Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

Hyoid bone

Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?

They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development & function

Diet is important because bone are storage places for?

Calcium & Phosphorus

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system & the urinary system?

Urethra

Ligaments provide which connection?

Bone to bone

Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

Ureter

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation cause by which molecule?

Lactic acid

As part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrx in response to a decrease in Calcium in the blood?

Osteoclasts (break down bone so it can release Ca+ into interstitial fluid)

Sweat on the skin’s surface cool’s the body through which process?

Evaporation

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?

Carrot & squash

Which hand position describes anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

Palms facing anterior

Which structure is a ball & socket joint?

Shoulder

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus & stapes?

Skull / Ear

What are like cells grouped together called?

Tissue

The Pulse Point located behind the knee is Palpated over which artery?

Popliteal

Ceruminous (Apocrine) glands secrete?

Earwax

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

Hinge

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated / increased?

Cardiac output

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

Oral cavity

Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?

Plasma membrane

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?

Thoracic cavity

What is the effect of Serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is secreted?

H20 is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate

What is the Function of thrombocytes (Platelets)?

Blood clotting

Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of lower extremity?

Vastus lateralis

Which structure is located on the sternum?

Xiphoid process

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

Head / Skull

Which structure carries Oxygen to the cells?

Hemoglobin

Which gland is commonly known as the “Master Gland”?

Pituitary gland

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

Ligament

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?

Eccrine gland (Merocrine / sweat gland)

Which statement are true about bone?

Osteoblast (buildup of bone), Epiphyseal (end of bone) , Diaphysis (shaft of bone)

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?

Eye (in front of eye, between lens & cornea)

The malleus, incus & stapes are located in which part of the body?

Ear

Dorsiflexion & plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?

Foot

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

Pulmonary vein (Remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to heart. Arteries carry oxygen & nutrients away from heart)

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?

Temporal lobe

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

Cochlea

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

Fallopian tubes (also called uterine tubes)

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located?

Lower leg

An overproduction of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?

External ear & canals

The mitral valve is located between which two structures?

Left ventricle & left atrium

The olfactory nerve is associated in which sense?

Smell

Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

Vena cava

Hormones produced by the ovaries?

Estrogen & Progesterone

Plane divides the body into left & right sides?

Sagittal

Two divisions that make up the nervous system?

PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central)

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing?

Epiphysis

Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata

Which term is used to describe movement of the arms & legs away from midline of the body?

Abduction (AB = Away from)

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck?

Carotid artery

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) (ADH is also known as Vasopressin)

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

Carry oxygen

What stimulates chemoreceptors to function?

↑ in CO2 & ↓ in O2

Which condition causes a client to say “I can’t see far away”?

Nearsightedness (Think opposite, Far is near, near is far)

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

Packaging proteins for secretion & transports lipids around the cell Synthesize carbs & glycoproteins

What organ produces insulin?

Pancreas

Fertilization occurs in the?

Oviduct

When drawing blood from antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

Median cubital

What hormone induces growth of pubic & axillary hair at puberty?

Testosterone & Estrogen

Increase in rate of breathing results in what blood PH change?

Alkalosis

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Regulates balance & thermoregulation

How many carbs per gram do carbs contain?

4

When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this process is called?

Osmosis

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?

Body becomes more acidic

What part of the body is the lower back?

Lumbar

High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?

Potassium

What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney?

Renal vein (this vein drains the kidney)

What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

Thyroid gland

In white blood cells ,what contributes to phagocytosis?

Macrophages & neutrophils

What structure of the eye picks out color?

Retina

What is the most protective layer of the skin?

Epidermis

The organ of corti is located in the?

Ear

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?

Small intestine

The rough ER functions in the human cells to?

Synthesize proteins

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

Protein

What is the definition of chyme?

Semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers

What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen & progesterone?

Ovaries

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?

Cilia

Which is a hollow organ?

Gall bladder

Which muscle(s) is included in the quad femoris group?

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?

Medulla oblongata

A client has a large pituitary tumor, what part of the body does this effect?

Low blood pressure, sickness, head hurting, vision problems

Which structures produce B-lymphocytes?

Red bone marrow

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulation is increased?

Blood pressure ↑ & goose bumps

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

Dorsal

The esophagus is located in which body cavity?

Thoracic

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

External auditory canal & middle ear

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?

28 days

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

Thymus

Calcaneus is located in?

Foot

Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?

Expel waste

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

Corpus luteum

What are finger prints made of?

Friction ridges/ dermal papillae

ABCD of cancer?

Melanoma

Which of the following location(s) would the urinary bladder & internal reproductive organ be found?

Pelvic region

Which one ↑ angle at the joint?

Extensor

Which hormone is released by posterior lobe?

Oxytocin & ADH ( ADH is also known as Vasopressin)

Order of organization of living things?

Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, biosphere.

All living things are made up of?

Cells

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?

Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles

Most obvious skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma

Active transport requires?

Requires energy (ATP) from cell

Passive transport?

Does not require energy (ATP)

Diffusion is?

Passive movement of MOLECULES or PARTICLES along a concentration gradient, to low concentration.

Osmosis is?

Movement of water across a membrane (low to high concentration)

Fibrous joint are?

Stationary & held together by ligaments only (Ex: teeth in socket)

Cartilaginous is?

Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage

Synovial joints are?

Freely mobile (Ex: Hinge, pivot, saddle)

Types of asexual reproduction?

Binary fission Mitosis

What is the eustachian tube?

Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

Calciferol (aka Vitamin D) is controlled by?

Parathyroid hormone

Sebaceous gland function?

Secretes oil

What is endocytosis?

Engulfs and brings in (endo = internal)

What is exocytosis?

