The brain patterns of adolescents thinking about themselves and thinking about others are similar.

true

The developmental opportunities of adolescence make teenagers less vulnerable to severe psychological suffering.

false

Adolescent smoking lowers IQ scores.

true

Which of the following areas are affected negatively by cannabis use during adolescence? (Check all that apply)

brain develop in adolescence

The adolescent brain is (check all that apply)

brain devleopment

Which of the following statements are true? (Check all that apply)

brain development

Rites of passage, such as the Diné Kinaaldá, focus on the acquisition of knowledge.

false

Novelty seeking during adolescence posits nothing but dangers.

true

Smoking pot during adolescence has the same effect as smoking pot during adulthood.

false

Which socio-cultural trends impact adolescence significantly in problematic ways? (Check all that apply)

increase in general stress, changes in parenting stragies, pervasive use of social media

Adolescence ends when?

around 25

Which of the following are important for a successful resolution of the challenges of adolescence? (Check all that apply)

brain development

The approximate percentage of teenagers getting a sufficient amount of sleep is

15%

The rate of depression among teenagers (age 13 to 18) is approximately

25%

The rates of adolescent depression and anxiety have

increased during the last decade

Which of the following statements are correct? (Check all that apply.)

adolescence

The developmental opportunities of adolescence make teenagers less vulnerable to severe psychological suffering.

false

The rate of depression among teenagers (age 13 to 18) is approximately

25%

Adolescence as a distinct developmental period is a rather recent understanding in Western psychology.

true

Puberty is a term for the onset of sexual maturity.

true

The approximate percentage of teenagers getting a sufficient amount of sleep is

15%

Adolescents experience rejections very similarly to adults.

false

The adolescent brain is

particularly suscuptible to nicotine addiction

Adolescence ends when?

about 25

Teenage binge drinking impacts the formation of autobiographical memories.

true

About half of all adult psychopathology originated in adolescence.

true

The adolescent brain is (check all that apply)

immature, notabably differnt from the adult

Which socio-cultural trends impact adolescence significantly in problematic ways? (Check all that apply)

increase general stress, changes in parenting strategies, pervasive use of social media

Which of the following statements are true? (Check all that apply)

frontal cortex is least constrained by genes, adolescence channels the development of the frontal cortex, during adolecense the frontal cotex is not fully online.

The age at which puberty is reached has become earlier and earlier in the United States.

true

The impact of a reward is identical in adolescents and adults.

false

Which of the following areas are affected negatively by cannabis use during adolescence? (Check all that apply)

attnetion, planning, verbal IQ, brain integration, amygdala

The brain patterns of adolescents thinking about themselves and thinking about others are similar.

true

An adolescent’s imaginer audience commonly helps with critical thinking and risk assessment.

false

Which of the following statements are correct? (Check all that apply.)

sexual maturity defines pubescence, dramatic increase in hormones signal puberty

Indigenous rites of passage (check all that apply)

emphasize the positive potentials of adolescence

Long-term use of antipsychotics carries little risk

false

Individuals who have never taken antipsychotics have the best prognosis.

true

Indigenous societies cannot distinguish between shamanic illness and schizophrenic severe psychological suffering.

false

There is sufficient evidence that schizophrenia is a brain disease.

false

Shamans are the fantasies of a particular cultural imagination.

false

Which of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (Check all that apply)

disorganized thinking

delusions

The diagnostic definition of what schizophrenia is varies.

true

Erasmus of Rotterdam claimed that madness or folly is necessary to reach

wisdom

During the initiation of the Siberian shaman Sereptie he went through challenging experiences which Western psychiatry would call ____________ and Indigenous peoples would call __________.

hallucinations, vision

____________ is commonly considered the exemplar of madness.

schizophrenia

Disorganized behavior is one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

false

Cross-cultural differences exist in emergence and course of so-called schizophrenic or psychotic phenomena.

true

Which of the following is NOT part of the schizophrenia spectrum according to the DSM-5?

