front 1 A deficiency of which hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus? | back 1 Antidiuretic hormone |
front 2 The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is | back 2 Thyroxine |
front 3 The effects of this hormone oppose aldosterone. | back 3 Atrial natriuretic peptide |
front 4 Cushing's disease results from an excess of | back 4 Glucocorticoids |
front 5 Hormonal actions on cells affect all of the following except | back 5 Thickness of the plasma membrane |
front 6 The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ. | back 6 Endrocrine |
front 7 The humoral control of hormone release may be triggered which of the following factors? | back 7 blood level of an ion like calcium |
front 8 The interstitial endocrine cells of the testes produce | back 8 testosterone |
front 9 The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is | back 9 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
front 10 Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger? | back 10 cyclic AMP |
front 11 Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called | back 11 Megakararyocytes |
front 12 Tissue factor is a factor in the ________ pathway. | back 12 Extrinsic |
front 13 A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to | back 13 Cause clot dissolution to proceed faster |
front 14 Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood? | back 14 reticulocytes |
front 15 A fibrin network that contains trapped blood cells and platelets is called a(n) | back 15 Blood clot |
front 16 The function of hemoglobin is to | back 16 Carry dissolved blood gases |
front 17 Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? | back 17 Vitamin B12 deficiency |
front 18 A moving blood clot is called a(n) | back 18 Embolus |
front 19 Blood that has clotting proteins removed is termed | back 19 Serum |
front 20 Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes? | back 20 Produce antibodies in response to antigens |
front 21 Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it | back 21 is a component of the hypothalamus |
front 22 The majority of thyroid hormones are secreted as ________ but small amounts of ________ is also secreted from the follicle. | back 22 T4;T3 |
front 23 Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones? | back 23 catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids |
front 24 Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones? | back 24 androgens |
front 25 Which of the following is true of the endocrine system? | back 25 It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions. |
front 26 The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is | back 26 LH |
front 27 If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry? | back 27 both an increase in insulin and an increase in glucose |
front 28 The hormone related to appetite control is | back 28 Leptin |
front 29 Which is not a component of the RAAS and does not contribute to blood volume and electrolyte homeostasis? | back 29 Androgens |
front 30 The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be caused by | back 30 increased levels of melatonin |
front 31 Hormones known as "catecholamines" are | back 31 <span>derivitives of the amino acid tyrosine</span> |
front 32 Abnormally low production of LH and FSH results in | back 32 hypogonadism. |
front 33 A kinase is an enzyme that performs | back 33 <span>phosphorylation</span> |
front 34 After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, | back 34 gene transcription is initiated. |
front 35 The humoral control of hormone release may be triggered which of the following factors? | back 35 blood level of an ion like calcium |
front 36 A hormone might | back 36 alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it |
front 37 One cause for insulin resistance in non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetes is | back 37 insulin receptor down-regulation |
front 38 Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ________ that acts on the hypothalamus. | back 38 Leptin |
front 39 A patient is receiving exogenous cortisol in the form of hydrocortisone shots for a sinus infection. Their natural adrenal secretion of cortisol will decrease due to negative feedback on the ________ reducing the secretion of ________. | back 39 anterior pituitary; ACTH |
front 40 The interstitial endocrine cells of the testes produce | back 40 Testosterone |
front 41 Type 2 diabetes | back 41 can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication. |
front 42 A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is | back 42 Parathyroid hormone |
front 43 Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells? | back 43 erythropoietin |
front 44 The function of red blood cells is to | back 44 carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide |
front 45 When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin it is termed | back 45 carbaminohemoglobin |
front 46 In an emergency situation, a patient may be given plasma expanders while blood typing occurs. The plasma expanders are used to | back 46 increase blood volume and maintain osmolarity. |
front 47 Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? | back 47 metalloprotein (carries metal ion) |
front 48 Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations. | back 48 colony-stimulating factors |
front 49 When hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to hemoglobin it is termed | back 49 no data |
front 50 Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics? | back 50 RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies |
