front 5

Michael believes that he will be able to improve his public speaking skills after completing a speech course at school. Based on social-cognitive theory, one might observe that Michael is not lacking in:

a. ​ arrogance and grandiosity.
b. i​ntelligence.
c. s​elf­efficacy.
d. c​ognitive functioning.

c

The general goals of behavior therapy are:

a. ​ fostering self-actualization.
b. ​ expanding self-understanding and insight.
c. ​ assisting clients in making value judgments concerning their behavior.
d. ​ to increase personal choice and to create new conditions for learning.

d

Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy?

a. ​ The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals.
b. ​ The relationship is considered collaborative.
c. ​ Therapist and client work together in a warm and flexible manner.
d. ​ The therapeutic relationship is an important factor in treatment outcomes.

a

All of the following are functions of the behavior therapist, except:​

a. ​ to provide modeling for the client.
b. ​ to provide a direct and therapist run therapeutic environment.
c. ​ to assess specific behavior problems.
d. ​ to provide reinforcement for clients.

b

Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behavior therapy?

a. ​ Dialectical behavior therapy
b. ​ Relaxation training
c. ​ Acceptance and commitment therapy
d. ​ Mindfulness based cognitive therapy

b

Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy?

a. ​ The client must be an active participant.
b. ​ The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.
c. ​ If clients are not involved or motivated, the chances are slim that therapy will be successful.
d. ​ Both therapist and client need to work together for common goals.

b

All of the following are true about social skills training except:

a. ​ it is a psychoeducational approach to interpersonal growth.
b. ​ it involves modeling and direct instruction and coaching.
c. ​ it uses role playing exercises to simulate social situations.
d. ​ it requires clients to engage in catharsis.

d

Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences?

a. A​ssertive training
b. O​perant conditioning
c. ​Systematic desensitization
d. ​ Social reinforcement

c

Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called:

a. ​ functional assessment.
b. ​ motivational interviewing.
c. ​ mindfulness-based stress reduction.
d. ​ reorientation.

a

In the ABC model, the A stands for:

a. ​arbitrary behaviors.
b. ​antecedents.
c. a​ctions.
d. ​assessment.

b

Which statement is not true?

a. ​ Because cognitive factors have a place in the practice of behavior therapy, techniques from this approach can be used to attain humanistic ends.
b. ​ Contemporary behavior therapy is grounded on a scientific view of human behavior.
c. ​ Behavioral methods can be applied to a diverse client population.
d. ​ Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with therapists' behavioral control.

d

Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy?

a. ​ Treatment goals are specific and concrete.
b. ​ It is grounded in learning theory.
c. ​ Many specific techniques are supported by research.
d. ​ The therapist is manipulative and controlling.

d

Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling?

a. J​oseph Wolpe
b. H​ans Eysenck
c. E​. Jacobson
d. A​lbert Bandura

d

B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach?

a. ​ Classical conditioning
b. ​ Operant conditioning
c. ​ Multimodal therapy
d. ​ Dialectical behavior therapy

b

Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting?

a. ​ They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questioning.
b. ​ They focus on using a variety of techniques in narrowly treating specific behavioral problems.
c. ​ They complete a formal assessment prior to treatment to determine behaviors that are targets for change.
d.​ They serve as a model for the client and do not require behavioral change in the client.

d

Phil has been in behavior therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until:​

a. ​ Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear.
b. ​ Phil agrees to take up sky diving as a hobby.
c. ​ Phil has absolutely no fear of heights, which may be measured by his willingness to move to one of the top floors of a skyscraper.
d. ​ Phil acknowledges his fear.

a

What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program?

a. ​ Exploration of one's family constellation
b. S​electing goals
c. S​elf­monitoring
d. ​A self-reinforcement system

a

__________ is a comprehensive, systematic, holistic approach to behavior therapy developed by the late Arnold Lazarus.

a. ​ Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
b. ​Social skills training
c. ​ Self-management
d. ​Multimodal therapy

d

Which of the following is true about 'technical eclecticism' in multimodal therapy?

a. ​ Therapists borrow techniques exclusively from the social learning model.
b. ​ Therapists use techniques from a variety of theories to a wide range of problems.
c. ​ The client is fit into a predetermined treatment.
d. ​ It is considered confusing to the client.

b

In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy:

a. ​ does not address this issue.
b. ​ is ethically neutral in that it does not dictate whose behavior or what behavior should be changed.
c. ​ offers a greater chance of abusing interventions than do other approaches.
d. ​ makes use of techniques that have questionable validity.

b

Which of the following behavior therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model, doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy?

a. B​andura
b. L​inehan
c. W​olpe
d. J​acobson

a

Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and operant conditioning?

a. ​ A focus on experimental analysis
b. ​ A focus on evaluating therapeutic procedures
c. ​ Developing procedures that give control to clients and thus increase their range of freedom
d. ​ The integration of mindfulness approaches as a basic part of any treatment procedure

c

Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on:

a. ​ cognitive behavior therapy.
b. ​ social cognitive learning theory.
c. ​ applied behavior analysis.
d. ​operant conditioning.

b

Behavior therapy has been criticized for a variety of reasons. Which of the following is one listed in the book?

a. ​ Behavior therapy has an overemphasis on feeling and the neglect of cognition.
b. ​ Behavior therapy has an overemphasis upon insight.
c. ​ Behavior therapy may change behaviors, but it does not change feelings.
d. ​ Behavior therapy has a need for long-term treatment to effect change.