borderline personality disorder

Which of the following is NOT one of the four phases of the schizophrenic process commonly recognized?

transformative

The two scenarios at the beginning of the chapter suggest that

culture can play a critcal role in the manifestation of pysch symptoms

Schizophrenia in Western societies is not real, because they always are in truth spiritual emergences.

false

Hallucinations is one of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

true

David Lukoff’s story is remarkable because

he went through an emergence and integrated at a higher level

What is considered madness has been consistent throughout history.

false

It is better to speak of schizophrenia in the plural rather than the singular.

true

What is considered madness has been consistent throughout history.

false

Which of the following is NOT a theme in the history of the field of “abnormal psychology” and understanding severe psychological suffering?

look at madness section

Individuals who have never taken antipsychotics have the best prognosis.

true

Shamans are the fantasies of a particular cultural imagination.

false

The history of attempting to understand schizophrenia began with

kraepelin

Erasmus of Rotterdam claimed that madness or folly is necessary to reach

wisdom

Disorganized behavior is one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

false

Schizophrenia is an expression of capacities that have been evolutionarily beneficial in Indigenous societies.

true

Which of the following have notably higher recovery rates?

non western and not fully modernized

Indigenous societies cannot distinguish between shamanic illness and schizophrenic severe psychological suffering.

false

____________ is commonly considered the exemplar of madness.

schizophrenia

The two scenarios at the beginning of the chapter suggest that

look at socioclultral context

Psychiatry offers satisfactory explanations of schizophrenia.

false

Cross-cultural differences exist in emergence and course of so-called schizophrenic or psychotic phenomena.

true

The diagnostic definition of what schizophrenia is varies.

true

It is better to speak of schizophrenia in the plural rather than the singular.

true

There is sufficient evidence that schizophrenia is a brain disease.

false

Which of the following is NOT part of the schizophrenia spectrum according to the DSM-5?

borderline personality

The term “anomic depression” refers to

• Depression as result of cultural breakdown

Byung-Chul Han observes that the creative expressions of liberty now have become metrics that increase our self-observation and self-discipline.

true

Which of the following are possible alternate terms for ‘depression’? (Check all that apply.)

Melancholia

Sorrowfulness

Despondency

Dispiritedness

Most antidepressants have an effect size that is not clinically meaningful.

true

One third of Americans take prescription drugs that increase the risk of depression.

true

Which of the following are NOT factors potentially triggering depression? (Check all that apply.)qr

review sociiocultural factors

The notion of bipolar is very important in Argentina.

false

Chronic stress has been shown to reduce the size of the hippocampus in depressed people by

10-20%

The spirit dances of the Northwest Coast can be seen as (check all that apply)

personal healing and cultural healing process

In Japan feelings akin to “depression” were traditionally (before the arrival of Western antidepressants) occasion for

complexities and moo0d disorder chapter

Research about the frequency of bipolar disorders in the 1930s shows that (check all that apply)

hx of mood disorder chape

Ehrenberg claims that optimism of the illusion of endless possibilities can make it difficult to develop a trajectory for one’s life

true

Antidepressants were discovered through systematic research in the treatment of depression

false

The diagnosis of bipolar disorders used to be comparatively rare in the 1950s.

true

The number of Americans taking antidepressants is approximately

15 million

Japanese people describe would describe depression in somatic terms (heaviness, headaches, chest pain, etc.).

true

All depression is equally environmentally mediated.

false

The notion that there is one singular type of depression is

false

Clear focus in the midst of a prevailing dark mood is one of the diagnostic criteria for depression.

false

Chronic stress depletes dopamine, our pleasure neurotransmitter.

true

Integrative states of consciousness of traditional rituals can be considered a prophylactic for severe psychological suffering.

true

The number of people taking antidepressants has significantly declined in recent years.

false

Many of the terms and descriptions of depression in other cultures encourage the search for social and moral meaning.

true

Antidepressant given for depression increase the likelihood of triggering bipolar suffering.

true

Jilek considers ____________ as superior to Western psychotherapeutic approach with Indigenous clients.

spirit dance ceremonial

The notion that there is one singular type of depression is

false

All depression is equally environmentally mediated.

false

Research about the frequency of bipolar disorders in the 1930s shows that (check all that apply)

The majority of patients had a recovery during the months following.

