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Exam 2 A&P 1

front 1 ___ is the lining of the marrow cavity	back 1 endosteum
front 2 ____ are cells that can dissolve the bony matrix	back 2 osteoclasts
front 3 ___ are layers of bone matrix	back 3 lamellae
front 4 ____ are small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone	back 4 canaliculi

front 5 ___ are cells that can build bony matrix	back 5 osteoblasts
front 6 ____ : facet vertebrae mandible femur coxal bone occipital bone	back 6 vertebrae
front 7 ___ : ramus vertebrae mandible femur coxal bone occipital bone	back 7 mandible
front 8 ___ : trochanter vertebrae mandible femur coxal bone occipital bone	back 8 femur

front 9 ___ : ischial spine vertebrae mandible femur coxal bone occipital bone	back 9 coxal bone
front 10 ___ : foramen vertebrae mandible femur coxal bone occipital bone	back 10 occipital bone
front 11 The structural unit of cancellous bone tissue is called ____.	back 11 trabeculae
front 12 Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? calcitriol calcitonin parathyroid hormone (PTH) thyroid hormones	back 12 calcitonin

front 13 PTH promotes the formation of which hormone? calcitriol calcitonin vitamin D thyroid hormones	back 13 calcitriol
front 14 Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?) increase osteoblasts on bone increase osteoclasts increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney	back 14 increase osteoblasts on bone
front 15 Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels? calcitriol PTH calcitonin	back 15 calcitriol
front 16 ___ is an incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children. greenstick comminuted spiral	back 16 greenstick

front 17 ___ : bone fragments into many pieces greenstick comminuted spiral	back 17 comminuted
front 18 ___: common sports fracture resulting from a twist force greenstick comminuted spiral	back 18 spiral
front 19 Which type of cartilage is NOT properly matched with its function? elastic cartilage; withstand repetitive bending fibrocartilage; withstand pressure and stretch hyaline cartilage; cover the ends of bones skeletal cartilage; reinforce airways	back 19 skeletal cartilage; reinforce airways
front 20 The pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. Choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch. hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage elastic cartilage bone	back 20 fibrocartilage

front 21 Which pairing is NOT correct? appendicular skeleton; limb girdles axial skeleton; bones of the limbs appendicular skeleton; used during movement axial skeleton; supports internal organs	back 21 axial skeleton; bones of the limbs
front 22 Spongy bone contains ____ trabeculae osseous lamellae lamellar bone osteons	back 22 trabeculae
front 23 Choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient. head of humerus hip bone medullary cavity of femur frontal bone	back 23 hip bone
front 24 Select the bone disorder in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones? Paget's disease rickets osteomalacia osteoporosis	back 24 osteoporosis

front 25 At what age do bones reach their peak density? early childhood at birth early adulthood late adulthood	back 25 early adulthood
front 26 Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following? 25 year old female 8 year old female 18 year old male 60 year old male	back 26 18 year old male
front 27 Cranial bones develop ________. within osseous membranes from cartilage models from a tendon within fibrous membranes	back 27 within fibrous membranes
front 28 Description of nonaxial movement Flat bones sliding past one another Movement between adjacent carpal bones Rotation of a bone on one axis Flexion at the elbow Vertebral processes gliding past one another	back 28 Flat bones sliding past one another Movement between adjacent carpal bones Vertebral processes gliding past one another

front 29 Description of other types of movement Flat bones sliding past one another Movement between adjacent carpal bones Rotation of a bone on one axis Flexion at the elbow Vertebral processes gliding past one another	back 29 Rotation of a bone on one axis Flexion at the elbow
front 30 In uniaxial movement at the elbow joint, the movement allowed is ____ and _____	back 30 flexion, extension
front 31 Examples of uniaxial movement permitted at the surfaces of bones can be found at these two articulations, _____ and _____.	back 31 distal humerus to proximal ulna ,proximal ulna to radius.
front 32 The atlas to axis joint would exhibit _____	back 32 rotation

front 33 A cylinder-shaped bone articulating with a trough- shaped bone would exhibit ____ and ____	back 33 flexion, extension
front 34 Which of the following represents a correct statement about multiaxial joints? The shapes of articulating surfaces in the multiaxial joint are a cylindrical bone in a trough. Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint. The rounded end of the proximal metacarpal fitting into the distal surface of the carpal bone of the wrist is a classic ball-and-socket joint. The ball-and-socket joint permits only one angular motion.	back 34 Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint
front 35 The Focus Figure of Synovial Joints has examined a number of types of movement and the joints in which they are located. Review the types you have studied, and select a true statement or characteristic of uniaxial movement in a representative joint. A person bends over and his or her vertebral processes move past one another. The dancer's leg is lifted to a ballet bar. A golfer swings at the ball on the tee. A person curls his or her fingers and the phalanges flex at the interphalangeal joints.Submit	back 35 A person curls his or her fingers and the phalanges flex at the interphalangeal joints.Submit
front 36 Which of the following is true about the shoulder joint? Ligaments surround the glenohumeral joint on all sides and strengthen the joint. Many muscles cross the glenohumeral joint and limit the mobility of the joint. The glenohumeral joint is more mobile, making it less stable. The deepness of the glenoid strengthens the joint overall.	back 36 The glenohumeral joint is more mobile, making it less stable.

front 37 An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?" the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal the additional joint present doubles the range of motion greater than normal production of serous fluid lubricates the joint and extends it articular cartilage at bone ends is replaced with hyaline cartilage	back 37 the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal
front 38 Which joint does NOT belong with the others? interphalangeal (toes) wrist ankle elbow	back 38 wrist
front 39 Which functional group has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement? fixators antagonists agonists synergists	back 39 agonists
front 40 Which of the following muscles is named for its origin and insertion? deltoid trapezius sternocleidomastoid gluteus maximus	back 40 sternocleidomastoid

front 41 Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched? circular arrangement of fascicles: describes the deltoid muscle convergent arrangement of fascicles: fan shaped muscle parallel arrangement of fascicles: characteristic of sphincter muscles pennate arrangement of fascicles: spindle-shaped muscle	back 41 convergent arrangement of fascicles: fan shaped muscle
front 42 Most skeletal muscles of the body act in ________. first-class lever systems power lever systems second-class lever systems third-class lever systems	back 42 third-class lever systems
front 43 The major head flexor muscles are the ________. sternocleidomastoid muscles erector spinae muscles pectoralis major muscles scalene muscles	back 43 sternocleidomastoid muscles
front 44 The main forearm extensor is the ________. biceps brachii supinator triceps brachii palmaris longus	back 44 triceps brachii

front 45 The ________ muscles compress the cheeks to help keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth while chewing. temporalis medial pterygoid buccinator masseter	back 45 buccinator
front 46 Which is(are) the most important muscle(s) of inspiration (inhalation)? external intercostals internal intercostals diaphragm rectus abdominis	back 46 diaphragm
front 47 Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? vastus lateralis vastus medialis rectus femoris biceps femoris	back 47 biceps femoris
front 48 Which of the following muscles is innervated by the phrenic nerve? diaphragm internal intercostals sternocleidomastoid muscles external intercostals	back 48 diaphragm

front 49 A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________. extension abduction adduction flexion	back 49 adduction
front 50 Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________. flexion extension abduction adduction	back 50 abduction
front 51 The prime mover of hip extension is the __________. gluteus maximus gracilis adductor magnus pectineus	back 51 gluteus maximus
front 52 The tensor fascia latae is involved in hip __________. lateral rotation adduction extension abduction	back 52 abduction

front 53 Muscles that act on the knee joint form most of the mass of the __________. knee thigh calf hip	back 53 thigh
front 54 To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint. biceps femoris popliteus semimembranosus sartorius	back 54 popliteus
front 55 ___: Muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle. antagonist fixator agonist synergist	back 55 antagonist
front 56 Muscle that stabilizes the origin of another muscle. antagonist fixator agonist synergist	back 56 fixator

front 57 Muscle that is primarily responsible for bringing about a particular movement antagonist fixator agonist synergist	back 57 agonist
front 58 muscle that aids another by promoting the same movement. antagonist fixator agonist synergist	back 58 synergist
front 59 muscles are only able to pull, they never push T/F	back 59 true
front 60 Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles? the locations of the muscle attachments the shape of the muscle the location of the muscle whether the muscle is controlled by the involuntary or voluntary nervous system	back 60 whether the muscle is controlled by the involuntary or voluntary nervous system

front 61 Which is CORRECTLY matched? deltoid: at a right angle to the long axis brevis: long rectus: straight transverse: parallel to the long axis	back 61 rectus: straight
front 62 When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle? The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively. The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively. The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively. The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively.	back 62 The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
front 63 The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean? The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint. The muscle flexes and rotates a region. The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region. The muscle functions as a synergist.	back 63 The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.
front 64 If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________. lever system is useless load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum	back 64 load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end

front 65 What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle? the shape the total number of muscle cells available for contraction the length the number of neurons innervating it	back 65 the total number of muscle cells available for contraction
front 66 What is the major factor controlling how levers work? the direction the load is being moved the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever the weight of the load the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum	back 66 the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrumSubmit
front 67 What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called? functional levers dysfunctional levers power levers speed levers	back 67 power levers
front 68 Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage. True/False	back 68 True

front 69 Which of the following joint problems is the result of an autoimmune problem? Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Tendonitis Osteoarthritis Bursitis	back 69 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
front 70 A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint. True/False	back 70 true
front 71 Which of the following are correctly matched? osteoarthritis; chronic degenerative joint disease tendonitis; inflammation of the joint gout; inflammation of the tendons bursitis; uric acid crystals in the joint	back 71 osteoarthritis; chronic degenerative joint disease
front 72 Dislocation of a joint is a common orthopedic problem. Which of these joints is MOST likely to be dislocated? Pubic symphysis Hip (coxal) Sacroiliac Shoulder (glenohumeral)	back 72 Shoulder (glenohumeral)Submit

front 73 Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target? ulnar collateral ligament lateral ligament anular ligament acetabular labrum	back 73 ulnar collateral ligament
front 74 which structure in the figure is the primary area of degeneration in osetoarthritis?	back 74 B
front 75 Which of the following conditions is joint inflammation or degeneration accompanied by stiffness, pain, and swelling? Lyme disease osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis arthritis	back 75 arthritis
front 76 In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________. flexion extension adduction abduction	back 76 flexion

front 77 Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators. True/False	back 77 true
front 78 Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles? the nervous system's control of the muscle the locations of the muscle attachments the location of the muscle the number of origins for the muscle the shape of the muscle	back 78 the nervous system's control of the muscle
front 79 Which of the following muscles is named for its action? adductor longus gluteus minimus frontalis biceps brachii	back 79 adductor longus
front 80 Which of the following are correctly matched? parallel arrangement of fascicles; characteristic of sphincter muscles circular arrangement of fascicles; describes the deltoid muscle pennate arrangement of fascicles; spindle-shaped muscle convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle	back 80 convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle

front 81 The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power. True/False	back 81 true
front 82 A wheelbarrow is a good example of a second-class lever. True/False	back 82 true
front 83 If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF? first-class lever second-class lever third-class lever fourth-class lever	back 83 third-class lever