front 1 When her professor failed to recognize that Judy had her hand raised for a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Although she subsequently learned that the professor's limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was unfriendly. Judy's reaction best illustrates
| back 1 A)Belief perseverance |
front 2 When retested on WAIS, people’s second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of
| back 2 C)Reliability |
front 3 During a lecture, your professor says, "A child learns language as he interacts with caregivers." This generic use of the pronoun "he" is more likely to trigger images of males than of females. This best illustrates the impact of:
| back 3 A)Language on thinking |
front 4 Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates:
| back 4 C)Confirmation bias |
front 5 Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit:
| back 5 A)Overconfidence |
front 6 Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like “push” before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like “go”?
| back 6 D)Chomsky |
front 7 A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly seeking to take advantage of:
| back 7 C)The representativeness heuristic |
front 8 8.Which procedure is used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie people’s intelligence scores?
| back 8 A)Heritability estimates |
front 9 Vocal sounds that are not included in one’s native language first begin to disappear from usage during the ____ stage of language development.
| back 9 B)Babbling |
front 10 When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister’s opinion, she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister’s frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates
| back 10 C)Emotional intelligence |
front 11 In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of:
| back 11 C)A heuristic |
front 12 An 8-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency of an average 10-year-old was said to have an IQ of
| back 12 B)125 |
front 13 Increasing years of schooling over the last half century have most likely contributed to
| back 13 C)The Flynn effect |
front 14 Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustratres their capacity to develop
| back 14 A)Heuristics |
front 15 Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men. This best illustrates the impact of
| back 15 D) Stereotype threat |
front 16 Exposure to language during a critical period is conducive for effectively establishing the settings of a child's:
| back 16 D)Language acquisition device. |
front 17 Managers who want to foster creativity in the workplace should try to increase the ________ of their employees.
| back 17 C)Intrinsic motivation |
front 18 Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed first administered the test to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for test:
| back 18 A)Standardization. |
front 19 Comparing the academic performance of those who score extremely low on intelligence tests with those whose scores are extremely high is an effective way to highlight the tests':
| back 19 D)Validity. |
front 20 Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult ________ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult ________ test.
| back 20 A)Math problem solving; verbal fluency |
front 21 In her research, Professor Kyoto seeks to identify circumstances in which confirmation bias is especially likely to impede effective problem solving. Which specialty area does her research best represent?
| back 21 E)cognitive psychology |
front 22 Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble his ________ of a sport.
| back 22 B)prototype |
front 23 In attempting to solve difficult sexual assault cases, a police detective frequently reminds himself to focus investigative suspicion on the victims' friends and acquaintances. This strategy best illustrates the use of:
| back 23 B)a heuristic. |
front 24 People are often unable to come up with the simple solutions to some of the three-jugs problems presented in the text because they repeat more complicated solutions that worked in the past. This best illustrates the dynamics of:
| back 24 E)a mental set. |
front 25 Brutus believes that men enjoy watching professional football and that women are categorically distinct from men. His gender stereotypes are so strong, however, that he mistakenly reasons from these premises the illogical conclusion that women do not enjoy watching professional football. His reasoning difficulty best illustrates:
| back 25 D)belief bias. |
front 26 Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as:
| back 26 B)belief perseverance. |
front 27 The word “chimps” contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).
| back 27 A)5; 1 |
front 28 Adding -ed to the word “laugh” means that the action took place in the past. This illustrates one of the rules of English:
| back 28 A)semantics. |
front 29 To simulate the learning of the statistical relationships among language terms, researchers are likely to make use of:
| back 29 C)computer neural networks. |
front 30 Your ability to recall which direction you turn the faucet handle in your bathroom in order to get cold water best illustrates the importance of:
| back 30 C)thinking without language. |
front 31 We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our________ of a bird.
| back 31 B)prototype |
front 32 Prototype is to category as ________ is to ________.
| back 32 B)milk; beverage |
front 33 To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:
| back 33 C)an algorithm. |
front 34 Max is so used to thinking that a tough competitive style of behavior is the best way to impress others that he fails to recognize that the most effective way to impress his girlfriend is with cooperative tenderness. Max's oversight best illustrates:
| back 34 A)a fixation. |
front 35 Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates:
| back 35 A)functional fixedness. |
front 36 The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of:
| back 36 E)the availability heuristic. |
front 37 College students are more likely to judge a condom as effective when informed that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate. This best illustrates the impact of:
| back 37 A)framing. |
front 38 Professor Chadwick evaluated a graduate student's research proposal negatively simply because he had heard a rumor about the student's incompetence. When later informed that the rumor had been patently false, the professor's assessment of the student's research proposal remained almost as negative as ever. This best illustrates:
| back 38 D)belief perseverance. |
front 39 A computer program designed to process the information in a psychology textbook and correctly answer multiple-choice questions regarding the text contents illustrates an application of:
| back 39 D)artificial intelligence. |
front 40 In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns, as in “white house.” This illustrates a rule of English:
| back 40 C)syntax. |
front 41 The two-word stage of language development typically begins at the age of ________ months.
| back 41 D)24 |
front 42 42.The fact that children speak with an accent that is similar to their peers is best explained by ________ theory of language acquisition.
| back 42 A)Skinner's |
front 43 Learning a spoken language during childhood ________ the learning of sign language during adolescence. Learning sign language during childhood _______ the learning of a spoken language during adolescence.
| back 43 D)facilitates; facilitates |
front 44 Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This illustrates:
| back 44 B)linguistic determinism. |
front 45 When choosing who should retrieve food for them, humans prefer someone who has witnessed it being hidden. Chimps do not. This best illustrates that chimps have a more limited:
| back 45 C)theory of mind. |
front 46 Chimpanzees are capable of learning to:
| back 46 D)do all of the above. |
front 47 Syntax refers to the:
| back 47 A)orderly arrangement of words into grammatically sensible sentences. |
front 48 The principles of learning emphasized by behaviorists would be most helpful in explaining why children:
| back 48 B)add new words to their vocabulary. |
front 49 According to Chomsky, the fact that young children overgeneralize certain rules of grammatical structure suggests that:
| back 49 A)language skills are not developed simply through the processes of imitation and reinforcement. |
front 50 At 17 months of age, Julie says “wada” whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.
| back 50 C)oneword |
front 51 Jahmal cites his cousin Luana's many car accidents as evidence that women are worse drivers than men. He overlooks the fact that his wife and three daughters have had far fewer car accidents than he and his two sons. Jahmal's prejudicial conclusion about women's driving skills best illustrates the effects of:
| back 51 C)confirmation bias. |
front 52 People more easily detect male prejudice against women than female prejudice against men because the former more closely resembles their ________ of prejudice.
| back 52 D)prototype |
front 53 Framing refers to:
| back 53 A)the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded. |
front 54 In the words “lightly,” “neatly,” and “shortly,” the “ly” ending is a(n):
| back 54 D)morpheme. |
front 55 Judging the likelihood that things fall into a certain category on the basis of how well they seem to match a particular prototype refers to the use of the:
| back 55 F)representativeness heuristic. |
front 56 A mental set is a:
| back 56 C)tendency to approach a problem in a way that has been successful in the past. |
front 57 57.Research on the language capabilities of apes indicates that they cannot:
| back 57 D)grammatically order language symbols as well as most 3-year-old children. |
front 58 To promote cognitive efficiency, concepts are typically organized into:
| back 58 D)hierarchies. |
front 59 Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:
| back 59 B)an algorithm. |
front 60 Encouraging people to explain why their own personal views on an issue are correct is most likely to promote:
| back 60 D)belief perseverance. |
front 61 Business managers are more likely to track the career achievements of those they once hired than the accomplishments of those they once rejected. This best illustrates:
| back 61 D)confirmation bias. |
front 62 Most people take less time to identify a cow as a mammal than a mouse as a mammal because a cow more closely resembles their ________ of a mammal.
| back 62 A)prototype |
front 63 The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of:
| back 63 A)the representativeness heuristic. |
front 64 Professor Thompson's research activities involve the use of computers to simulate human decision-making strategies. Which specialty area does this research best represent?
| back 64 B)cognitive psychology |
front 65 Psychologists are most likely to question whether chimps have the capacity to:
| back 65 A)infer another chimp's mental states. |