Only a small percentage of patients had a chronic course.

The diagnosis of bipolar disorders used to be comparatively rare in the 1950s.q

true

Dysthymic disorder can be described as

low grade long term

One third of Americans take prescription drugs that increase the risk of depression.

true

Immersion in one’s local ecology may be an aspect of preventing depression.

true

In discussion the history of depression, Ehrenberg identifies ______ as cause of suffering.

illusion that evertyning is possible for an individual

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of agoraphobia?

• Being in a social situation with potential exposure to the scrutiny of others

Fear is always irrational.

false

There is no reason to believe that evolutionary factors play a role in the learning of specific phobias.

false

Generalized anxiety disorder makes people more susceptible to a number of physical diseases.

true

In the definition of the textbook anxiety refers to

• Something that is not present outside of your mind

Current research shows that generalized anxiety disorder seems to be the least heritable of all anxiety disorders and that aversive or traumatic experiences play a more significant role than in other anxiety disorders.

true

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of panic disorder?

feelings of being high

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?

experience of impending doom and daeth

In the definition of the textbook, fear refers to

• An event or stimulus in the present

Medication is not an option for anxiety disorders.

false

Anxiety disorders can be explained as an intra-action of biological and psychological vulnerabilities.

triue

Fears and anxieties in response to traumatic experiences are rational responses.

true

Research has established a connection between increases in anxiety and political values.

true

Both fear and anxiety have a similar neurophysiology

true

One interpretation of social anxiety disorder is that it is

• An exaggerated submissive gesture in situations that may lead to humiliation or loss of social status

Fear has no survival value and medication is always the appropriate therapeutic intervention.

false

Generalized anxiety disorder is predictive of other anxiety disorders.

true

One of the criteria for a specific phobia is that

• The fear is irrational and completely out of proportion to the potential danger

Repeated checking of locks in OCD is an

compulsion

In the definition of the textbook anxiety refers to

something will happen in the future

Cultural differences in self construction make no difference for either positive or negative dissociative processes.

false

The term “possession” refers to

The appearance of a different sense of self

The appearance of a different sense of self

One of the alternate terms for “trance” is

Integrative state of consciousness

One of the central differences in the uses of the term “possession trance” and “religious trance” is

The extent of the memory of the experience

Most human societies have or had ritual trance practices.

true

Possession experiences can never be positive.

false

The term “life-potentiating” refers to the

Beneficial effects of an experience

One of the major causes of dissociative identity disorder can be found in

Very early sexual and physical abuse

Continuity of the underlying self is one of the central diagnostic criteria for DID in the DSM.

false

Spiritual enlightenment, as described in Eastern traditions, is synonymous with depersonalization in psychological terms

false

Trance, in psychological terms, is

an alternate state of conciousness

The term “possession” refers to

• The appearance of a different sense of self

Which of the following is NOT a dimension in Krippner’s three-dimensional model of dissociation?

• Everyday reality vs. dream

Dissociative experiences are inevitably negative.

false

The fundamental process in DID is

fragmentation

One of the central differences in the uses of the term “possession trance” and “religious trance” is

exte nt of the memory of the experience

Spiritual enlightenment, as described in Eastern traditions, is synonymous with depersonalization in psychological terms

false

The term “life-potentiating” refers to the

beneficial effects of an experience

In Indigenous societies the appearance of different selves can be part of their cultural lives, for example through initiations.

true

While different integrated personalities are often part of the process of DID, the process of fragmentation is more central to understanding DID.

true

Continuity of the underlying self is one of the central diagnostic criteria for DID in the DSM.

false

Spiritual enlightenment, as described in Eastern traditions, may resemble depersonalization in appearance.

true

Chris Sizemore’s alters or subpersonalities showed markedly different physical symptoms and habits.