front 51 Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron? | back 51 Ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin |
front 52 The hormone that stimulates platelet formation is | back 52 Thrombopoietin |
front 53 Plasma is closest in composition to | back 53 interstitial fluid |
front 54 A cross-match test is performed between donor blood and recipient blood, even though the ABO and Rh blood types match between the two because | back 54 here are many more surface antigens on red blood cells other than A, B and Rh. |
front 55 A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because | back 55 the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin. |
front 56 The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is | back 56 Plasminogen |
front 57 ________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. | back 57 Monocytes |
front 58 Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? | back 58 Liver |
front 59 A small white blood cell with a large round nucleus would be a | back 59 lymphocyte (monocyte is a large cell) |
front 60 Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is | back 60 recycled to the red bone marrow. |
front 61 How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation? | back 61 Coagulation would be prevented (needed in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways) |
front 62 The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if | back 62 a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal |
front 63 The primary reason males have a higher hematocrit than females is because | back 63 Males have androgens. |
front 64 Which feature of WBCs makes them particularly important in tissue injury? | back 64 They can squeeze out through blood vessel walls into tissues. |
front 65 Surgical removal of the stomach could cause | back 65 pernicious anemia. |
front 66 Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation. | back 66 erythrocytes |
front 67 The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the | back 67 Neutrophils |
front 68 If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected? | back 68 The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes. |
front 69 Calculate the cardiac output of a patient with a heart rate of 100 beats/minute and a stroke volume of 75 ml. | back 69 7500 ml/min |
front 70 A patient has an end-diastolic volume of 125 ml. A heart attack has weakened her left ventricle so it can pump a stroke volume of only 40 ml. Calculate her end-systolic volume. | back 70 85 ml |
front 71 Positive inotropic drugs such as glucagon and thyroid hormone cause | back 71 increased contractility. |
front 72 The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day. | back 72 8,000 |
front 73 Which of the following describes what is directly measured by an ECG? | back 73 electrical conduction |
front 74 The left ventricle pumps blood to the | back 74 systemic circuit, lungs |
front 75 These structures keep the aortic valve cusps from sticking to the wall of the aorta. | back 75 no data |
front 76 Hypertension increases ________ causing stroke volume to ________. | back 76 afterload;decrease |
front 77 Stroke volume depends on all of the following factors except | back 77 end-systolic volume |
front 78 At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. | back 78 Subclavian |
front 79 The blood vessel that supplies blood to the cerebral arterial circle from the posterior is the ________ artery. | back 79 basilar |
front 80 Which of the following contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein? | back 80 anterior and posterior tibial and fibular |
front 81 The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called | back 81 veins |
front 82 Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by | back 82 large non-diffusible proteins in blood plasma |
front 83 The most common site of a stroke is the | back 83 no data |
front 84 The regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed is called | back 84 autoregulation |
front 85 In response to hemorrhage, there is | back 85 mobilization of the venous reserve |
front 86 Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. | back 86 reduces; increases |
front 87 The blood vessel that supplies blood to the cerebral arterial circle from the posterior is the ________ artery. | back 87 basilar |
front 88 Which of the following is not a cardiovascular modification present during fetal development? | back 88 ligamentum arteriosum |
front 89 Arteries that supply the plantar portion of the foot branch from the posterior ________ artery. | back 89 tibial |
front 90 The ________ carries nutrient-rich blood into the liver. | back 90 hepatic portal vein |
front 91 The smallest arterial branches are called the | back 91 precapillary arterioles |
front 92 Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the ________ vein(s). | back 92 small saphenous |
front 93 Blood pressure is determined by | back 93 estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff |
front 94 The blood vessel that carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________ artery. | back 94 subclavian |
front 95 Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased | back 95 parasympathetic stimulation of the heart |
front 96 Distension of the superficial veins caused by weakened valves is termed | back 96 varicose veins |
front 97 Elderly individuals are more prone than younger individuals to have all of the following, except | back 97 Increased elasticity of vessel walls |
front 98 Which of the following vessels changes diameter most readily to local conditions or SNS stimulation? | back 98 arterioles |
front 99 Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? | back 99 venules |