Fuses with plasma membrane & releases contents outside the cell (exo= exit)

Pituitary gland produces?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone & Growth hormone

What does the adrenal gland secrete?

Cortisol & Aldosterone

Aerobic respiration takes place in?

Mitochondria & REQUIRES oxygen & glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water & energy

Anaerobic respiration produces?

Energy & uses glucose, but produces less energy and does NOT require oxygen

What part(s) of the respiratory system are in the lower respiratory?

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Aerobic respirations happens in the presence of?

Oxygen

What is the soft spot on a baby’s head?

Fontanelle

Layers of the epidermis? (Superficial to deep)

Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

The top of the sternum is called?

Manubrium

Parts of the sternum?

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

What makes up most plasma?

Water

Polypeptides are?

Chains of amino acids

What is Mitosis?

The process of cell division that occurs in 5 stages before pinching 2 daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis

What is Meiosis?

Is to make haploid gametes & the production of germ cells

Photosynthesis is?

Precursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process, Uses sunlight to synthesize foods from CO2 and H2O, Generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Ribs are attached to the?

Sternum

A auricle is?

A thin pouch in the heart

Inspiration is ___ and Expiration is?

Inspiration = inhale & Expiration = exhale

What separates the Abdominal & thoracic cavity?

Diaphragm

The distal convoluted tubule is controlled by?

Reabsorbing calcium, sodium, and chloride and regulates the pH of urine by secreting protons and absorbing bicarbonate Works with hormone Aldosterone

HCL is a chemical in the stomach, why is it not absorbed or cause harm to the stomach?

Mucus lining protects it

Largest layer in the heart?

Left ventricle

What makes colors of the skin?

Melanin. (we all have the same # of melanocytes, it is the amount of melanin that determines our color)

Oxytocin is?

Produced by: Hypothalamus & Released by: Posterior pituitary

Ligaments are?

Bone to bone

Tendons are?

Bone to muscle

Osteocytes are?

Bone forming cells

4 steps of bone ossification?

Hematoma formation, Callus formation, Ossification, Bone remodeling

Gall bladder is part of?

Digestive system

Vastus lateralis extends?

Extends & stabilizes the knee

Muscle contraction that moves food through digestive tract?

Peristalsis

Schwann cells are located in?

Peripheral nervous system

How does Nervous system work with Muscular system?

Tells muscles how to respond to environment

Somatic Nervous System?

Part of PNS associated with the VOLUNTARY CONTROL of body movements via skeletal muscles. Consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves, & efferent nerves or motor nerves

Autonomic Nervous System?

Regulates a variety of body process that takes place without conscious effort. Part of the PNS & is responsible for regulating INVOLUNTARY body functions, such as heartbeat, blood flow, breathing, and digestion

Which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth?

Endocrine system

How does lymph work with circulatory?

Lymph draws excess fluid from cells & deposits it into blood vessels

What is the function of parathyroid?

Activation of vitamin D

What is a normal heart beat?

72 bpm 120 over 80

How is pepsin used in the body?

Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It is produced in the stomach & is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive systems

Which system produces antibodies?

Lymphatic system

Blood that has supplied nutrients & Oxygen to heart muscle returns to right atrium via?

Coronary sinus

Blood in the pulmonary veins return to the?

Left Atrium

Diploid has __ chromosomes? (MITOSIS)

46 chromosomes

Haploid has __ chromosomes? (MEIOSIS)

23 chromosomes

Mitosis produces?

2 Diploid cells

Meiosis produces?

4 Haploid cells

Skeletal system function?

Protection, movement, mineral storage, production of blood

Efferent neurons are?

Motor neurons that carry neural impulses AWAY from the CNS & towards muscles to cause movement.

Afferent neurons are?

Sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli TOWARDS the CNS & brain

Gametes are?

Mature haploid male or female germ cell which are able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. Male or female reproductive cell that contains half the genetic material of the organism. Are an organism's reproductive cells. They are also referred to as sex cells. Female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm. Gametes are HAPLOID cells (Meiosis), & each cell carries ONLY ONE copy of each chromosome.

What do capillaries do?

Carry blood AWAY from body in order to exchange nutrients, oxygen & waste

What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere & blood through the alveoli called?

External respiration (exhaling)

The exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells is?

Internal respiration (inhaling)

Most of carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following?

It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within RBC (red blood cells)

Ovum can be described as?

A mature female reproductive cell & can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by male cell

What are the two functions of the male & female sex organs?

Production of gametes & production of hormones

Which tissues serves as the framework by providing support & structure for organs?

Connective tissue

What are the glands of the skin that produce a thin, watery secretion?

Eccrine Glands (aka Sweat glands or Merocrine glands)

All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?

Neurons

Monocytes become?

Macrophages

Lymphocytes are?

White blood cells that are also one of the body's main types of immune cells They are made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue. Defend the body against foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, & cancer cells that can threaten its functioning

Neutrophils are?

A WBC (White blood cell) that Phagocytize microorganisms

In order for inhalation to occur?

Contraction of diaphragm, which enlarges chest cavity and draws in air

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

Where does fertilization occur?

Fallopian tubes

Cellular contact is important for?

Wound healing

The most abundant tissue is?

Connective tissue

The_____ discharges the urine out of the body.

urethra

Temporary storage of urine is the function of the ________.

urinary bladder

The tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi is called ____________.

Trachea

The ______ are tiny air-filled sacs which are

alveoli

The________ is the passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and larynx.

pharynx

Which of the following means “away from the midline”?

Lateral

Superior means?

Above

Inferior means?

Below

Anterior means?

toward the front

Proximal means?

closer to the point of attachment

Distal means?

farther away from the point of attachment

All except which of the following is located superior to the maxilla bone?

Mandible

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

Stratum germinativum