true

Krippner’s dimensional model of dissociative processes (awareness, control, etc.) presented in the textbook avoids pathologizing all dissociative processes.

true

In Western or Eurocentered cultures certain dissociative experiences are considered normal.

true

One of the alternate terms for “trance” is

integrateive state of conciousness

Individuals suffering from depersonalization

review section depersonalization-derealization

Dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders are fairly common.

false

Conversion disorder has a clear and well understood underlying neurological pattern.

false

Possession is an experience that can be learned and ritually controlled with beneficial results.

true

Dissociative and somatic symptom and related disorders are fairly common.

false

The cultural background and construction of self may make an important difference in how spiritual experiences are pursued and integrated.

true

Individuals suffering from depersonalization

• Do not experience the reality of their own selves

Dissociative experiences are inevitably negative.

false

The term “possession” refers to

appearsnce if different sense of self

Individuals suffering from derealization do not experience the external world as solid.

true

Possession is an experience that can be learned and ritually controlled with beneficial results.

true

Research with Western meditators has shown that overachievers with high levels of ambition and drive are most likely to achieve enlightenment and to integrate meditative experiences.

false

Trance, in psychological terms, is

alternate or altered state of consciousness

In dissociative amnesia the memory loss typically focuses on

stressful or traumatic event

The term “life-potentiating” refers to the

beneficial effects of an experience

Which of the following is NOT a dimension in Krippner’s three-dimensional model of dissociation?

• Everyday reality vs. dream

Most human societies have or had ritual trance practices.

true

One of the major causes of dissociative identity disorder can be found in

• Very early sexual and physical abuse

Continuity of the underlying self is one of the central diagnostic criteria for DID in the DSM.

false

Possession experiences can never be positive.

false

When a person loses memory of who they are, leave their home, and establish a different life in a new location this is called

dissociatieve fugue

While different integrated personalities are often part of the process of DID, the process of fragmentation is more central to understanding DID.

true

The fundamental process in DID is

fragmentation

Spiritual enlightenment, as described in Eastern traditions, may resemble depersonalization in appearance.

true

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of orthodox Western psychology?

the development of personal identity continues throughout life

The DSM has diagnostic categories that specifically address suffering resulting from one’s socio-cultural context.

radio_button_checked

False

false

Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions listed for understanding personality disorders?

interconnection

Character style is a more intense version of a personality disorder.

false

Character style refers to a relative absence of symptoms, “normal” or everyday suffering, and an awareness of discomforts and conflicts and is a weak reflection of descriptions of personality disorder.

true

Attraction refers to

sexual attraction

Being intersex and being transgender essentially means the same.

false

The term transgender refers to

Misalignment between biological sex assigned at birth and gender identity

In the patriarchal schema emotions and nature are associated with the ____________ and mental and public are associated with the ______________.

feminine, masculine

When a person has a strong desire to be of the other gender the likely DSM diagnosis is

gender dysphoria

When a person has a strong desire to be of the other gender the likely DSM diagnosis is

gender dysphoria

Biological sex refers to

sex assumed at birth

Transsexual and transgender are synonymous and mean essentially the same.

false

When a person has an erotic fixation on objects that are not sexual in nature, a possible DSM diagnosis would be (a)

paraphiliciac disorder

The cognitive-emotional attitude “I have no right to exist, the world is dangerous” is likely indicative of which personality disorder?

attachementand bonding develeopmentphase section

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of orthodox Western psychology?

human beings exist in interconnections with their surroundings environments

In the patriarchal schema emotions and nature are associated with the ____________ and mental and public are associated with the ______________.

feminine, masculine,

The diagnosis of a personality disorder requires

specific patterns of persistent,prolonged and chronic beliefs and behavior

Attraction refers to

sexual attraction

Paranoid personality disorder can be described as

profound, long term and unjustified convictions that other peopl are hostile, dangerous, and out to get them

When a person is sexually aroused from touching nonconsenting persons in crowds, a possible DSM diagnosis would be (a)

paraphiliac disorder

Avoidant personality disorder is part of which diagnostic cluster?

