Thorough cooking of food will prevent all of the following EXCEPT

staphylococcal food poisoning

Which of the following pertains to typhoid fever?

Causative microorganism multiplies in patient phagocytes

Aflatoxin is a(n) ________ associated with ingestion of contaminated ________.

mycotoxin; peanuts

What is a Dane particle?

the infectious virion that causes HBV

Situation 25.1

Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days).

In Situation 25.1, fecal samples should be cultured for all of the following EXCEPT

Giardia lamblia

A 38-year-old man had onset of fever, chills, nausea, and myalgia while vacationing on the Gulf of Mexico. On April 29, he had eaten raw oysters and gone wading in the warm coastal waters. On May 2, he was admitted to a hospital because of a fever of 39°C and two circular necrotic lesions on the left leg. He had a history of alcoholic liver disease. He was transferred to the ICU; therapy with antibiotics was initiated. On May 4, he died. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Vibrio vulnificus

Gums bleeding while brushing one's teeth is most commonly associated with

gingivitis

Which of the following helminthic diseases is a common infestation found in the southeastern United States?

Ascaris lumbricoides

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is usually preceded by

extended use of antibiotics

Which is true of the Mumps virus?

The portal of entry is the respiratory route

A young child received a red-eared slider turtle as a birthday gift. Within a week the child was suffering from a severe gastroenteritis that required a visit to urgent care. What is the child likely suffering from?

salmonellosis

Which of the following is directly involved in the initiation of dental caries?

lactic acid

All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT

Clostridium perfringens

Which one of the following diseases of the gastrointestinal system is transmitted by the respiratory route?

mumps

Poultry products are a likely source of infection by

Salmonella enterica

In humans, beef tapeworm infestations are acquired by ingesting

cysticerci of Taenia saginata in undercooked meat

Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via undercooked pork and horse?

Trichinella spiralis

The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is

Escherichia coli

Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it

possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl

Which structure or component of the small intestine is important to antimicrobial defense?

Paneth cells

All of the following are eukaryotic organisms that cause diarrheal disease EXCEPT

Campylobacter

Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the

small intestine and large intestine

Which of the following is mismatched?

Echinococcus granulosus – most benign of human tapeworm infections

Which of the following causes inflammation of the liver?

hepatitis A virus

The digestive tract is essentially one long tube. The order of the structures, beginning with the mouth, is

pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.

Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by

contaminated food and water

Which of the following is mismatched?

eggs – Trichinella spiralis

A vaccine to provide active immunity to HBV is prepared from

genetically modified yeast.

Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is FALSE?

It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes.

Typhoid fever differs from salmonellosis in that in typhoid fever

the organism is only spread in the feces of humans.

All of the following infections can result from drinking contaminated water EXCEPT

trichinellosis

A rushed homemaker prepared a stew from a large cut of beef but the family only consumed a small portion for dinner. The still-hot large pot was placed in the refrigerator overnight. The next day the stew was warmed for lunch. By the evening the entire family was suffering from varying degrees of diarrhea, abdominal cramping and nausea. You most likely suspect the culprit of this event is

C. perfringes.

Food Relative Risk

Black beans 0.58

Corn soup 0.75

Jalapeño peppers 34.13

Roma tomatoes 5.40
The relative risks shown in Table 25.1 were calculated for foods suspected of transmitting Salmonella. Which food is the most likely source of infection?

jalapeño peppers

Acute gastroenteritis that occurs after an incubation period of two to three days, persists for about a week, and commonly affects children is probably caused by

rotavirus.

Dental plaque is an example of

biofilm

Situation 25.1

Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days).

In Situation 25.1, fecal samples were found to be negative when cultured. The next step in diagnosing the cause of illness would be

microscopic examination of feces for oocysts.