front 100 Near the level of vertebra L 4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries. | back 100 common iliac |
front 101 What is the primary reason cardiovascular disease affects older women and not younger women? | back 101 Older women lack estrogen |
front 102 Which of the following contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein? | back 102 anterior and posterior tibial and fibular |
front 103 Multiple arteries joined in order to serve a single capillary network are called | back 103 collaterals |
front 104 An important pulse point in the neck on the lateral sides of the trachea is the | back 104 brachial |
front 105 The ________ receives blood from the diaphragm. | back 105 no data |
front 106 All of the following conditions change peripheral resistance by affecting blood viscosity except | back 106 atherosclerosis |
front 107 Which of the these blood vessels is not a visceral branch of the thoracic aorta? | back 107 3 branches are Esophageal Arteries |
front 108 The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. | back 108 bicupsid valve (mitral) |
front 109 The bicuspid or mitral valve is located | back 109 between the left atrium and left ventricle |
front 110 The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle when the semilunar valve closes is the | back 110 end-systolic volume (ESV) |
front 111 The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from | back 111 depolarization of the atria |
front 112 The ________ is a remnant of an important fetal blood vessel that once linked the pulmonary and systemic circuits. | back 112 ligamentum arteriosum |
front 113 Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit? | back 113 right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium |
front 114 The following are structural components of the conducting system of
the heart. | back 114 SA node AV node AV bundle bundle branches Purkinje fibers |
front 115 A slower-than-normal heart rate is called | back 115 bradycardia |
front 116 The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the | back 116 interatrial septum |
front 117 The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the | back 117 Base |
front 118 The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow | back 118 In one direction only |
front 119 The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the | back 119 foramen ovale |
front 120 Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase? | back 120 beta-one receptor |
front 121 The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the | back 121 Lungs |
front 122 Positive inotropic drugs such as glucagon and thyroid hormone cause | back 122 increased contractility |
front 123 There are ________ pulmonary veins. | back 123 4 |
front 124 The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day. | back 124 8000 |
front 125 The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated
with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood
entering from the systemic circulation? | back 125 Venae cava right atrium right ventricle pulmonary trunk pulmonary vein left atrium left ventricle aorta |
front 126 The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole. | back 126 end-diastolic volume |
front 127 Which of the following is occurring during ventricular diastole? | back 127 The ventricles are passively filling and atria are contracting |
front 128 Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing. | back 128 QRS complex |
front 129 Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systole? | back 129 Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve |
front 130 Cardiac output is increased by | back 130 Sympathetic stimulation |
front 131 Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles? | back 131 The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle. |
front 132 Each IgG has ________ binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants. | back 132 2 |
front 133 The movement of phagocytes through the capillary wall is called | back 133 diapedesis. |
front 134 ________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen. | back 134 tolerance |
front 135 Various types of macrophages are derived from | back 135 Monocytes |
front 136 ________ are fixed macrophages found in the liver. | back 136 Kupffer cells |
front 137 ________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine. | back 137 Peyer's patches |
front 138 Martha had a heart transplant. In order to keep her body from rejecting the transplant she takes | back 138 immunosuppressive drugs |
front 139 Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity. | back 139 Innate |
front 140 Class II MHC molecules are found on which of the following? | back 140 macrophages AND dendritic cells. |
front 141 The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the | back 141 alveoli |
front 142 The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract includes the | back 142 Alveoli |
front 143 The ________ fissure separates the lobes of the left lung. | back 143 oblique |
front 144 The laryngeal cartilage which is not composed of hyaline cartilage is the | back 144 epiglottis. |
front 145 The ________ is lined by stratified squamous epithelium. | back 145 oropharynx |
front 146 Under quiet conditions, blood returning to the heart retains about ________ of its oxygen content. | back 146 75% |
front 147 The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the | back 147 Pharynx |
front 148 The apneustic centers of the pons | back 148 no data |
front 149 The auditory tubes open into the | back 149 Nasopharynx |