cluster c- anxious fearful personality disorders

Being intersex and being transgender essentially means the same.

false

Gender identity refers to

personal experience and definition of gender

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is part of which diagnostic cluster?

cluster c anxious fearful personality disorders

When a person derives intense sexual arousal from cross-dressing fantasies, a possible DSM diagnosis would be (a)

paraphiliac disorder

When a person derives sexual arousal from being bound or beaten, a possible DSM diagnosis would be (a)

paraphiliac disorder

The DSM has diagnostic categories that specifically address suffering resulting from one’s socio-cultural context.

false

Schizotypal personality disorder can be described as

need for social isolation, very different convictions and beliefs,sometimes odd behavior and dress

Borderline personality disorder can be described as

• fluctuating and unpredictable moods, often extreme; alternation between idealizing and devaluing; unstable and chaotic interpersonal relationships

The cognitive-emotional attitude “I have to control myself or I will totally lose control” is likely indicative of which personality disorder?

self and system development section

Attunement between caregiver and child supports the development of false self-structures.

false

People with schizoid issues often use dissociation as defense mechanism.

true

When a person has a strong desire to be rid of their primary or secondary sex characteristics, a possible DSM diagnosis would be (a)

gender dysphoria

Erich Fromm asserts that

any society has the obligation to serve the needs of their members

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is part of which diagnostic cluster?

cluster C

Character style is a more intense version of a personality disorder.

false

When a person has delayed ejaculation, a possible DSM diagnosis would be (a)

sexual dysfunction

The DSM has diagnostic categories that specifically address suffering resulting from one’s socio-cultural context.

false

Gender expression refers to

complexities gender and seuality section

Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions listed for understanding personality disorders?

interconnection

Borderline personality disorder can be described as

• fluctuating and unpredictable moods, often extreme; alternation between idealizing and devaluing; unstable and chaotic interpersonal relationships

When a person is sexually aroused from touching nonconsenting persons in crowds, a possible DSM diagnosis would be (a)

• Paraphiliac disorder

Avoidant personality disorder is part of which diagnostic cluster?

• Cluster C - anxious fearful personality disorders

The term transgender refers to

complexities section

When a person has a strong desire to be of the other gender the likely DSM diagnosis is

gender dysphoria

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of orthodox Western psychology?

• The development of personal identity continues throughout life.

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of orthodox Western psychology?

• Human beings exist in interconnection with their surrounding environment.

Predispositions for personality disorders can best be described as

combinations of genetics and trauma.

Obesity is a medical problem which is

significantly increasing worldwide

Obesity is one of the diagnostic categories for eating disorders in the DSM.

false

Based on current research evidence, which is most likely the central cause of obesity?

diet

Anorexia nervosa, as described and defined in the DSM, has always existed worldwide in this form, including in China and Hongkong.

false

Which of the following characterizes anorexia nervosa?

no recognition on how serious the weight loss is

The origins of human interest in drugs can be found in the Hippie Movement of the Haight Ashbury in San Francisco.

false

Almost one third of all people using prescription opioids misuse them.

true

The negative impact of drug use on the adolescent brain is practically identically to the impact on the adult brain.

false

All hallucinogens are highly addictive.

false

Research evidence supports the notion that MDMA (ecstasy) can be used beneficially in the treatment of PTSD.

true

Almost one third of all people using prescription opioids misuse them.

true

Obesity is one of the diagnostic categories for eating disorders in the DSM.

false

The casual and careless use of hallucinogens during the Hippie Movement in the Haight Ashbury in San Francisco (leading to casualties) is also typical among Amazonian tribes in traditional Indigenous settings.

false

Obesity is a medical problem which is

incraseing world wide

It is a myth that Coca-Cola actually contain cocaine in its early years.

false

Obesity is a medical condition.

true

Psilocybin has been in shown to be ineffective in the treatment of depression and cancer-related anxiety.

false

All hallucinogens are highly addictive.

