front 1 ___ is the lining of the marrow cavity | back 1 endosteum |
front 2 ____ are cells that can dissolve the bony matrix | back 2 osteoclasts |
front 3 ___ are layers of bone matrix | back 3 lamellae |
front 4 ____ are small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone | back 4 canaliculi |
front 5 ___ are cells that can build bony matrix | back 5 osteoblasts |
front 6 ____ : facet
| back 6 vertebrae |
front 7 ___ : ramus
| back 7 mandible |
front 8 ___ : trochanter
| back 8 femur |
front 9 ___ : ischial spine
| back 9 coxal bone |
front 10 ___ : foramen
| back 10 occipital bone |
front 11 The structural unit of cancellous bone tissue is called ____. | back 11 trabeculae |
front 12 Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
| back 12 calcitonin |
front 13 PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
| back 13 calcitriol |
front 14 Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)
| back 14 increase osteoblasts on bone |
front 15 Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
| back 15 calcitriol |
front 16 ___ is an incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children.
| back 16 greenstick |
front 17 ___ : bone fragments into many pieces
| back 17 comminuted |
front 18 ___: common sports fracture resulting from a twist force
| back 18 spiral |
front 19 Which type of cartilage is NOT properly matched with its function?
| back 19 skeletal cartilage; reinforce airways |
front 20 The pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. Choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch.
| back 20 fibrocartilage |
front 21 Which pairing is NOT correct?
| back 21 axial skeleton; bones of the limbs |
front 22 Spongy bone contains ____
| back 22 trabeculae |
front 23 Choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient.
| back 23 hip bone |
front 24 Select the bone disorder in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones?
| back 24 osteoporosis |
front 25 At what age do bones reach their peak density?
| back 25 early adulthood |
front 26 Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following?
| back 26 18 year old male |
front 27 Cranial bones develop ________.
| back 27 within fibrous membranes |
front 28 Description of nonaxial movement
| back 28
|
front 29 Description of other types of movement
| back 29
|
front 30 In uniaxial movement at the elbow joint, the movement allowed is ____ and _____ | back 30 flexion, extension |
front 31 Examples of uniaxial movement permitted at the surfaces of bones can be found at these two articulations, _____ and _____. | back 31 distal humerus to proximal ulna ,proximal ulna to radius. |
front 32 The atlas to axis joint would exhibit _____ | back 32 rotation |
front 33 A cylinder-shaped bone articulating with a trough- shaped bone would exhibit ____ and ____ | back 33 flexion, extension |
front 34 Which of the following represents a correct statement about multiaxial joints?
| back 34 Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint |
front 35 The Focus Figure of Synovial Joints has examined a number of types of movement and the joints in which they are located. Review the types you have studied, and select a true statement or characteristic of uniaxial movement in a representative joint.
| back 35 A person curls his or her fingers and the phalanges flex at the interphalangeal joints.Submit |
front 36 Which of the following is true about the shoulder joint?
| back 36 The glenohumeral joint is more mobile, making it less stable. |
front 37 An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?"
| back 37 the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal |
front 38 Which joint does NOT belong with the others?
| back 38 wrist |
front 39 Which functional group has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement?
| back 39 agonists |
front 40 Which of the following muscles is named for its origin and insertion?
| back 40 sternocleidomastoid |
front 41 Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?
| back 41 convergent arrangement of fascicles: fan shaped muscle |
front 42 Most skeletal muscles of the body act in ________.
| back 42 third-class lever systems |
front 43 The major head flexor muscles are the ________.
| back 43 sternocleidomastoid muscles |
front 44 The main forearm extensor is the ________.
| back 44 triceps brachii |
front 45 The ________ muscles compress the cheeks to help keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth while chewing.
| back 45 buccinator |
front 46 Which is(are) the most important muscle(s) of inspiration (inhalation)?
| back 46 diaphragm |
front 47 Which of the following is a hamstring muscle?
| back 47 biceps femoris |
front 48 Which of the following muscles is innervated by the phrenic nerve?
| back 48 diaphragm |
front 49 A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________.
| back 49 adduction |
front 50 Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________.
| back 50 abduction |
front 51 The prime mover of hip extension is the __________.
| back 51 gluteus maximus |
front 52 The tensor fascia latae is involved in hip __________.
| back 52 abduction |
front 53 Muscles that act on the knee joint form most of the mass of the __________.
| back 53 thigh |
front 54 To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint.
| back 54 popliteus |
front 55 ___: Muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle.
| back 55 antagonist |
front 56 Muscle that stabilizes the origin of another muscle.
| back 56 fixator |
front 57 Muscle that is primarily responsible for bringing about a particular movement
| back 57 agonist |
front 58 muscle that aids another by promoting the same movement.
| back 58 synergist |
front 59 muscles are only able to pull, they never push T/F | back 59 true |
front 60 Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles?
| back 60 whether the muscle is controlled by the involuntary or voluntary nervous system |
front 61 Which is CORRECTLY matched?
| back 61 rectus: straight |
front 62 When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?
| back 62 The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively. |
front 63 The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?
| back 63 The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region. |
front 64 If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.
| back 64 load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end |
front 65 What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?
| back 65 the total number of muscle cells available for contraction |
front 66 What is the major factor controlling how levers work?
| back 66 the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrumSubmit |
front 67 What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?
| back 67 power levers |
front 68 Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage. True/False | back 68 True |
front 69 Which of the following joint problems is the result of an autoimmune problem?
| back 69 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |
front 70 A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint. True/False | back 70 true |
front 71 Which of the following are correctly matched?
| back 71 osteoarthritis; chronic degenerative joint disease |
front 72 Dislocation of a joint is a common orthopedic problem. Which of these joints is MOST likely to be dislocated?
| back 72 Shoulder (glenohumeral)Submit |
front 73 Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target?
| back 73 ulnar collateral ligament |
front 74 ![]() which structure in the figure is the primary area of degeneration in osetoarthritis? | back 74 B |
front 75 Which of the following conditions is joint inflammation or degeneration accompanied by stiffness, pain, and swelling?
| back 75 arthritis |
front 76 In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.
| back 76 flexion |
front 77 Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators. True/False | back 77 true |
front 78 Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles?
| back 78 the nervous system's control of the muscle |
front 79 Which of the following muscles is named for its action?
| back 79 adductor longus |
front 80 Which of the following are correctly matched?
| back 80 convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle |
front 81 The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power. True/False | back 81 true |
front 82 A wheelbarrow is a good example of a second-class lever. True/False | back 82 true |
front 83 If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?
| back 83 third-class lever |