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Geol. 1403/Cook quiz 13

front 1

Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?

a) kaming

b) calving

c) surging

d) drowning

back 1

calving

front 2

The ____ of the geologic time scale represents the time of the most recent "Ice Age".

a) Pleisocene era

b) Pliocene era

c) Pleistocene epoch

d) Pliocene era

back 2

Pleistocene epoch

front 3

____ is one of two major flow mechanisms in a glacier.

a) Basal slip

b) Crevassal slip

c) Frost heaving

d) Morainal sliding

back 3

basal slip

front 4

Where is the world's largest icesheet located today?

a) Greenland

b) Russia, Siberia

c) Iceland

d) Antarctica

back 4

Antarctica

front 5

Approximately how long ago did the last of the great North American ice sheets melt?

a) 1,500 yrs

b) 1.5 million yrs

c) 15,000 yrs

d) 150,000 yrs

back 5

15,000 yrs

front 6

A fjord is ____.

a) a stream valley, deepened by glacial erosion, that floods as sea level rises

b) a glacier-cut valley that is dammed by an end moraine and a large lake is formed

c) a glacier-cut valley which sinks below sea level due to glacial rebound after the ice melts

d) a large, kettle pocked moraine left as an island when sea level rises following melting of the ice.

back 6

a stream valley, deepened by glacial erosion, that floods as sea level rises

front 7

Where is the world's second largest continental icesheet?

a) Iceland

b) Greenland

c) Antarctica

d) Siberian Russia

back 7

Greenland

front 8

A(n) ____ is simialr in appearance to a sinkhole of a karst area.

a) moraine

b) esker

c) cirque

d) kettle

back 8

kettle

front 9

Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier?

a) the internal, flowage zone

b) the snout zone

c) the surface, brittle zone

d) the basal, sliding zone

back 9

the basal, sliding zone

front 10

A ____ cross-valley profile is typical of canyons and valleys eroded and deepened by alpine or valley glaciers.

a) U

b) Y

c) V

d) S

back 10

U

front 11

____ are erosional features produced by vallet/alpine glaciers.

a) moraines

b) cirques

c) eskers

d) drumlines

back 11

cirques

front 12

A ____ is an erosional feature specifically produced by alpine glaciation.

a) lateral morain

b) drumlin

c) crevasse spur

d) U-shaped valley

back 12

U-shaped valley

front 13

A(n) ____ is likely to host a waterfall or steep rapids today.

a) outwash plain

b) hanging valley

c) striated drumlin

d) horn peak

back 13

hanging valley

front 14

A ____ would logically be situated next to a large end moraine or terminal moraine.

a) cirque

b) fjord

c) pluvial lake

d) outwash plain

back 14

outwash plain

front 15

Which of the following is often associated with a cirque basin in high, mountainous terrain?

a) loon lake

ba) kettle pond

c) tarn lake

d) arete pond

back 15

tarn lake

front 16

____ is an irregular, usually thin till layer laid down by a retreating glacier.

a) terminal morain

b) outwash blanket

c) kame sheet

d) ground moraine

back 16

ground moraine

front 17

All of the following are thought to possibly contribute to the formation of glaciers except for ____.

a) eccentricity

b) precession

c) comets

d) plate tectonics

back 17

comets

front 18

Which of the following best describes the term glacial drift?

a) floating of icebergs southward from the north polar seas

b) slow, plastic flow movement in the brittle zone of a glaciar

c) the sedimentary materials outwash and till

d) the slow, southward advance of the continental icesheets over Canada and North America during the Pleistocene

back 18

the sedimentary materials outwash and till

front 19

Which of the following statements concerning glacial deposits is not true?

a) till is deposited directly from the ice, outwash is depositd by meltwater streams

b) glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move

c) tills are poorly sorted and the fragments are mostly angular

d) outwash is mainly stratified sand and gravel

back 19

glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move

front 20

What type of moraine is formed by the merging of two lateral moraines at a junction of two valley glaciers?

a) medial

b) recessional

c) ground

d) kettle

back 20

medial

front 21

T/F When aglacier is retreating, the upstream ice is still moving forward toward the downstream terminus of the glacier.

back 21

true

front 22

T/F Crevasses are short, narrow cracks in the plastic flow zone of a glacier that alternately open and close as the ice flows along.

back 22

false

front 23

T/F The downstream end or snout of a glacier advances over peiods of time during which ablation exceeds accumulation.

back 23

false

front 24

T/F Till is an unsorted sediment deposited directly from the melting glacial ice; stream action is not involved

back 24

true

front 25

T/F ArĂȘtes, horns, and U-shaped valleys are erosional features carved from bedrock by glaciers.

back 25

true

front 26

T/F Sand and gravel deposited by glacial meltwater streams are known as outwash till or stratified till.

back 26

true

front 27

T/F In the north-central United States, much of the land north of the Ohio and Missouri Rivers was covered by one or more of the Pleistocene icesheets.

back 27

true

front 28

T/F Surges in glacial movement are probably related to unusually fast rates of basal sliding.

back 28

true

front 29

T/F Rock flour consists of silt-sized, rock and mineral particles produced by glacial abrasion.

back 29

true

front 30

T/F Eskers and kames are deposited by meltwater streams, they are composed of stratified sand and gravel.

back 30

true

front 31

T/F Essentricity, obliquity, and precession are three factors involved in the Milankovitch astronomical explanation of why the Pleistocene continental icesheets alternately grew and sharnk in size.

back 31

true

front 32

T/F A cirque represents an erosional feature formed in what was an important accumulation zone for snow and ice at the upstream head of a glacier.

back 32

true

front 33

Unusually rapid, forward movement of glaciers are called ____.

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 33

surges

front 34

List the two, major mechanisms of glacial flow.

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 34

plastic flow; basal slip

front 35

What term describes open fissures in the brittle, surface ice of a gacier?

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 35

crevasse

front 36

What general term denotes wastage of a glacier?

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 36

ablation

front 37

Valleys deeply eroded by alpine glaciers have what characteristic, cross-valley profile?

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 37

U-shaped

front 38

What term denotes a glacial valley that was partly flooded as sea level rose?

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 38

fjord

front 39

Bowl-shaped depressions in bedrock at upstream ends of alpine glacial valleys are called ____.

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 39

cirque

front 40

The upper 40 meters or so of a glacier is known as the zone of ____.

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 40

fracture

front 41

____ are glacier-cut valleys that flooded as sea level rose in post-glacial times.

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 41

fjord

front 42

____ are smoothly tapered, elongated hills of till, shaped by an overriding continental icesheet.

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 42

drumlin

front 43

A(n) ____ is a closed depression formed by melting of an ice block buried in a moraine or outwash plain.

a) crevasse

b) U-shaped

c) fjord

d) esker

e) drumlin

ab) kettle

ac) cirque

ad) hanging valley

ae) ablation

bc) fracture

bd) surges

be) plastic flow; basal slip

back 43

kettle