front 1 Hours of darkness | back 1 Only one third of all driving is done at night, more than half of all fatal crashes occur during _________ |
front 2 Reaction distance | back 2 Reaction time remains the same, day or night. But, lack of light increases the time required to observe a hazard |
front 3 Field of vision | back 3 At night, peripheral vision decreases, less light narrows the field of vision |
front 4 Loss of visual cues | back 4 At night it is easy to lose visual cues, available during the day, which lowers the ability to judge distance |
front 5 Glare | back 5 Glare from oncoming drivers can temporarily blind a driver, human eyes adjust to the lack of light and use night vision. Needs time to readjust with sudden light changes |
front 6 Emergency lights | back 6 When driving in emergency mode, emergency lights can increase the amount of glare encountered |
front 7 You can use these techniques to improve your vision while driving at night: | back 7
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front 8 When drivers are backing up | back 8 Many crashes occur when? |
front 9 An officers safety skill | back 9 The ability to back a vehicle safely out of a particular location or situation is _______ |
front 10 Driven slowly to compensate for an increase in weight transfer and a decrease in the driver’s field of vision | back 10 In reverse, the vehicle should be ______ |
front 11 The rear brakes | back 11 _______ handle a great amount of weight transfer while driving in reverse, are not as efficient as the front brakes |
front 12 Less steering input to produce a larger change in direction | back 12 Driving in reverse requires what? |
front 13 Entering an intersection safely and properly at normal driving speeds and making a 90 degree turn to the right or left | back 13 Cornering requires what? |
front 14 Depends on traction | back 14 Control of a vehicle depends on what? |
front 15 Traction is | back 15 The result of the friction a vehicles tires create on the road surface. |
front 16 What is rolling friction? | back 16 When the tires constantly rotate on the road surface without losing contact |
front 17 What is a skid? | back 17 Results when the wheels lock and do not turn while the vehicle is moving. Both rolling friction and traction are lost |
front 18 What is a slide? | back 18 The wheels of a vehicle still rotate but they do not control the vehicles movement. Both rolling friction and traction are lost |
front 19 It may hydroplane, slide, or skid | back 19 When a vehicle rides on top of water on the roadway ________ |
front 20 What is counter steering? | back 20 Results when you turn the vehicles front tires in the direction you want to go, to retain traction |
front 21 Proper acceleration is best done when? | back 21 In a smooth, straight line using steady pressure |
front 22 What is an Incipient skid? (Braking) | back 22 Happens just before the tires lose traction during braking |
front 23 Anti lock blacking system (ABS) does what? | back 23 This system electronically prevents the wheels from locking by rapidly applying and releasing the brake while allowing the driver to remain in control |
front 24 To stop a vehicle equipped with ABS ____ | back 24 Quickly apply the brakes hard, to engage the ABS. You will feel the brake pedal pulsing |
front 25 What is eye targeting? | back 25 Looking in the desired direction of travel to avoid an obstacle and to avoid steering in the direction of the obstacle |
front 26 The caster effect is ______ | back 26 The tendency for a vehicle traveling forward to straighten from a turn when the driver releases the steering wheel |
front 27 The Florida Safety Belt Law requires _______ | back 27 The driver and anyone 18 or older who is a passenger in the front seat must be restrained by a safety belt |
front 28 Steering wheel grip happens when ____ | back 28 You hold the steering wheel with a firm yet relaxed grip |
front 29 When facing the steering wheel ____ | back 29 The top center of the wheel is in the 12 o’clock position. It is recommended that you place your right hand in the 4 o'clock position and your left hand in the 8 o’clock position |
front 30 Perform the shuffle steering technique to ___ | back 30 Make a right turn and a left turn. Driving in reverse does not involve shuffle steering |
front 31 What is wheel tracking? | back 31 Causes the rear wheels to follow a tighter path than the path the front wheels traveled in a turn (rear wheel tire tracking will never match front wheel tire tracking because rear tires do not steer) |
front 32 What is an understeer? | back 32 Happens wash a vehicle turns less sharply than the driver intends, may be a combination of excessive speed, lack of traction, and improper braking |
front 33 A constant radius is _____ | back 33 Is a turn that remains the same throughout, getting neither wider nor smaller |
front 34 An apex is ___ | back 34 The center point in any curve |
front 35 The early apexing technique is ___ | back 35 When a vehicle is steered so it is closest to the inside of a curve |
front 36 The center apexing technique is ___ | back 36 When a vehicle is steered closest to the middle of the curve |
front 37 The late apexing technique is ___ | back 37 When a vehicle is steered so it passes closest to the inside of the
