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Chapter 17

front 1 Renaissance	back 1 a period of European History, The Renaissance involves the European History.
front 2 humanism	back 2 A renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements. Humanism was studied to understand Greek values.
front 3 secular	back 3 concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters. Under Gregory became a secular.
front 4 patron	back 4 A person who supports artists, especially financially. Many church leaders became Patrons during the Renaissance.

front 5 perspective	back 5 an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface. A lot of artists like to use perspective art.
front 6 vernacular	back 6 the everyday language of people in a region or country. The vernacular language of this country is english.
front 7 utopia	back 7 an imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia
front 8 William Shakespeare	back 8 The most famous writer of the Elizabeth Age all time. William Shakespeare was regarded as the greatest play-writer of all time

front 9 Johann Gutenberg	back 9 A craftsman from Mainz, Germany, who developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way.
front 10 indulgence	back 10 a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin.
front 11 Reformation	back 11 a 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that reject the pope's authority.
front 12 Lutheran	back 12 a member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther.

front 13 Protestant	back 13 a member of a Christian church founded on the principals of the reformation
front 14 Peace of Augsburg	back 14 a 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler.
front 15 annul	back 15 to cancel or set aside. The pope could annual Henry's marriage.
front 16 Anglican	back 16 Relating to the church of England.

front 17 predestination	back 17 the doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand , including which people will be eternally saved.
front 18 Calvinism	back 18 a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. John's ideas were taught in Calvinism.
front 19 theocracy	back 19 a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure. A government controlled by religious leaders is theocracy too.
front 20 Presbyterian	back 20 a member of a Protestant church governed by presbyters(Elders). Presbyterian was founded on the teachings of John Knox.

front 21 Anabaptist	back 21 a member of Protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in separation of church and state. Anabaptist was in the Reformation.
front 22 Catholic Reformation	back 22 a movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation. The Catholic Reformation was during the 16th century.
front 23 Jesuits	back 23 members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola.
front 24 Council of Trent	back 24 a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul 3 to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers.