front 1 Prokaryote | back 1 prenucleus |
front 2 Eukaryote | back 2 True nucleus (ex: humans) |
front 3 Bacillus | back 3 Rod Shaped |
front 4 Coccus | back 4 Spherical |
front 5 Pairs | back 5 Diplococci/Diplobacilli |
front 6 Cluster | back 6 Staphylococci |
front 7 Group of Four | back 7 Tetrad |
front 8 Glycocalyx | back 8 1. external to cell wall 2. made of polysaccharid and polypeptide |
front 9 Two types of glycocalyx | back 9 Capsule and slime layer |
front 10 Capsule | back 10 Neatly organized and attached |
front 11 Slime Layer | back 11 unorganized and loose |
front 12 Three parts of the Flagella | back 12 Filament and hook |
front 13 Filament | back 13 Outtermost region |
front 14 Hook | back 14 Attaches to filament |
front 15 Fimbriae | back 15 Hairlike appendages that allow for attachment |
front 16 Pili | back 16 Involved in motility (gliding and twitching) |
front 17 Conjugation pili | back 17 involved in DNA transfer from one cell to another |
front 18 Peptidoglycan | back 18 Only found in bacteria. |
front 19 NAG | back 19 N-acetylglucosamine - multiple layers |
front 20 NAM | back 20 N-acetylmuramic acid - multiple layers |
front 21 Teichoic Acids | back 21 Gulible for antibiotics and apart of the gram-positive cell walls |
front 22 Mycoplasmas | back 22 Lack cell walls |
front 23 Protoplast | back 23 is a wall-less gram positive cell |
front 24 Spheroplast | back 24 wall-less gram negative cell |
front 25 Phosphate Heads | back 25 Hydrophilic (water loving) |
front 26 Selective Permeability | back 26 Allows the passage of some molecules, but not others. |
front 27 Passive Processes | back 27 Substances move from high concentration to low concentration; no energy expended. |
front 28 Active Processes | back 28 Substances move from low concentration to high concentration; energy expended. (water is a universal solvent) |
front 29 Simple Diffusion | back 29 Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
front 30 Facilitated Diffusion | back 30 Solute Combines with a transporter protein in the membrane. |
front 31 Osmosis | back 31 Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water to an area of low water concentration. |
front 32 Isotonic Osmosis | back 32 Solute concentrations equal inside and outside of cell; water is at equilibrium. |
front 33 Hypotonic Solution | back 33 Solute concentration is LOWER outside than inside the cell; water moves into cell. |
front 34 Hypertonic Solution | back 34 Solute concentration is HIGHER outside of the cell than inside; water moves out of cell. |
front 35 Phosphoenolpyruvic Acid (PEP) | back 35 needed in an active transport |
front 36 Endospores | back 36 Seen only in the bacterium. Cannot be killed. |
front 37 Sporulation | back 37 Endospore formation |
front 38 Germination | back 38 Endospore returns to vegetative state |
front 39 Flagella | back 39 Long projections; few in number. |
front 40 Cilia | back 40 Short Projections, numerous. |
front 41 Endocytosis | back 41 Phagocytosis and pinocytosis |
front 42 Phagocytosis | back 42 Pseudopods extend and engulf particles |
front 43 Pinocytosis | back 43 Membrane folds inward, bringing in fluid and dissolved substances. |
front 44 Cytoplasm | back 44 Substance inside the plasma and outside the nucleus |
front 45 Cytosol | back 45 Fluid portion of cytoplasm |
front 46 Cytoskeleton | back 46 Made of microfilaments and intermediate filaments; gives shape and support. |
front 47 Cytoplasmic Streaming | back 47 Movement of the cytoplasm throughout the cell. |
front 48 Nuclear Envelope | back 48 Double Membrane Structure |
front 49 DNA is complexed with histone proteins to form what? | back 49 Chromatin |
front 50 During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin condenses into what? | back 50 Chromosomes |
front 51 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | back 51 Studded with ribosomes, sites of protein synthesis. |
front 52 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | back 52 No ribosomes, synthesizes the cell membranes, fats and hormones. |
front 53 What makes up the Mitochondria? | back 53 Cristae - inner folds Matrix - Fluid |
front 54 Thylakoids | back 54 Flattened Membranes |