false

Obesity does not have any relationship with income inequality.

false

The movie Killing Us Softly shows that

• Media images can be one of the factors in the development of eating disorders

The origins of human interest in drugs can be found in the Hippie Movement of the Haight Ashbury in San Francisco.

false

In bulimia nervosa the person its fewer calories than needed.

false

Anorexia nervosa, as described and defined in the DSM, has always existed worldwide in this form, including in China and Hong Kong.

false

Certain hallucinogens have been used beneficially for millennia in highly controlled cultural contexts.

true

Anorexia nervosa entered the available pool of symptoms only in recent decades in Hong Kong.

true

Which of the following is NOT among the criteria (pattern) for substance use disorders in the DSM?

• Recreational activities increase significantly

The cost of drug use disorders or addictions is in the

billions

The most important factor underlying the epidemic of obesity is the popularity and availability of processed, calorie-dense, high-sugar, and high-fat foods.

true

Research evidence supports the notion that MDMA (ecstasy) can be used beneficially in the treatment of PTSD.

true

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of bulimia nervosa?

use of sedatives

Normative assumptions, such as about gender and sexuality, can cause severe psychological suffering in individuals.

true

Miller claims that moral values have no place in mental health diagnosis.

false

The shift of framework from psychological fact (received view of science) to psychological phenomenon (intra-active view) means that evidence is less important.

false

Wilhelm Wundt’s vision of psychology was what we now see manifest in how experimental psychology is done.

false

The best translation of the word “pathology” is the study of deviance.

false

Most psychiatrists and psychologists use a model of severe psychological suffering based on intra-active psychology.

false

Most contemporary social theorists and futurists think that the major challenges for humanity can only be resolved within a worldview of interconnection.

true

Understanding the diagnostician and the diagnostic label as part of a phenomenon of severe psychological suffering is indicative of

got wrong

Wilhelm Wundt is the father of experimental psychology.

true

Which of the following are important within the intra-active psychology framework? Check all that apply.

ethical considerations

research methods and stricving fro objectivity

personal values

Culture-specific interventions and diagnoses are fundamentally useless for understanding severe psychological suffering.

false

Certain psychedelic or hallucinogenic substances have been shown to be effective in the treatment of (check all that apply).

got wrong

The labels “neurodiversity” and “neuroqueering” are

attempts to counter a pathologizing view of mental illness

The promise of the biomedical model of severe psychological suffering has finally come true.

false

Emergent diagnoses like “posttraumatic slave syndrome” or “nature deficit disorder” are attempts to

take account of socio cultural conditions and histories

Wilhelm Wundt has a vision of psychology that was reductionistic.

false

Within the received view of science depression would likely be described as

got wrong

For Indigenous peoples decolonial cultural practices mean

The assertion and validation of their own local and culturally specific practices

The Diagnostic Statistical Manual shows clearly how the classification of mental illness or severe psychological suffering is just like botanical classification.

false

Within the intra-active psychology framework depression would likely be described as

• The result of multiple causes

Understanding severe psychological suffering is a question of

• Understanding complex causal patterns

Emergent diagnoses like “posttraumatic slave syndrome” or “nature deficit disorder” are attempts to

• Take account of socio-cultural conditions and histories

An individualistic self and worldview likely will make the resolution of humanity’s current major challenges more difficult.

true

Understanding the diagnostician and the diagnostic label as part of a phenomenon of severe psychological suffering is indicative of

• An intra-active view guided by quantum theoretical assumptions

Within the received view of science depression would likely be described as

got wong

Miller claims that moral values have no place in mental health diagnosis.

false

Miller claims that the goal of defining “mental disorders” objectively is an illusion.

treu

Which of the following are important within the intra-active psychology framework? Check all that apply.

Ethical considerations

Critical thinking

Critical self-reflections of the researcher

Research methods and striving for objectivity

The shift of framework from psychological fact (received view of science) to psychological phenomenon (intra-active view) means that evidence is less important.

false

The best translation of the word “pathology” is the study of deviance.

false