front 150 Lymphatic capillaries are not found in | back 150 central nervous system, red bone marrow, vascular tissue, or portion of the spleen. |
front 151 If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of | back 151 T-cells |
front 152 Which of the following is not a lymphocyte? | back 152 Monocytes |
front 153 An infection and inflammation of the aggregated lymphatic nodules in the pharynx is called | back 153 tonsillitis. |
front 154 CD8 markers are to ________ T cells as CD4 markers are to ________ T cells. | back 154 cytoxic; helper |
front 155 The portions of an antigen to which antibodies bind are the | back 155 antigenic determinant sites |
front 156 Large lymphatic vessels have a wall structure most similar to which blood vessel? | back 156 Veins |
front 157 Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the | back 157 thoracic duct. |
front 158 Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are | back 158 IgG |
front 159 Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are | back 159 IgM |
front 160 Various types of macrophages are derived from | back 160 monocytes |
front 161 Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except | back 161 Complement (body hair, epithelium, secretions, basement membranes) |
front 162 Martha had a heart transplant. In order to keep her body from rejecting the transplant she takes | back 162 immunosuppressive drugs |
front 163 Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by | back 163 adaptive immunity |
front 164 An accumulation of lymph in a region where lymphatic drainage has been blocked is called | back 164 lymphedema |
front 165 An important protein in the activation of the alternative pathway of complement activation is | back 165 no data |
front 166 Helper T cells do all of the following except | back 166 provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen. |
front 167 If the disulfide bonds in IgG were broken, how many peptide chains would be set free? | back 167 4 |
front 168 Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells. | back 168 cytotoxic T |
front 169 Specialized lymphatic capillaries called lacteals are | back 169 necessary for the transport of dietary lipids |
front 170 In passive immunity, the | back 170 no data |
front 171 Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. | back 171 naturally acquired active |
front 172 Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphatic nodule. | back 172 Germinal Center |
front 173 A substance that provokes an immune response is called an | back 173 Antigen |
front 174 During exercise, which of the following contract for active exhalation? | back 174 rectus abdominis and internal |
front 175 Which pressure remains negative throughout the respiratory cycle? | back 175 Intrapleural |
front 176 JJ is suffering from laryngitis. He will most likely experience which of the following symptoms? | back 176 Hoarseness |
front 177 Which of these is not part of the upper respiratory system? | back 177 Trachea |
front 178 conchae | back 178 divide the nasal cavity into right and left sides. |
front 179 ________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle. | back 179 Tidal volume |
front 180 Which of the following descriptions best matches the term external intercostal? | back 180 Primary muscle of inspiration |
front 181 The chloride shift occurs in order to | back 181 Transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma |
front 182 The pneumotaxic center of the pons | back 182 modifies the rate and depth of breathing |
front 183 The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the | back 183 oropharynx |
front 184 Alveolar ventilation refers to the | back 184 movement of air into and out of the alveoli |
front 185 Henry's law states that | back 185 the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure. |
front 186 Roughly ________ terminal bronchioles arise from each segmental bronchus. | back 186 6500 |
front 187 Which of the following descriptions best matches the term bronchiolar smooth muscle? | back 187 contraction increases airway resistance |
front 188 A pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production are the | back 188 Vocal folds |
front 189 A condition that increases lung compliance is | back 189 emphysema |
front 190 An important component of the lamina propria in the upper respiratory system is | back 190 Mucus glands |
front 191 Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known? | back 191 minute volume |
front 192 Carbon dioxide and water combine to form | back 192 Carbonic acid |
front 193 Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center. | back 193 Apneustic |
front 194 How does the pressure "P4" at label "4" compare to the pressure "P5" at label "5"? | back 194 P4 is always lower than P5 |
front 195 A SCUBA diver has been deep underwater and suddenly rises to the surface too fast. Why does the diver get decompression sickness? | back 195 Pressure decreases to fast and nitrogen gas in the blood forms bubbles. |
front 196 The superior region of the pharynx is called the | back 196 Nasopharynx |
front 197 Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is | back 197 Less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low |
front 198 The entire array of protective mechanisms in the respiratory system is called the | back 198 Respiratory defense system |
front 199 G cells of the stomach secrete | back 199 gastrin |
front 200 Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in | back 200 Swallowing |
front 201 Motility in the small intestines is controlled in part by all of the following except | back 201 VIP |
front 202 The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the | back 202 Vestibule |
