEATS PER MINUTE. COMPLETED CARDIAC CYCLES (82) IN ONE MINUTE.
front 48 DEFINE PULSE PRESSURE	back 48 SYSTOLIC PRESSURE - DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

front 49 WHY IS THIS MEASUREMENT IMPORTANT? (PULSE PRESSURE)	back 49 INDICATED ACTUAL WORKING PRESSURE (AMOUNT OF BLOOD FORCED OUT OF THE HEART DURING SYSTOLE)
front 50 HOW DO VENOUS PRESSURES COMPARE TO ARTERIAL PRESSURE? WHY?	back 50 VENOUS PRESSURE IS LOWER; BECAUSE THE VEINS ARE FURTHER REMOVED FROM THE PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART
front 51 WHAT MANEUVER TO INCREASE THE THORACIC PRESSURE ILLUSTRATES THE EFFECT OF EXTERNAL FACTORS ON VENOUS PRESSURE? HOW IS THIS PREFORMED?	back 51 A PERSON TAKES A DEEP BREATH & MIMICS THE NOTIONS OF EXHALING FORCIBLY BUT W/O ACTUALLY EXHALING; THE GLOTTIS WILL CLOSE AND THE INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE WILL INCREASE
front 52 WHAT MIGHT AN ABNORMAL INCREASE IN VENOUS PRESSURE INDICATE? (THINK!)	back 52 These factors can increase central venous pressure: -Decreased cardiac output -Increased blood volume -Venous constriction -Changing from standing to supine body posture -Forced expiration -Muscle contraction

front 53 WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? INCREASED DIAMETER OF THE ARTERIOLES	back 53 DECREASES
front 54 WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? INCREASED BLOOD VISCOSITY	back 54 INCREASES
front 55 WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? INCREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT	back 55 INCREASES
front 56 WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? HEMORRHAGE	back 56 DECREASES

front 57 WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? ARTERIOSCLEROSIS	back 57 INCREASES
front 58 WHAT EFFECT DO THE FOLLOWING HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE? INCREASED PULSE RATE	back 58 INCREASES
front 59 IN WHICH POSITION (SITTING, RECLINING, OR STANDING) IS THE BLOOD PRESSURE NORMALLY THE HIGHEST? THE LOWEST?	back 59 HIGHEST - RECLINING LOWEST - STANDING
front 60 WHAT IMMEDIATE CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE DID YOU OBSERVE WHEN THE SUBJECT STOOD UP AFTER BEING IN THE SITTING OR RECLINING POSITION?	back 60 Your blood pressure is higher when your heart is hard at work, pumping blood while your body is moving, keeping balance, etc. (when you're awake and standing.) And when you are reclining, your heart is at rest and doesn't need to work as hard to pump blood through out the bodY

front 61 WHAT CHANGES IN THE BLOOD VESSELS MIGHT ACCOUNT FOR THE CHANGE?	back 61 Blood vessels can feel the shear stress caused by blood flow. When shear stress increases the blood vessel responds and the diameter becomes larger. Thus in short, changes in blood flow might cause blood vessels to change diameter
front 62 AFTER THE SUBJECT STOOD FOR 3 MINUTES, WHAT CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE WERE OBSERVED? HOW DO YOU ACCOUNT FOR THIS CHANGE?	back 62 The blood pressure evened out back to normal, took 3 minutes for blood to be distributed normally to and from the heart to body.
front 63 WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON BLOOD PRESSURE?	back 63 During exercise systolic blood pressure (the upper reading) usually increases gradually. However, regular exercise normally causes routine resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure to decrease
front 64 WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON PULSE RATE?	back 64 When you are working out, your body is using alot of energy, therefore your heart has to pump faster in order to keep up with the rate of breathing. Sometimes if not enough oxygen is being delivered to each cell, lactic fermentation occurs where lactic acid is produced

front 65 DO YOU THINK THESE EFFECTS REFLECT CHANGES IN CARDIAC OUTPUT OR IN PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE?	back 65 CARDIAC OUTPUT
front 66 WHY ARE THERE NORMALLY NO SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN DIASTOLIC PRESSURE AFTER EXERCISE?	back 66 Diastolic pressure is the pressure in the circulatory system in between heartbeats. The blood isn't at any pressure inbetween beats, whether you've just exercised or are sleeping
front 67 WHAT EFFECTS OF THE FOLLOWING DID YOU OBSERVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE LABORATORY? COLD TEMPERATURE:	back 67 INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE
front 68 WHAT DO YOU THINK THE EFFECT OF HEAT WOULD BE? WHY?	back 68 HEAT WOULD DECREASE BLOOD PRESSURE, BECAUSE IT CAUSES YOUR BLOOD VESSELS TO DILATE (OPEN UP)