c

During the 1980s, behavior therapy:​

a. ​ continued without growing.
b. ​ was characterized by a search for new horizons in concepts and methods that went beyond traditional learning theory.
c. ​ adopted a stronger medical perspective.
d. ​ realized applying behavior therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness would not be beneficial.

b

M​indfulness is:

a. ​ the awareness that emerges through having attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally, to the unfolding or experience moment by moment.
b. ​ the assessment process in multimodal therapy.
c. ​ under the idea that change can be brought about by teaching people to use coping skills in problematic situations.
d. ​ not beneficial for clients with behavioral problems.

a

Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of:

a. ​ classical conditioning.
b. ​ operant conditioning.
c. ​modeling.
d. ​ motivational interviewing.

a

The situation in which behaviors are influenced mainly by the consequences that follow them is:

a. c​lassical conditioning.
b. o​perant conditioning.
c. m​odeling.
d. f​looding.

b

front 33

_____________ involves the escape from or the avoidance of unpleasant stimuli.

a. N​egative reinforcement
b. P​ositive reinforcement
c. P​unishment
d. S​ystematic desensitization

a

In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among the following is not one of the modules listed in the text?

a. ​ Mindfulness
b. ​ Interpersonal effectiveness
c. ​Emotional regulation
d. ​ Relapse prevention

d

_________ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy.

a. A​lbert Bandura
b. J​oseph Wolpe
c. B​.F. Skinner
d. A​rnold Lazarus

d

All of the following are characteristics of the behavioral approaches except:

a. ​ behavior therapy relies on the principles and procedures of the scientific method.
b. ​ behavior therapy specifies treatment goals in concrete and objective terms.
c. ​ behavior therapy focuses on the client's current problems and the factors influencing them.
d. ​ behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior.

d

All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for:

a. ​ hypnosis.
b. ​ relaxation training.
c. ​ the development of an anxiety hierarchy.
d. ​ psychoeducation.

a

Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but:

a. y​oga.
b. f​looding.
c. ​ body scan meditation.
d. ​ formal and informal meditation.

b

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) integrates techniques from:

a. ​ multimodal therapy and mindfulness.
b. ​mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy.
c. ​ motivational interviewing and mindfulness.
d. ​yoga, systematic desensitization, and mindfulness.

b

In vivo flooding consists of:

a. ​ brief and graduated series of exposures to feared events.
b. ​ exposure to actual anxiety-evoking events rather than simply imagining these situations.
c. ​ imagined exposure to fearful experiences paired with muscle relaxation.
d. ​ guided use of mindfulness techniques.

b

true or false

Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure.

false

true or false

Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.​

true

true or false

A criticism of behavior therapy is that it treats symptoms rather than causes problems.​

true

true or false

Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.​

false

true or false

The third generation (or 'third wave') of behavior therapy emphasizes considerations that were considered off limits for behavior therapists until recently.​

true

true or false

Modeling methods have been used in treating people with anger management issues and in teaching new behaviors to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

true

true or false

A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking in behavior.

true

true or false

In regards to third-generation behavior therapies, one of the core themes is creating a life worth living.​

true

true or false

A behavior therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of obtaining important information related to the client’s problem.

true

true or false

Albert Bandura is directly responsible for promoting the “third wave” of behavior therapy. ​

false

true or false

Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one’s thoughts.​

false

true or false

Third-generation behavior therapies center around five interrelated core themes.​

true

true or false

Behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic pain.

true

true or false

There is no place for the role of thinking process and attitudes in contemporary behavior therapy.​

false

true or false

Behavior therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.​

true

true or false

Dialectical behavior therapy integrates behavioral techniques with psychoanalytic concepts and mindfulness training of Eastern psychological and spiritual practices.​

true

true or false

Behavior therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behavior change to occur.​

true

true or false

In mindfulness practice, clients train themselves to intentionally focus on their “past experience with acceptance.”​

false

true or false

Through mindfulness exercises, veterans may be better able to observe repetitive negative thinking and prevent extensive engagement with maladaptive ruminative processes.​

true

true or false

Evidence-based therapies are a hallmark of both behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.​

true

true or false

Dialectical behavior therapy requires both individual and group treatment.​

true

true or false

Behavior therapy groups employ a long-term treatment model.​

false

true or false

Acceptance and commitment therapy is an example of a mindfulness based approach.​

true

true or false

Mindfulness shows promise across a broad range of clinical problems, including the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, relationship problems, substance abuse, and psychophysiological disorders. ​

true

true or false

There is little empirical support for acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).​

false

true or false

Behavior therapy practitioners focus on directly observable behavior, current determinants of behavior, learning experiences that promote change, tailoring treatment strategies to individual clients, and rigorous assessment and evaluation.​

true

true or false

Acceptance is one of the third‐generation behavior therapies’ five interrelated core themes.​

false

true or false

In acceptance and commitment therapy, values are a basic part; however, the work does not depend on what an individual wants and values.​

false

true or false

Progressive muscle relaxation has become increasingly popular as a method of teaching people to cope with stresses produced by daily living.​

true

true or false

Many therapeutic approaches are incorporating mindfulness and meditation, as well as other contemplative practices, in the counseling process.​

true