front 203 An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is | back 203 Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) |
front 204 If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably | back 204 Lactose |
front 205 ________ are also known as canines. | back 205 Cuspids |
front 206 The formation of GTP from GDP in the citric acid cycle is an example of | back 206 substrate-level phosphorylation |
front 207 Intermediary molecules that accept electrons and transfer them to another molecule are called | back 207 coenzymes |
front 208 Lipids | back 208 no data |
front 209 In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose that is catabolized gives a net yield of how many molecules of ATP? | back 209 2 |
front 210 Lipogenesis is common for organic molecules because the intermediate ________ is formed in most nutrient metabolic processes. | back 210 acetyl-CoA |
front 211 The strategy of eating starchy foods for several days before an athletic event is known as | back 211 carbohydrate loading. |
front 212 Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called ________ fatty acids. | back 212 Essential |
front 213 The condition when excessive fluid loss from sweating disrupts thermoregulatory mechanisms is known as | back 213 heat exhaustion |
front 214 What is the role of NADH in metabolism? | back 214 transport hydrogen atoms to coenzymes in the mitochondrial cristae |
front 215 Obesity is defined as a body weight more than ________ percent above the ideal body weight for an individual. | back 215 20 |
front 216 The cells of the macula densa, the juxtaglomerular cells, and the extraglomerular mesangial cells form the | back 216 juxtaglomerular complex |
front 217 The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the | back 217 Distal convoluted tubule |
front 218 One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to | back 218 Increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex |
front 219 Major calyces are | back 219 the large branches of the renal pelvis |
front 220 The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries. | back 220 peritubular |
front 221 Damage to the glomerular filtration membrane allowing proteins into the capsular space would result in all of the following except | back 221 a decrease in capsular hydrostatic pressure |
front 222 The process that transports solutes, including many drugs, into the tubular fluid is called | back 222 secretion |
front 223 Which of the following is a not a true statement regarding the countercurrent multiplication system? | back 223 Osmotic concentration in the nephron loop decreases as fluid flows toward the bottom of the loop |
front 224 The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the | back 224 Renal pelvis |
front 225 Urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the | back 225 Urethra |
front 226 The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the | back 226 Falciform ligament |
front 227 The oral cavity is also known as the ________ cavity. | back 227 Buccal |
front 228 An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is | back 228 Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) |
front 229 A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the | back 229 stomach |
front 230 Bile is stored in the | back 230 Gallbladder |
front 231 Match the gastric phase on the left (1-3) with the correct
description on the right (4-6): | back 231 no data |
front 232 The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the | back 232 Body |
front 233 Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials? | back 233 Large Intestine |
front 234 The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the | back 234 Gingiva |
front 235 Circular folds are | back 235 no data |
front 236 Which of the following is true regarding the production of intestinal juice? | back 236 Local reflects and parasympathetic stimulation increase the production of intestinal juice |
front 237 A surgical procedure to promote rapid weight loss is removal of most of the | back 237 Jejunum |
front 238 The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium. | back 238 stratified squamous |
front 239 There are normally a total of ________ permanent teeth. | back 239 32 |
front 240 The root of a tooth is covered by | back 240 Cementum |
front 241 Peyer's patches are characteristic of the | back 241 small intestine |
front 242 Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? | back 242 manufacturing blood cells |
front 243 Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from | back 243 parasympathetic stimulation |
front 244 Leptin is to satiety as ________ is to hunger. | back 244 insulin |
front 245 All of the following are true of beta-oxidation except that | back 245 lipids are converted into glycogen molecules. |
front 246 The study of the flow of energy and its transformations is called | back 246 energetics |
front 247 The element that is necessary for the proper function of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase is | back 247 Zinc |
front 248 The citric acid cycle occurs in the | back 248 no data |
front 249 A high uric acid level (above 7.4 mg/dl) can lead to the painful condition known as | back 249 Gout |
front 250 An ion that is a necessary component of high-energy compounds and nucleic acids and a structural component of bone is the ________ ion. | back 250 Phosphate |
front 251 The chemical equation that correctly summarizes the overall reaction in oxidative phosphorylation is | back 251 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O. |