curve after reaching the apex. |
front 38 Centripetal force is __ | back 38 The force that keeps a vehicle moving in a curved path and is directed INWARD towards the center of rotation |
front 39 Centrifugal force is ___ | back 39 The force that keeps a vehicle moving in a curved path and is directed OUTWARDLY away from the center of rotation |
front 40 Steering has a direct relationship with what? | back 40 Vehicle dynamics, vehicle handling, and traction control |
front 41 A radius is __ | back 41 The distance from the center of a circle to the outside |
front 42 What is an increasing radius? | back 42 A turn that gets wider during the turn, much like a curve getting larger |
front 43 What is a decreasing radius? | back 43 A turn that gets tighter during the turn, much like a circle getting smaller |
front 44 The tires of most law enforcement vehicles rest on ___ | back 44 Four, 6 inch squares |
front 45 Pitch occurs during __ | back 45 Acceleration or braking and causes the transfer of a vehicles weight from front to rear or rear to front |
front 46 What is a yaw? | back 46 The transfer of a vehicles weight causing an end for end motion, resulting in the vehicle turning 180 degree on a horizontal plane |
front 47 When a vehicle turns a corner ___ | back 47 Eight transfers towards the tires on the outside of the turn |
front 48 Always brake before ___ | back 48 Turning, and then steer into the turn |
front 49 Two second rule: | back 49 Establishes a minimum safe following distance for all vehicles and provides space and time for the driver to react to potential hazards (applies at the posted speed limit when weather and road conditions are good) |
front 50 Four second rule: | back 50 Four seconds are counted after the vehicle ahead passes a fixed object (situations include traveling at higher than normal rates of speed, driving during emergency responses, or traveling with other responding units) |
front 51 Frequently occurring crashes: | back 51
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front 52 May require officers to handle some problems themselves such as __ | back 52 Changing a tire or a bulb, or adding fluids, or to notify a particular shop that will repair the vehicle |
front 53 It is essential to __ | back 53 Inspect a vehicle before taking control of it and operating it on the road. You will drive your vehicle in extreme conditions. |
front 54 For personal safety __ | back 54 Perform inspections before and after every use of the vehicle |
front 55 Before using a vehicle, inspect ___ | back 55 It’s body to identify any damage |
front 56 Tires should be checked for ___ | back 56 Uneven wear that may result from improper balance or alignment, over inflation or under inflation |
front 57 Cuts in a tire can? | back 57 Also cause a blowout and should be observed and addressed |
front 58 If the front tire fails ____ | back 58 The vehicle may lose traction |
front 59 If the rear tire fails ___ | back 59 The vehicle may lose traction and pull in an unpredictable direction |
front 60 Fluid levels you should check: | back 60
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front 61 Belts should be checked for what? | back 61 Fraying, cuts, cracks and gouges |
front 62 Before and after every shift and after every transport ___ | back 62 Check under the back seat for possible weapons or contraband a suspect may have left |
front 63 Enhanced observation and driving skills ___ | back 63 Will help you when driving agency vehicles and carrying out your duties |
front 64 To prevent accidents: | back 64
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front 65 Vision supplies about ____ | back 65 90% to 95% of incoming data to a driver |
front 66 Depth perception: | back 66 Ability to judge distance and perceive space |
front 67 Peripheral vision: | back 67 Ability to see above, below, and to the sides |
front 68 Color vision: | back 68 Ability to distinguish colors |
front 69 Night vision: | back 69 Ability to see clearly in darkness |
front 70 Factors that affect vision? | back 70 Environmental, physical conditions, alertness and aging |
front 71 If they steering wheel pulls in one direction __ | back 71 The vehicle may have an alignment problem |
front 72 When you cannot avoid striking or driving over an obstacle ___ | back 72 Try to strike it at a slight angle with free rolling tires |
front 73 When you see fluid on the road ___ | back 73 Slow down and try to avoid driving over or through the hazard |
front 74 Acuity: | back 74 Sharpness of vision |
front 75 Check wires for ____ | back 75 Fraying, corrosion, cracked or missing insulation and exposure |
front 76 Tire inflation is measured by _____ | back 76 PSI, pounds per square inch |
front 77 During an inspection you will check __ | back 77 Proper fluid levels, hoses, electrical wiring, belts and tires |
front 78 Roll occurs when __ | back 78 The vehicle is turning, this shifts the vehicles weight from side to side |
front 79 What is an oversteer? | back 79 Happens when the vehicles steers into a sharper turn than the driver intends, sometimes with a loss of traction . Generally occurs at high speeds |
front 80 What is an incipient spin? (Acceleration) | back 80 Occurs Judy before the drive tires lose traction during acceleration |