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Anatomy and Physiology 2, Exam 2

front 1

Anti diuretic hormone acts on ___________, to retain water, which in turn ___________ blood volume and pressure

back 1

kidney, increase

front 2

Aldosterone acts on the kidney to retain ____________, which in turn __________ blood volume & pressure

back 2

salt, increase

front 3

this hormone initiates the signaling process when blood pressure is reduced to the kidney

back 3

renin

front 4

Anti-Diuretic Hormone is released by the _________.

back 4

pituitary gland

front 5

Aldosterone is released by the ___________.

back 5

adrenal gland

front 6

Angiotensin II is released by the ___________.

back 6

liver

front 7

Atrial Naturitic Peptide is released by the ___________.

back 7

atria of heart

front 8

Renin is released by the _____________.

back 8

kidney

front 9

Which hormones increase blood pressure by increasing blood volume?

back 9

aldosterone and anti-diuretic hormone

front 10

Which hormone decreases blood pressure by vasodilation?

back 10

atrial naturitic peptide

front 11

Increasing cardiac output (increases/decreases) mean arterial pressure

back 11

increases

- cardiac output is the amount of blood your heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute

- when your heart is beating both faster and stronger cardiac output increases

-MAP is the average arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle. perfusion pressure seen by the organs in the body

front 12

if water is retained by the body, as in the case of vasopressin, blood pressure tends to

back 12

increases

front 13

if the heart is stimulated by epinephrine, a sympathetic hormone, blood vessel diameter(increases/decreases) in size.

back 13

decreases, because epinephrine increases vasoconstriction

front 14

if preload increases due to a decrease in compliance in large veins, blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit (increases/decreases)

back 14

increases, because force is increasing

front 15

Nitric Oxide (NO) is released constantly by endothelium in vessels; when released it causes diameter of the vessel to (increase/decrease)

back 15

increase

- NO is a vasodilator

front 16

impaired lung function due to hypo-ventilation causes a decrease in circulation oxygen, increase in carbon dioxide, and decrease in PH. These factors lead to activation of vessels by causing a(n) (increase/decrease) in blood pressure.

back 16

increase; sympathetic ANS stimulated

front 17

during inflammation, mast cells release histamine, which causes localized vessel changes that (increase/decrease) blood flow and (increase/decrease) blood pressure at the site of infection

back 17

increase, decrease

front 18

platelets are actively involved in blood clotting. During this process, they release thromboxane A2, which causes local vessel diameter to (increase/decrease) which causes blood flow at the site to (increase/decrease)

back 18

decrease (constrict), decrease

front 19

if there is an increase in inotropy, than there is an increase in stroke volume that leads to changes in cardiac output and subsequently (increase/decrease) blood pressure

back 19

increase

- inotropy is contractility

- stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected during cardiac muscle contraction

front 20

in chronic hypertension, there is a thickening of the artery wall which leads to a(n) (increase/decrease) in vessel diameter and a(n) (increase/decrease) in blood pressure

back 20

decrease, increase

front 21

Aorta, Common Carotid, Common Iliac, Pulmonary Trunk are examples; these vessels have thick tunica media with embedded elastin to enhance recoil to maintain blood pressure

(type of vessel)

back 21

large elastic artery

front 22

valves are present in this vessel which is primarily found within muscle groups or attached to peripheral organs; thin tunica media and thick tunica externa

(type of vessel)

back 22

medium vein

- only veins have valves

front 23

most abundant vessel type carrying oxygenated blood; contribute most to overall blood pressure and resistance by performing vasomotion; thick tunica media

(type of vessel)

back 23

resistance arteriole

front 24

allows leukocytes to emigrate from bloodstream into tissues;low pressure vessel carrying deoxygenated blood from capillary beds

(type of vessel)

back 24

venule

front 25

distributes oxygenated blood to specific organs and muscle groups, contains two distinct layers of elastin that surround the tunica media

back 25

medium muscular artery

front 26

vena cava, internal jugular, pulmonary veins, renal veins are examples;these vessels have thick tunica externa and rely on compression to pressurize and move blood

back 26

large vein

front 27

whic layer of the vessel contains areolar connective tissue?

back 27

tunica externa

front 28

in a vein, this layer of the wall is the thickest

back 28

tunica externa

- veins need a lot of connective tissue so that they don't roll around

front 29

the tunica intima consists of which tissue type?

back 29

simple squamous; endothelium

front 30

the tunica media consists of what tissue type

back 30

smooth muscle

front 31

the majority of the blood in the body is found in the...........

back 31

veins