front 252 All of the following occur when the temperature of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus drops below its thermostat setting except | back 252 blood flow to the skin increases. |
front 253 In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose that is catabolized gives a net yield of how many molecules of ATP? | back 253 2 |
front 254 Fatty acids and many amino acids cannot be used for ________ because their catabolic pathways produce acetyl-CoA. | back 254 gluconeogenesis |
front 255 Major calyces are | back 255 no data |
front 256 Prolonged aldosterone stimulation of the distal convoluted tubule may result in | back 256 hypokalemia |
front 257 Urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the | back 257 urethra |
front 258 The proximal convoluted tubule cells are | back 258 cuboidal cells with microvilli. |
front 259 Calculate filtration pressure (FP) in a nephron with a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 55 mm Hg, a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg, and a capsular hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg. | back 259 FP=15mmHg |
front 260 A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to all of the following except | back 260 All are correct |
front 261 The cells of the macula densa, the juxtaglomerular cells, and the extraglomerular mesangial cells form the | back 261 juxtaglomerular complex |
front 262 Glomerulonephritis may occur as a consequence of an infection with the bacterium | back 262 Streptococcus. |
front 263 The ________ is a capillary bed that parallels the nephron loop (loop of Henle). | back 263 vasa recta |
front 264 The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the | back 264 renal pelvis |
front 265 An important structure for blood pressure regulation is the | back 265 Juxtaglomenlar complex |
front 266 A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. | back 266 absence of ADH. |
front 267 The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the
kidney. In what order does blood pass through these vessels starting
at the renal artery? | back 267 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8 |
front 268 Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the | back 268 Renal corpuscle |
front 269 The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is | back 269 renal failure |
front 270 Glomerular blood flow is unique because it flows | back 270 From arteriole to capillary bed to arteriole |
front 271 The concentration at which all of the carriers in renal tubules for a given substance are saturated is the | back 271 no data |
front 272 Functions of the urinary system include all of the following except | back 272 regulating body temperature |
front 273 The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium, chloride, and | back 273 sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate |
front 274 Which of the following statements regarding fluid and electrolyte balance is true? | back 274 water and electrolytes occur in compartments in which the composition of fluid varies |
front 275 A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of | back 275 chronic respiratory acidosis. |
front 276 The two major subdivisions of the ECF are the | back 276 interstitial fluid and plasma |
front 277 Amino acids in solution contain both a negative and positive charge and thus are termed a(n) | back 277 Zwitterions |
front 278 Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone | back 278 parathyroid hormone |
front 279 The normal pH range for ECF is | back 279 7.35-7.45 |
front 280 When pure water is consumed, | back 280 osmolarities of the two-fluid |
front 281 When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, the kidneys | back 281 kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions AND kidneys excrete fewer bicarbonate ions |
front 282 The principal cation in intracellular fluid is | back 282 potassium |
front 283 The vulva includes all of the following except the | back 283 Vagina |
front 284 The space bounded by the labia minora is the | back 284 Vestibule |
front 285 Which of the following statements concerning the vagina is false? | back 285 It loses a portion of its lining during menses. |
front 286 The portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is called the | back 286 Cervix |
front 287 The delicate layer of serous membrane that covers the testis is called the | back 287 tunica vaginalis |
front 288 The pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the | back 288 aerola |
front 289 The spermatic cord is | back 289 a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis |
front 290 Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of the reproductive cancers because it | back 290 is usually not diagnosed early |
front 291 The hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis in males is | back 291 FSH |
front 292 During gastrulation, | back 292 two layered embryo (epiblast and hypoblast) is converted into 3 primary embryonic germ layers |
front 293 The ________ is formed by the allantois, blood vessels, and yolk sac. | back 293 Umbilical cord |
front 294 The stage of labor during which the fetus emerges from the vagina is called the ________ stage. | back 294 Expulsion |
front 295 If fertilization occurs, the ________ is maintained because the embryo secretes ________. | back 295 corpus luteum; human chorionic gonadotrophin |
front 296 If an individual carries two different alleles for the same trait, the individual is ________ for the trait. | back 296 heterozygous |
front 297 Which of the following places the stages of labor in the correct order? | back 297 Dilation, Expulsion, |
front 298 In ________, implantation occurs somewhere other than in the uterus. | back 298 ectopic pregnancy |
front 299 After fertilization, the first cell division is completed | back 299 more than a day later 32 hours |
front 300 The clear liquid secreted by the mammary glands before milk production begins is called | back 300 Colostrum |
front 301 The placenta is a source of all of the following hormones, except | back 301 hCG |
front 302 The uterine epithelium is broken down by which structure of the blastocyst? | back 302 syncytiotrophoblast |
front 303 How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain? | back 303 46 |
front 304 How many chromosomes do human gametes contain? | back 304 23 |
front 305 Oxygenated blood from the placenta returns to the fetus in the | back 305 umbilical vein |
front 306 The primary nutrient source for early embryonic development that later becomes an important site for blood formation is the | back 306 Yolk sac |
front 307 The cell that directly results from the fusion of a secondary oocyte and a single sperm is called a(n) | back 307 zygote. |
front 308 The first stage of labor is the ________ stage. | back 308 Dilation |
front 309 The ________ is the portion of the endometrium not in contact with the chorion. | back 309 parietal decidua |
front 310 During gestation, contraction of the myometrium is inhibited by ________, produced by the corpus luteum. | back 310 progesterone |
front 311 The uterine epithelium is broken down by the enzyme, | back 311 hyaluronidase. |
front 312 The ________ is formed by the allantois, blood vessels, and yolk sac. | back 312 umbilical cord |
front 313 The space bounded by the labia minora is the | back 313 Vestibule |
front 314 The ________ of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization. | back 314 acrosome |
front 315 The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the | back 315 Penis |
front 316 Which of the following statements about oogenesis is false? | back 316 The polar body is the egg cell which is then fertilized by the sperm cell. |
front 317 Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which
sperm pass from the testis to the external urethral orifice. | back 317 4,1,3,2 |
front 318 The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the | back 318 Foreskin |
front 319 Semen contains all of the following except | back 319 spermatogonia |
front 320 Why are inguinal hernias generally associated with males? | back 320 Males have a canal through the abdominal wall that the testes move through, and it often does not close up properly |
front 321 Contraction of the dartos muscle | back 321 tightens the scrotal sac. |
front 322 In a 28 day cycle, ovulation typically occurs around day | back 322 Day 14 |
front 323 The pocket formed between the uterus and the posterior wall of the bladder is the | back 323 Rectourterine Pouch |
front 324 Which region of the uterine tube captures the ovum? | back 324 infundibulum |
front 325 Which of the following statements concerning the vagina is False | back 325 It loses a portion of its lining during menses. |
front 326 Painful menstruation is called | back 326 Dysmenorrhea |
front 327 The subsidence of an erection after ejaculation is known as | back 327 Detumescence |
front 328 The main portion of the uterus is called the corpus or | back 328 Body |
front 329 The portion of the urethra that penetrates the urogenital diaphragm is the | back 329 Membranous urethra |
front 330 The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following except | back 330 secrete testosterone. |
front 331 The ________ ligaments extend from the base of the uterus and vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis. | back 331 Lateral |
front 332 The round ligaments extend from the | back 332 lateral margins of the uterus, through the inguinal canal to the external genitalia |
front 333 The role of inhibin in male reproduction is to | back 333 no data |
front 334 The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by meiosis I are called | back 334 secondary spermatocytes |
front 335 The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the | back 335 Uterus |
front 336 The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called | back 336 meiosis |
front 337 Which hormone affects the osmolarity of blood? | back 337 Antidiuretic hormone |
front 338 Substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called | back 338 electrolytes |
front 339 Which of the following statements is false regarding fluid and electrolyte balance? | back 339 no data |
front 340 Exchange between the two main subdivisions of ECF occurs primarily at the | back 340 capillaries |
front 341 All of the following are examples of compensatory mechanisms that would occur as a result of metabolic acidosis except | back 341 kidneys retain H+. |
front 342 A person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop | back 342 metabolic acidosis. |
front 343 Which hormone does <span>not</span> play a role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance? | back 343 no data |
front 344 The typical value of water losses and gains each day is | back 344 2500 mL |
front 345 Amino acids in solution contain both a negative and positive charge and thus are termed a(n) | back 345 zwitterion |
front 346 A(n) ________ acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere. | back 346 volatile |
front 347 Water molecules move across cells by | back 347 osmosis |
front 348 A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of | back 348 chronic respiratory acidosis |
front 349 A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n) | back 349 buffer |